发酵类制药企业污水处理厂废气中VOCs及厂界恶臭物质特征分析
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摘要
为探究发酵类制药企业污水处理厂废气中挥发性有机物的成分及恶臭来源,选取石家庄市某发酵类制药企业污水处理厂为研究对象,参照美国EPA的TO-15方法,采用SUMMA罐采样-三级冷阱预浓缩-GC/MS分析方法,对各个处理单元和排放废气中的VOCs成分进行了定性分析,并对特征组分进行了定量分析。结果表明,VOCs的主要产生单元是水解酸化池、完全混合曝气池和沉淀池;在水解酸化池中,异丙硫醇的质量浓度最高,达到12.02 mg/m~3;厂区环境中异丙硫醇、丁硫醇、硫化氢的阈稀释倍数较大,是主要的恶臭污染贡献物。分析发酵类制药企业污水处理厂废气中VOCs及厂界恶臭物质的污染特征,改进废气中异丙硫醇和丁硫醇的治理工艺,加强对恶臭物质的治理,可进一步改善厂区及周边环境的污染程度,为石家庄市大气污染治理提供技术支持。
In order to explore the composition of VOCs and odorous substances in waste gas from sewage treatment plant of fermentation pharmaceutical enterprises, a fermentation pharmaceutical enterprise sewage treatment plant in Shijiazhuang City is selected as the research object. According to the US EPA TO-15 method, the VOCs components in each treatment unit and exhaust gas are qualitatively analyzed and the characteristic components are quantitatively analyzed by SUMMA tank sampling-three-stage cold trap preconcentration-GC/MS analysis method. The results show that the main generating units of VOCs are hydrolytic acidification tank, complete aeration tank and sedimentation tank. In the hydrolytic acidification tank, the mass concentration of isopropyl mercaptan is the highest, reaching to 12.02 mg/m~3. The threshold dilution multiple of isopropyl mercaptan, butyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide in the factory environment is large, which is the main contribution of malodor pollution. The pollution characteristics of VOCs in waste gas from sewage treatment plants of fermentation pharmaceutical enterprises and malodorous substance at the plant boundary are analyzed. The improvement of the treatment technologies of different isopropyl mercaptan and butyl mercaptan in waste gas and the strengthening of the treatment measures for malodorous substance can further improve the pollution level of the plant area and the surrounding environment, and provide technical support for air pollution control in Shijiazhuang City.
In order to explore the composition of VOCs and odorous substances in waste gas from sewage treatment plant of fermentation pharmaceutical enterprises, a fermentation pharmaceutical enterprise sewage treatment plant in Shijiazhuang City is selected as the research object. According to the US EPA TO-15 method, the VOCs components in each treatment unit and exhaust gas are qualitatively analyzed and the characteristic components are quantitatively analyzed by SUMMA tank sampling-three-stage cold trap preconcentration-GC/MS analysis method. The results show that the main generating units of VOCs are hydrolytic acidification tank, complete aeration tank and sedimentation tank. In the hydrolytic acidification tank, the mass concentration of isopropyl mercaptan is the highest, reaching to 12.02 mg/m~3. The threshold dilution multiple of isopropyl mercaptan, butyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide in the factory environment is large, which is the main contribution of malodor pollution. The pollution characteristics of VOCs in waste gas from sewage treatment plants of fermentation pharmaceutical enterprises and malodorous substance at the plant boundary are analyzed. The improvement of the treatment technologies of different isopropyl mercaptan and butyl mercaptan in waste gas and the strengthening of the treatment measures for malodorous substance can further improve the pollution level of the plant area and the surrounding environment, and provide technical support for air pollution control in Shijiazhuang City.
引文
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[2] 慈晓琳,张海涛,瞿贤.上海化学工业区污水处理厂废气中挥发性有机物主要成分的测定[J].中国环境监测,2010,26(2):16-20.CI Xiaolin,ZHANG Haitao,QU Xian.Determination of main components of volatile organic compounds in waste gas of WWTP in Shanghai Chemical Industry Park[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2010,26(2):16-20.
[3] 顾丽霞.城市污水治理及监测技术初探[J].资源节约与环保,2017,32(12):18-20.
[4] 王洪华,邢书彬,周保华,等.河北省制药行业污染防治现状及对策[J].河北工业科技,2010,27(5):355-360.WANG Honghua,XING Shubin,ZHOU Baohua,et al.Current situation of pharmaceutical industry pollution control and its countermeasures in Hebei[J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2010,27(5):355-360.
[5] 叶英,赵月静,刘飞.浅谈城镇污水生物处理工艺的选择[J].河北工业科技,2005,22(5):291-293.YE Ying,ZHAO Yuejing,LIU Fei.Choice of the technics of sewage biological treatment in city and town[J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2005,22(5):291-293.
[6] 冯素敏,邵立荣,孙文章.石家庄市城镇污水处理技术现状与展望[J].河北工业科技,2005,22(6):325-327.FENG Sumin,SHAO Lirong,SUN Wenzhang.Present situation and prospect of municipal wastewater treatment technologies in Shijiazhuang [J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2005,22(6):325-327.
[7] 高康宁,曹会勇,王进,等.华北地区某污水处理厂升级改造工程实例[J].河北工业科技,2010,27(5):286-290.GAO Kangning,CAO Huiyong,WANG Jin,et al.Example of an upgrading project of sewage treatment plants in North China[J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2010,27(5):286-290.
[8] 郭隽,张亚雷,周雪飞,等.城市污水中氟喹诺酮类抗生素药物的来源与去除研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(2):75-80.GUO Jun,ZHANG Yalei,ZHOU Xuefei,et al.Occurrence and removal of fluoroquinolones in municipal sewage :A review[J].Environmental Pollution & Control,2016,38(2):75-80.
[9] 戴小平,朱瑞芬,俞建兵,等.发酵类制药废水治理技术探讨[J].绿色技术,2015(11):183-185.
[10] 陈芳,王奕奕,周珊,等.污水处理厂挥发性有机污染物特征研究[J].科技通报,2017,33(11):261-265.CHEN Fang,WANG Yiyi,ZHOU Shan,et al.Study on characteristics of VOCs in sewage treatment plant[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2017,33(11):261-265.
[11] 席劲瑛,胡洪营,罗彬,等.城市污水处理厂主要恶臭源的排放规律研究[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(21):99-103.XI Jinying,HU Hongying,LUO Bin,et al.Odorants emission characteristics in a municipal wastewater treatment plant[J].China Water & Wastewater,2006,22(21):99-103.
[12] FUJITA H.Environmental odour management in Japan [J].Environmental Odour Management,2004,1850:71-76.
[13] MAHIN T D.Comparison of different approaches used to regulate odours around the world [J].Water Science and Techno-logy,2001,44(9):87-102.
[14] 石磊,耿静,徐金凤,等.欧洲的恶臭污染法规及测试技术进展[J].城市环境与城市生态,2004,17(2):20-21.SHI Lei,GENG Jing,XU Jinfeng,et al.Odor regulation and progress of odor measurement in Europe[J].Urban Environment & Urban Ecology,2004,17(2):20-21.
[15] 谢心庆,郑薇.国内外PM2.5研究进展综述[J].电力科技与环保,2015,31(4):17-20.XIE Xinqing,ZHENG Wei.Summary of the research progress of PM2.5 at home and abroad[J].Electric Power Science and Technology and Environmental Protection,2015,31(4):17-20.
[16] 姚彦红,林波.抗生素制药废水的污染特点及处理研究进展[J].江西化工,2008(4):33-35.YAO Yanhong,LIN Bo.Study development of pollution chracteristics and treatment of antibiotics pharmaceutical wastewater[J].Jiangxi Chemical Industry,2008(4):33-35.
[17] 宋玉.青霉素生产过程中挥发性有机物和恶臭排放标准研究[D].石家庄:河北科技大学,2014.SONG Yu.Study on Emission Standard of Volatile Organic Compounds and Malodorous Gases from Penicillin Industry[D].Shijiazhuang:Hebei University of Science and Technology,2014.