秸秆还田量对土壤和马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响
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摘要
为增强土壤保水续墒,改善土壤质地和团粒结构,提高土壤水分利用效率,以定薯3号为材料,设计玉米秸秆量0、5 000、10 000、15 000、20 000 kg/hm25个处理,3次重复,小区面积33 m2(6.0 m×5.5 m),研究了玉米秸秆还田量对土壤水分含量、容重、马铃薯产量品质及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施用秸秆处理的马铃薯块茎中淀粉含量提高0.04～0.92百分点,干物质提高0.18～0.60百分点,商品薯率提高5.2～21.5百分点,产量提高10.68%～54.33%,水分利用效率提高5.93%～30.66%,不同处理对马铃薯产量影响差异显著,施入量为0～15 000 kg/hm2时,马铃薯产量呈上升趋势,超过15 000 kg/hm2产量呈下降趋势,建议推广施用量为15 000 kg/hm2。
In order to improve the soil moisture retention,improve soil texture and aggregate structure,and improve soil water use efficiency,the effects of corn straw returning amount on soil water content,bulk density,potato yield and quality,and water use efficiency were studied,with Dingshu 3 as material, with an experimental design of five treatments of 0 kg/hm2,5 000 kg/hm2,10 000 kg/hm2,15 000 kg/hm2 and 20 000 kg/hm2 of corn straw,three replications and the plot area of 33 m2(6.0 m×5.5 m). The results showed that with straw mulching,the starch content,the dry matter content,the commodity potato rate,the potato productivity and the water utilization efficiency of potato tubers increased 0.04 ～0.92 percent point,0.18 ～0.60 percent point,5.2 ～21.5 percent point,10.68% ～54.33% and 5.93% ～30.66%,respectively,compared with control groups. The effects of different treatments on potato yield were significant. The potato yield showed an upward trend when the application amount ranged from 0 to 15 000 kg/hm2,and a downward trend when it exceeded15 000 kg/hm2. The recommended application amount was 15 000 kg/hm2.
In order to improve the soil moisture retention,improve soil texture and aggregate structure,and improve soil water use efficiency,the effects of corn straw returning amount on soil water content,bulk density,potato yield and quality,and water use efficiency were studied,with Dingshu 3 as material, with an experimental design of five treatments of 0 kg/hm2,5 000 kg/hm2,10 000 kg/hm2,15 000 kg/hm2 and 20 000 kg/hm2 of corn straw,three replications and the plot area of 33 m2(6.0 m×5.5 m). The results showed that with straw mulching,the starch content,the dry matter content,the commodity potato rate,the potato productivity and the water utilization efficiency of potato tubers increased 0.04 ～0.92 percent point,0.18 ～0.60 percent point,5.2 ～21.5 percent point,10.68% ～54.33% and 5.93% ～30.66%,respectively,compared with control groups. The effects of different treatments on potato yield were significant. The potato yield showed an upward trend when the application amount ranged from 0 to 15 000 kg/hm2,and a downward trend when it exceeded15 000 kg/hm2. The recommended application amount was 15 000 kg/hm2.
引文
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[3]李晓瑞.机械化深耕灭茬整地与秸秆还田技术[J].现代农业科技,2009(9):319-324.
[4]魏永霞,陈伟,王存国,等.不同水土保持技术模式的坡耕地产流、产沙特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):27-28.
[5]王安,郝明德,臧逸飞,等.秸秆覆盖和留茬的田间水土保持效应[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):47-51.
[6]宋淑亚,刘文兆,王俊,等.覆盖方式对玉米农田土壤水分、作物产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(2):210-217.
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[11]强学彩,袁红莉,高旺盛,等.秸秆不同还田量对土壤CO2释放和土壤微生物的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(3):469-472.
[12]谢小双,保石全,林克惠,等.马铃薯的营养特性及地膜覆盖的增产效应[J].云南农业大学学报,2001,16(1):35-38.
[13]徐康乐,米庆华,徐坤范,等.不同地膜覆盖对春季马铃薯生长及产量的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2004(4):17-19.
[14] TIAN Y, SU D R, LI F M,et al. Effect of rainwater harvesting with ridge and furrow on yield of potato in semiarid areas[J]. Field Crops Research,2003,84:385-391.
[15] ZAONGO C G L,WENDT C W,LASCANO R J,et al. Interactions of water, mulch and nitrogen on sorghum in Niger[J]. Plant and Soil,1997,197:119-126.
[2]李伟,蔺树生,谭豫之,等.作物秸秆综合利用的创水技术[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(1):14-17.
[3]李晓瑞.机械化深耕灭茬整地与秸秆还田技术[J].现代农业科技,2009(9):319-324.
[4]魏永霞,陈伟,王存国,等.不同水土保持技术模式的坡耕地产流、产沙特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):27-28.
[5]王安,郝明德,臧逸飞,等.秸秆覆盖和留茬的田间水土保持效应[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):47-51.
[6]宋淑亚,刘文兆,王俊,等.覆盖方式对玉米农田土壤水分、作物产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(2):210-217.
[7]高世铭,王亚宏.陇中旱地马铃薯不同种植模式对土壤温度和水分利用效率得到影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,12(6):19-23.
[8]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
[9]黄伟坤,唐英章,黄焕昌.食品检验与分析[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000.
[10]王婷,丁宁平,周海燕,等.秸秆还田方式对全膜双垄沟播玉米产量及土壤水分的影响[J].甘肃农业科技,2013(11):22-24.
[11]强学彩,袁红莉,高旺盛,等.秸秆不同还田量对土壤CO2释放和土壤微生物的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(3):469-472.
[12]谢小双,保石全,林克惠,等.马铃薯的营养特性及地膜覆盖的增产效应[J].云南农业大学学报,2001,16(1):35-38.
[13]徐康乐,米庆华,徐坤范,等.不同地膜覆盖对春季马铃薯生长及产量的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2004(4):17-19.
[14] TIAN Y, SU D R, LI F M,et al. Effect of rainwater harvesting with ridge and furrow on yield of potato in semiarid areas[J]. Field Crops Research,2003,84:385-391.
[15] ZAONGO C G L,WENDT C W,LASCANO R J,et al. Interactions of water, mulch and nitrogen on sorghum in Niger[J]. Plant and Soil,1997,197:119-126.