包膜尿素不同配比减施对土壤无机氮含量及玉米氮素吸收的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究包膜尿素与普通尿素不同配施比例对氮素释放及玉米氮素吸收的影响,旨在筛选有利于东北春玉米高产及氮素高效利用的包膜肥料与普通尿素比例,为控释氮肥在东北地区春玉米生产上的推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】2017年在辽宁省沈阳市和海城市两地以当地主栽品种东单6531和铁研358开展田间试验。供试肥料:树脂包膜尿素和普通尿素。两个试验区均设置了不施氮处理(CK0)、普通尿素常规施氮量(CK)和减氮对照处理(CK1)、树脂包膜尿素较CK减氮处理(T0);沈阳试验区还设置了3个树脂包膜尿素与普通尿素不同配比及减氮处理(T1、T2、T3),海城试验区设置了两个处理(T1、T2)。T1、T2、T3处理包膜尿素和普通尿素的配施比例分别为8﹕2、6﹕4、4﹕6;沈阳试验区常规氮肥用量为244 kg·hm~(-2),减氮处理施氮量为220 kg·hm~(-2);海城试验区常规氮肥用量为217 kg·hm~(-2),减氮处理施氮量为195 kg·hm~(-2)。玉米生长季内各生育时期分别采集土壤和植株样品,测定土壤无机氮含量和植株不同部位养分含量,每个小区单独采收记录产量。【结果】包膜尿素与普通尿素配施能显著提高玉米产量(P<0.05),且随着配施比例的增加,产量呈先增加后降低趋势,其中T2处理的玉米产量最高(10 250 kg·hm~(-2)),CK1产量最低(9 307 kg·hm~(-2))。在等氮素条件下,玉米产量表现为T2>T3>T1>T0>CK1,籽粒产量较CK1处理增产幅度为3.89%—25.76%。在减氮10%条件下,T2处理产量与CK处理相比差异不显著。包膜尿素与普通尿素配施能显著提高玉米生育前期土壤中无机氮含量,树脂包膜尿素可以为玉米中后期生长提供氮源,且在等氮条件下,随着包膜肥料与普通尿素配比增加,氮素表观利用率和氮肥农学效益均呈先升高后降低趋势,其中均以T2处理最高,CK1处理最低,两地结果一致。【结论】包膜尿素与普通尿素配施处理的春玉米产量、氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效益均优于普通尿素处理,其中以T2处理包膜尿素与普通尿素配比为6﹕4,效果最好;根据两种肥料不同时期的释放特点,通过拟合曲线,在辽中南地区,当62%包膜尿素搭配38%普通尿素条件下,产量、氮素表观利用率和经济效益最高且最合理,可以充分发挥普通尿素和包膜肥料优势,可有效增加春玉米中后期土壤无机氮供应能力,获得显著的增产效果,提高经济效益。
【Objective】By studying the effects of nitrogen releasing and nitrogen absorbing by maize under the application of different ratios with coated urea and ordinary urea,this paper aimed to screen the optimal ratio,which was beneficial to the outputs of spring maize in the northeast China and nitrogen utilization efficiency,and to provide the basis for the generalizing of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on maize.【Method】Field experiments were set in Shenyang and Haicheng of Liaoning province in 2017,and crop strains were Dongdan6531 and Tieyan358,respectively.The experiment fertilizers were ordinary and coated urea.The treatments in both set points included blank control(CK0),ordinary urea nitrogen control(CK)and decreased urea N control treatments(CK1),decreased coated urea N control(T0)compared with(CK)treatments;three different ratios urea between ordinary and coated were arranged in Shenyang(T1,T2 and T3)and two in Haicheng(T1 and T2).The ratios of T1,T2 and T3 were 8﹕2,6﹕4 and 4﹕6,respectively;the ordinary urea control rate was 244 kg·hm~(-2) and decreased coated urea N control was 220 kg·hm~(-2) in Shenyang and that were 217 kg·hm~(-2) and 195 kg·hm~(-2) in Haicheng,respectively.Soil and plant samples were collected according to the maize growing season,respectively.Determination of the content of soil inorganic nitrogen and different plant parts nutrient,and the biological yield of different treatments were also measured.【Result】The treatments of coated urea plus the ordinary increased the maize yield significantly(P<0.05),and with the ratio increasing,the yield first rise and then drop.The yield of T2 was the highest(10 250 kg·hm~(-2)),and CK1 was the lowest(9 307 kg·hm~(-2)).The yields of equal N inputting treatments were in the order as T2>T3>T1>T0>CK1,and the grain yield increased 3.89%-25.76%compare to CK1,but there was no significant difference between T2and CK.The soil inorganic N content was increased at the early maize growth stage applying with either type urea,and the soil N content was rich at the late maize growth stage applying with coated urea.Under the same N input treatments,the N use efficiency(NUE)and agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer(AEN)applied first rise and then drop with the ratio increasing,and T2 was the highest,CK1 was the lowest,the results in different place was the same.【Conclusion】Coated urea plus ordinary urea performed better than other treatments on yield,AEN and NUE,and T2(i.e.6﹕4 of the coated and ordinary urea)was the best.According to the characteristics of coated urea and ordinary urea,we fitted a curve for those results,and made it to know that 62%coated urea plus38%ordinary urea input could get the best NUE and maize yield in South Central Liaoning,which could increase soil N content at the late of crop growth stage by using coated urea and ordinary urea to their advantages fully,gaining yield and economic benefits.
【Objective】By studying the effects of nitrogen releasing and nitrogen absorbing by maize under the application of different ratios with coated urea and ordinary urea,this paper aimed to screen the optimal ratio,which was beneficial to the outputs of spring maize in the northeast China and nitrogen utilization efficiency,and to provide the basis for the generalizing of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on maize.【Method】Field experiments were set in Shenyang and Haicheng of Liaoning province in 2017,and crop strains were Dongdan6531 and Tieyan358,respectively.The experiment fertilizers were ordinary and coated urea.The treatments in both set points included blank control(CK0),ordinary urea nitrogen control(CK)and decreased urea N control treatments(CK1),decreased coated urea N control(T0)compared with(CK)treatments;three different ratios urea between ordinary and coated were arranged in Shenyang(T1,T2 and T3)and two in Haicheng(T1 and T2).The ratios of T1,T2 and T3 were 8﹕2,6﹕4 and 4﹕6,respectively;the ordinary urea control rate was 244 kg·hm~(-2) and decreased coated urea N control was 220 kg·hm~(-2) in Shenyang and that were 217 kg·hm~(-2) and 195 kg·hm~(-2) in Haicheng,respectively.Soil and plant samples were collected according to the maize growing season,respectively.Determination of the content of soil inorganic nitrogen and different plant parts nutrient,and the biological yield of different treatments were also measured.【Result】The treatments of coated urea plus the ordinary increased the maize yield significantly(P<0.05),and with the ratio increasing,the yield first rise and then drop.The yield of T2 was the highest(10 250 kg·hm~(-2)),and CK1 was the lowest(9 307 kg·hm~(-2)).The yields of equal N inputting treatments were in the order as T2>T3>T1>T0>CK1,and the grain yield increased 3.89%-25.76%compare to CK1,but there was no significant difference between T2and CK.The soil inorganic N content was increased at the early maize growth stage applying with either type urea,and the soil N content was rich at the late maize growth stage applying with coated urea.Under the same N input treatments,the N use efficiency(NUE)and agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer(AEN)applied first rise and then drop with the ratio increasing,and T2 was the highest,CK1 was the lowest,the results in different place was the same.【Conclusion】Coated urea plus ordinary urea performed better than other treatments on yield,AEN and NUE,and T2(i.e.6﹕4 of the coated and ordinary urea)was the best.According to the characteristics of coated urea and ordinary urea,we fitted a curve for those results,and made it to know that 62%coated urea plus38%ordinary urea input could get the best NUE and maize yield in South Central Liaoning,which could increase soil N content at the late of crop growth stage by using coated urea and ordinary urea to their advantages fully,gaining yield and economic benefits.
引文
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