风力发电机齿轮箱高故障率原因的研究及改进措施
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摘要
风能是利用最广泛的清洁能源,随着对新能源的不断开发利用,风力发电机的装机容量不断提高,然而却出现了风机故障率较高的问题,通过对风力发电机故障诊断研究现状进行分析,发现在风力发电机各部位故障中齿轮箱是故障率最高的部位,并且风力发电机齿轮箱故障率明显高于普通齿轮箱,以典型风力发电机齿轮箱为研究对象,通过仿真分析与研究,研究了风力发电机齿轮箱故障高发的作用机制及根本原因,在结构上提出了相应的改进措施,并对改进后结构的有效性进行了验证,为风力发电机齿轮箱的设计及运行提供了重要的参考。
Wind energy is the most widely used clean energy. With the continuous development and utilization of the new energy,the installed capacity of wind power generator is increasing steadily. However,there is a problem that wind turbine generator has a high failure rate. By analyzing the research status of fault diagnosis of wind turbine,it was found the gear box failure rate is the highest,and the failure rate of wind turbine gearbox was significantly higher than the ordinary gear box. Through researched a typical wind turbine gearbox by simulation,the root reason and functional mechanism of the high failure rate of the gearbox were researched. The improvement measures on the structure are put forward accordingly,and the verification is carried out effectively,it provides an important reference for the design and operation of wind turbine gearbox.
Wind energy is the most widely used clean energy. With the continuous development and utilization of the new energy,the installed capacity of wind power generator is increasing steadily. However,there is a problem that wind turbine generator has a high failure rate. By analyzing the research status of fault diagnosis of wind turbine,it was found the gear box failure rate is the highest,and the failure rate of wind turbine gearbox was significantly higher than the ordinary gear box. Through researched a typical wind turbine gearbox by simulation,the root reason and functional mechanism of the high failure rate of the gearbox were researched. The improvement measures on the structure are put forward accordingly,and the verification is carried out effectively,it provides an important reference for the design and operation of wind turbine gearbox.
引文
[1]刘忠明,尚珍,董进朝,等.风电增速箱齿轮设计计算若干问题探讨[J].机械传动,2008,32(6):9-12.LIU Z M,SHANG Z,DONG J C,et al.Discussion on Some Problems in Design of Gearbox of Wind Power Calculation[J].Mechanical Transmission,2008,32(6):9-12.
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[8]程发斌,汤宝平,刘文艺.一种抑制维格纳分布交叉项的方法及在故障诊断中应用[J].中国机械工程,2008,19(14):1727-1731.110.CHENG F B,TANG B P,LIU W Y.A Method to Suppress Cross-terms of Wigner-Ville Distribution and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2008,19(14):1727-1731.110.
[9]秦大同,邢子坤,王建宏.基于动力学和可靠性的风力发电齿轮传动系统参数优化设计[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(7):24-31.QIN D T,XING Z K,WANG J H.Optimization Design of System Parameter of the Gear Transmission of Wind Turbine Based on Dynamics and Reliability[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2008,44(7):24-31.
[10]曹娜,赵海翔,任普春,等.风电场动态分析中风速模型的建立及应用[C]//中国电机工程学报,2007,36.CAO N,ZHAO H X,REN P C,et al.Establish and Application of Wind Speed Model in Wind Farm Dynamic Analysis[C]//Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,36.
[11]孙首群,徐伟,赵玉香,等.行星齿轮内齿圈的多柔体动力学分析[J].机械设计,2009(11):95-97.SUN S Q,XU W,ZHAO Y X,et al.Dynamic Analysis of Multi Flexible Body of Planetary Gear Inner Ring Gear[J].Journal Of Mechanical Design,2009(11):95-97.
[12]周永新.基于ADAMS的行星齿轮系统的仿真计算[J].电子机械工程,2009(3).ZHOU Y X.Simulation Calculation of Flanetary Gear System Based on ADAMS[J].Electro-Mechanical Engineering,2009(3).
[2]王旭东,林腾蛟,李润方,等.风力发电机组齿轮系统内部动态激励和响应分析[J].机械设计与研究,2006,22(3):47-49.WANG X D,LIN T J,LI R F,et al.The Internal Dynam ic Excitation and Response Analysis of the Gear System for the Wind-driven Generator[J].Machine Design and Research,2006,22(3):47-49.
[3]来五星,轩建平,史铁林,等.Wigner-Ville时频分布研究及其在齿轮故障诊断中的应用[J].振动工程学报,2003,16(2):247-250.LAI W X,XUAN J P,SHI T L,et al.The Application of Wigner-Ville and Its Time-frequency Distribution in Fault Diagnosis of Gears[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2003,16(2):247-250.
[4]张超.基于自适应振动信号处理的旋转机械故障诊断研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2012.
[5]程军圣,杨怡,杨宇.基于LMD的谱峭度方法在齿轮故障诊断中的应用[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(18):20-23.CHENG J S,YANG Y,YANG Y.Application of Spectral Kurtosis Approach Based on Local Mean Decomposition(LMD)in Gear Fault Diagnosis[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(18):20-23.
[6]许雪贵,徐文琴.齿轮箱故障的振动机理与故障特征研究[J].机械制造与自动化,2012,41(4):74-77.XU X G,XU W Q.Vibration Mechanism and Fault Signature of Gear Case[J].Machine Building&Automation,2012,41(4):74-77.
[7]胡雄.齿轮振动的机理分析及其故障诊断[J].上海海运学院学报,1989(3):78-85.HU X.Mechanismic Analysis of Gear Osciclation and Diagnosis of its Defects[J].Journal of Shanghai Maritime University,1989(3):78-85.
[8]程发斌,汤宝平,刘文艺.一种抑制维格纳分布交叉项的方法及在故障诊断中应用[J].中国机械工程,2008,19(14):1727-1731.110.CHENG F B,TANG B P,LIU W Y.A Method to Suppress Cross-terms of Wigner-Ville Distribution and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2008,19(14):1727-1731.110.
[9]秦大同,邢子坤,王建宏.基于动力学和可靠性的风力发电齿轮传动系统参数优化设计[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(7):24-31.QIN D T,XING Z K,WANG J H.Optimization Design of System Parameter of the Gear Transmission of Wind Turbine Based on Dynamics and Reliability[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2008,44(7):24-31.
[10]曹娜,赵海翔,任普春,等.风电场动态分析中风速模型的建立及应用[C]//中国电机工程学报,2007,36.CAO N,ZHAO H X,REN P C,et al.Establish and Application of Wind Speed Model in Wind Farm Dynamic Analysis[C]//Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,36.
[11]孙首群,徐伟,赵玉香,等.行星齿轮内齿圈的多柔体动力学分析[J].机械设计,2009(11):95-97.SUN S Q,XU W,ZHAO Y X,et al.Dynamic Analysis of Multi Flexible Body of Planetary Gear Inner Ring Gear[J].Journal Of Mechanical Design,2009(11):95-97.
[12]周永新.基于ADAMS的行星齿轮系统的仿真计算[J].电子机械工程,2009(3).ZHOU Y X.Simulation Calculation of Flanetary Gear System Based on ADAMS[J].Electro-Mechanical Engineering,2009(3).