地基GPS用于阿勒泰积雪深度反演研究
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摘要
积雪作为主要的淡水资源,准确地监测积雪覆盖与雪深具有十分重要的意义。随着全球卫星导航系统的不断建设和新技术新应用的不断发展,地基GPS遥感积雪参数技术越来越受国内外学者的重视。本文基于阿勒泰市气象局的GPS地表环境监测站观测数据,采用GPS-MR技术开展了积雪深度反演研究。首先给出了GPS-MR技术用于积雪深度反演的基本原理,其次利用阿勒泰GPS监测站2017年1—3月的数据进行了积雪深度反演分析,最后针对不同GPS卫星高度角区间影响进行精度分析。研究结果表明地基GPS可用于阿勒泰气象站积雪深度反演,与实测雪深较差优于3 cm,且较优卫星高度角区间为5°～20°。地基GPS用于积雪深度反演具有全天候、高精度、高时间分辨率、高自动化、低成本等优点,可充分发挥现有地基GNSS气象监测站在积雪探测领域潜在的应用价值,以期地基GNSS监测站成为积雪遥感探测手段的有效补充。
Snow is the main freshwater resource in the world, it is of great significance to accurately monitor snow cover and snow depth. With the rapid development of GNSS building up and the application technology of GNSS, many scholars pay more attention to the widely application of GNSS on remote sensing of snow parameters. Based on the data collected at GPS surface environmental monitoring stations in Altay, GPS-MR technique was applied to carry out the research of snow depth.Firstly, the theory of GPS-MR was introduced to study the retrieving of snow depth. Secondly, the three month GPS data from January to March in 2017 in Altay would be used to retrieve snow depth.Finally, the precision analysis was carried out for the influence of different GPS satellite elevation angles. The experimental results showed that ground-based GPS could be used to retrieve snow depth,and the deviation from measured data was less than 3 cm, the optimal GPS satellites elevation angle range was 5° ～20°. With the advantages of all-weather, high-precision, automation, high time-resolution and low cost characteristics of GPS-MR technology for retrieving snow depth, the potential application value of the existing ground-based GNSS meteorological monitoring station could be fully excavated, so we expected the ground-based GNSS observing data would become an effective complement for snow remote sensing study.
Snow is the main freshwater resource in the world, it is of great significance to accurately monitor snow cover and snow depth. With the rapid development of GNSS building up and the application technology of GNSS, many scholars pay more attention to the widely application of GNSS on remote sensing of snow parameters. Based on the data collected at GPS surface environmental monitoring stations in Altay, GPS-MR technique was applied to carry out the research of snow depth.Firstly, the theory of GPS-MR was introduced to study the retrieving of snow depth. Secondly, the three month GPS data from January to March in 2017 in Altay would be used to retrieve snow depth.Finally, the precision analysis was carried out for the influence of different GPS satellite elevation angles. The experimental results showed that ground-based GPS could be used to retrieve snow depth,and the deviation from measured data was less than 3 cm, the optimal GPS satellites elevation angle range was 5° ～20°. With the advantages of all-weather, high-precision, automation, high time-resolution and low cost characteristics of GPS-MR technology for retrieving snow depth, the potential application value of the existing ground-based GNSS meteorological monitoring station could be fully excavated, so we expected the ground-based GNSS observing data would become an effective complement for snow remote sensing study.
引文
[1]庄晓翠,郭城,赵正波,等.新疆阿勒泰地区积雪变化分析[J].干旱气象,2010,28(2):190-197.
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[3]于惠,张学通,王玮,等.基于AMSR-E数据的青海省雪深遥感监测模型及其精度评价[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(2):255-261.
[4]李震,邵雨阳,周建民,等.基于MEMLS模型的积雪深度反演方法[J].遥感学报,2013,17(3):657-670.
[5]蒋玲梅,王培,张立新,等.FY3B-MWRI中国区域雪深反演算法改进[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(3):531-547.
[6]周胜男,车涛,戴礼云,等.基于地面站点类型代表性的积雪遥感产品精度评价[J].遥感技术与应用,2017,32(2):228-237.
[7] Larson K M,Gutmann E D,Zavorotny V U,et al. Can we measure snow depth with GPS receivers[J] Geophsical Research Letters.2009,17(1):1-5
[8] Ozeki M, Heki K. GPS snow depth meter with geometryfree linear combinations of carrier phases[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2012, 86(3):209-219.
[9] Hefty J, Gerhatova L. Experience with snow depth sensing using GPS multipath gained at some permanent stations in Central Europe[C]//EGU General Assembly Conference.EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2013.
[10] Yu K, Ban W, Zhang X, et al. Snow depth estimation based on multipath phase combination of GPS triplefrequency signals[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing, 2015, 53(9):5100-5109.
[11] Dai K Y, Zhang S C. Preliminary research on snow depth monitoring with GPS SNR([C]//China Satellite Navigation Conference(CSNC)2016 Proceedings:Volume II. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016:71-84.
[12] Jin Shuanggen,Qian Xiaodong,Kutoglu Hakan,et al.Snow depth variations estimated from GPS-Reflectometry:a case study in Alaska from L2P SNR data.[J]. Remote Sensing,2016, 8(1):63.DOI:10.3390/rs 8010063
[13]张双成,戴凯阳,刘凯,等. GPS-MR技术用于降雪厚度监测研究[J].地球物理学进展,2016, 31(4):1879-1884.
[14]刘智康,安家春,冯鱼,等.基于GNSS-R技术的北极黄河站雪深反演研究[J].华东交通大学学报, 2016, 33(5):81-86.
[15] Larson K M,Nievinski F G. GPS snow sensing:Results from the Earth Scope Plate Boundary Observatory[J]. GPS Solutions. 2013, 17:41-52.
[16]杨东凯,刘毅,王峰.星载GNSS-R海面风速反演方法研究[J].电子与信息学报,2018,40(2):462-469.
[17]杨磊.GNSS-R农田土壤湿度反演方法研究[J].测绘学报,2018,47(1):134.
[18]李彬彬,张云,杨树瑚,等.单天线GNSS反射信号的积雪厚度反演[J].全球定位系统,2016,41(6):37-41,54.
[19] MARTIN-NEIRA M. A passive reflectometry and interferometry system(PARIS):application to ocean altimetry[J]. ESA Journal, 1993, 17(4):331-335.
[20] Larson K M, Palo S, Roesler C, et al. Detection of plumes at Redoubt and Etna volcanoes using the GPS SNR method[J]. Journal of Volcanology&Geothermal Research, 2017.
[21] Liu L, Larson K M. Decadal changes of surface elevation over permafrost area estimated using reflected GPS signals[J]. Cryosphere, 2018, 12(2):1-22.
[22]王泽民,刘智康,安家春,等.基于GPS和北斗信噪比观测值的雪深反演及其误差分析[J].测绘学报,2018,47(1):8-16.
[23] Jin S, Najibi N. Sensing snow height and surface temperature variations in Greenland from GPS reflected signals[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2014, 53(11):1623-1633.
[24]戴凯阳,张双成,李振宇,等.利用GPS的SNR观测值进行雪深监测研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2016,36(06):525-528.
[25] Katzberg S J, Torres O, Grant M S,et al. Utilizing calibrated GPS reflected signals to estimate soil reflectivity and dielectric constant:Results from SMEX02[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2006, 100(1):17-28.
[26]敖敏思,胡友健,刘亚东,等. GPS信噪比观测值的土壤湿度变化趋势反演[J].测绘科学报,2012,29(2):140-143.
[27]吴继忠,杨荣华.利用GPS接收机反射信号测量水面高度[J].大地测量与地球动力学, 2012,32(6):135-138.
[2]侯小刚,张璞,郑照军,等.基于多源数据的阿勒泰地区雪深反演研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(1):178-185.
[3]于惠,张学通,王玮,等.基于AMSR-E数据的青海省雪深遥感监测模型及其精度评价[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(2):255-261.
[4]李震,邵雨阳,周建民,等.基于MEMLS模型的积雪深度反演方法[J].遥感学报,2013,17(3):657-670.
[5]蒋玲梅,王培,张立新,等.FY3B-MWRI中国区域雪深反演算法改进[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(3):531-547.
[6]周胜男,车涛,戴礼云,等.基于地面站点类型代表性的积雪遥感产品精度评价[J].遥感技术与应用,2017,32(2):228-237.
[7] Larson K M,Gutmann E D,Zavorotny V U,et al. Can we measure snow depth with GPS receivers[J] Geophsical Research Letters.2009,17(1):1-5
[8] Ozeki M, Heki K. GPS snow depth meter with geometryfree linear combinations of carrier phases[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2012, 86(3):209-219.
[9] Hefty J, Gerhatova L. Experience with snow depth sensing using GPS multipath gained at some permanent stations in Central Europe[C]//EGU General Assembly Conference.EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2013.
[10] Yu K, Ban W, Zhang X, et al. Snow depth estimation based on multipath phase combination of GPS triplefrequency signals[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing, 2015, 53(9):5100-5109.
[11] Dai K Y, Zhang S C. Preliminary research on snow depth monitoring with GPS SNR([C]//China Satellite Navigation Conference(CSNC)2016 Proceedings:Volume II. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016:71-84.
[12] Jin Shuanggen,Qian Xiaodong,Kutoglu Hakan,et al.Snow depth variations estimated from GPS-Reflectometry:a case study in Alaska from L2P SNR data.[J]. Remote Sensing,2016, 8(1):63.DOI:10.3390/rs 8010063
[13]张双成,戴凯阳,刘凯,等. GPS-MR技术用于降雪厚度监测研究[J].地球物理学进展,2016, 31(4):1879-1884.
[14]刘智康,安家春,冯鱼,等.基于GNSS-R技术的北极黄河站雪深反演研究[J].华东交通大学学报, 2016, 33(5):81-86.
[15] Larson K M,Nievinski F G. GPS snow sensing:Results from the Earth Scope Plate Boundary Observatory[J]. GPS Solutions. 2013, 17:41-52.
[16]杨东凯,刘毅,王峰.星载GNSS-R海面风速反演方法研究[J].电子与信息学报,2018,40(2):462-469.
[17]杨磊.GNSS-R农田土壤湿度反演方法研究[J].测绘学报,2018,47(1):134.
[18]李彬彬,张云,杨树瑚,等.单天线GNSS反射信号的积雪厚度反演[J].全球定位系统,2016,41(6):37-41,54.
[19] MARTIN-NEIRA M. A passive reflectometry and interferometry system(PARIS):application to ocean altimetry[J]. ESA Journal, 1993, 17(4):331-335.
[20] Larson K M, Palo S, Roesler C, et al. Detection of plumes at Redoubt and Etna volcanoes using the GPS SNR method[J]. Journal of Volcanology&Geothermal Research, 2017.
[21] Liu L, Larson K M. Decadal changes of surface elevation over permafrost area estimated using reflected GPS signals[J]. Cryosphere, 2018, 12(2):1-22.
[22]王泽民,刘智康,安家春,等.基于GPS和北斗信噪比观测值的雪深反演及其误差分析[J].测绘学报,2018,47(1):8-16.
[23] Jin S, Najibi N. Sensing snow height and surface temperature variations in Greenland from GPS reflected signals[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2014, 53(11):1623-1633.
[24]戴凯阳,张双成,李振宇,等.利用GPS的SNR观测值进行雪深监测研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2016,36(06):525-528.
[25] Katzberg S J, Torres O, Grant M S,et al. Utilizing calibrated GPS reflected signals to estimate soil reflectivity and dielectric constant:Results from SMEX02[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2006, 100(1):17-28.
[26]敖敏思,胡友健,刘亚东,等. GPS信噪比观测值的土壤湿度变化趋势反演[J].测绘科学报,2012,29(2):140-143.
[27]吴继忠,杨荣华.利用GPS接收机反射信号测量水面高度[J].大地测量与地球动力学, 2012,32(6):135-138.