生物炭对潮土磷有效性、小麦产量及吸磷量的影响
|
摘要
为探究玉米秸秆生物炭对潮土磷素有效性、小麦产量及吸磷量的影响,采用室内盆栽试验,在潮土中添加0、0.2%、1.0%和5.0%(即CK、MB_(0.2)、MB_(1.0)、MB_(5.0)处理)4个水平的生物炭,分析了不同生物炭用量下潮土磷素有效性、小麦产量及磷素吸收的变化特征。结果表明,随着时间的推移,同一处理下土壤有效磷(AP)含量均逐渐减少,但总体变化不大。在3个关键生育期,土壤AP含量均随生物炭用量的增加而增加;与CK处理相比,成熟期MB_(0.2)、MB_(1.0)和MB_(5.0)处理的土壤AP含量分别显著增加了11.3%、30.5%和167.1%。土壤AP含量与土壤pH、电导率(EC)及有机碳(SOC)含量呈极显著正相关,与土壤磷酸酶活性则呈显著负相关。研究还发现,MB_(1.0)和MB_(5.0)处理产量较CK均显著增加,其中MB_(1.0)处理产量增幅最大,达33.7%。小麦收获后,籽粒磷含量、吸磷量随生物炭用量的增加而增加,其中MB_(5.0)处理的籽粒磷含量和吸磷量均显著高于其它处理,增幅范围分别为21.4%～30.8%、23.0%～68.9%;而处理间植株磷含量和吸收量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。因此,施入中、高量(MB_(1.0)、MB_(5.0))生物炭有利于提高潮土磷素有效性、小麦产量及籽粒磷素吸收。
The objectives of this study were to explore the effect of maize straw biochar on soil phosphorus(P)availability,wheat yield and P uptake in a fluvo-aquic soil.In this study,a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the variation characteristics of P availability,wheat yield and P uptake under the application of biochar at ratios of 0,0.2%,1.0% and5.0%(i.e.,CK,MB_(0.2),MB_(1.0) and MB_(5.0)).The results showed that the soil available P(AP)content in each treatment decreased gradually over time,but there was no significant difference.In three growth periods,soil AP contents increased with the increase of biochar rates.The soil AP content increased in the MB_(0.2),MB_(1.0) and MB_(5.0) treatments by 11.3%,30.5%and 167.1% compared with CK treatment,respectively.The soil AP content was positively correlated with soil pH,electrical conductivity(EC)and soil organic carbon(SOC)contents,and negatively correlated with soil phosphatase activity.The results also found that grain yield increased significantly in the MB_(1.0) and MB_(5.0) treatments compared with CK,and the MB_(1.0) treatment showed the largest increase in yield by 33.7%.After wheat harvest,P content and uptake by the grain increased with the increase of biochar rates.The P content and uptake by the grain were significantly higher in the MB_(5.0) treatment than other treatments,ranging from 21.4% to 30.8% and 23.0% to 68.9%,respectively.However,there was no significant difference in P content and uptake by the plant among treatments(P>0.05).Therefore,the application of biochar at medium and high rates(MB_(1.0) and MB_(5.0))were beneficial to improve the soil P availability,grain P uptake and yield.
The objectives of this study were to explore the effect of maize straw biochar on soil phosphorus(P)availability,wheat yield and P uptake in a fluvo-aquic soil.In this study,a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the variation characteristics of P availability,wheat yield and P uptake under the application of biochar at ratios of 0,0.2%,1.0% and5.0%(i.e.,CK,MB_(0.2),MB_(1.0) and MB_(5.0)).The results showed that the soil available P(AP)content in each treatment decreased gradually over time,but there was no significant difference.In three growth periods,soil AP contents increased with the increase of biochar rates.The soil AP content increased in the MB_(0.2),MB_(1.0) and MB_(5.0) treatments by 11.3%,30.5%and 167.1% compared with CK treatment,respectively.The soil AP content was positively correlated with soil pH,electrical conductivity(EC)and soil organic carbon(SOC)contents,and negatively correlated with soil phosphatase activity.The results also found that grain yield increased significantly in the MB_(1.0) and MB_(5.0) treatments compared with CK,and the MB_(1.0) treatment showed the largest increase in yield by 33.7%.After wheat harvest,P content and uptake by the grain increased with the increase of biochar rates.The P content and uptake by the grain were significantly higher in the MB_(5.0) treatment than other treatments,ranging from 21.4% to 30.8% and 23.0% to 68.9%,respectively.However,there was no significant difference in P content and uptake by the plant among treatments(P>0.05).Therefore,the application of biochar at medium and high rates(MB_(1.0) and MB_(5.0))were beneficial to improve the soil P availability,grain P uptake and yield.
引文
[1]Bouwman L,Goldewijk K K,Van D H K W,et al.Exploring global changes in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in agriculture induced by livestock production over the 1900-2050 period[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2013,110(52):20882-20887.
[2]Gransee A,Merbach W.Phosphorus dynamics in a long-term P fertilization trial on Luvic Phaeozem at Halle[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2000,163(4):353-357.
[3]马进川.我国农田磷素平衡的时空变化与高效利用途径[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018.
[4]刘晓永.中国农业生产中的养分平衡与需求研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018.
[5]闫湘,金继运,梁鸣早.我国主要粮食作物化肥增产效应与肥料利用效率[J].土壤,2017,49(6):1067-1077.
[6]宋丹,王吉磊.外源植酸酶对土壤磷酸酶活性和有效磷含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(5):15-17.
[7]丁文成,李书田,黄绍敏.氮肥管理和秸秆腐熟剂对15N标记玉米秸秆氮有效性与去向的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(14):2725-2736.
[8]史思伟,娄翼来,杜章留,等.生物炭的10年土壤培肥效应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(6):16-22.
[9]Srinivasan P,Sarmah A K,Smernik R,et al.A feasibility study of agricultural and sewage biomass as biochar,bioenergy and biocomposite feedstock:Production,characterization and potential applications[J].Science of The Total Environment,2015,512-513:495-505.
[10]Wrobeltobiszewska A,Boersma M,Sargison J,et al.Nutrient changes in potting mix and Eucalyptus nitens leaf tissue under macadamia biochar amendments[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2018,29(2):1-11.
[11]刘玉学,唐旭,杨生茂,等.生物炭对土壤磷素转化的影响及其机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1690-1695.
[12]Song D L,Tang J W,Xi X Y,et al.Responses of soil nutrients and microbial activities to additions of maize straw biochar and chemical fertilization in a calcareous soil[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2018,84:1-10.
[13]Zhai L M,Caiji Z M,Liu J,et al.Short-term effects of maize residue biochar on phosphorus availability in two soils with different phosphorus sorption capacities[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2015,51(1):113-122.
[14]Xu G,Sun J N,Shao H B,et al,Biochar had effects on phosphorus sorption and desorption in three soils with differing acidity[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,62:54-60.
[15]Li S L,Shangguan Z P.Positive effects of apple branch biochar on wheat yield only appear at a low application rate,regardless of nitrogen and water conditions[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2018,18(11):3235-3243.
[16]Wang L,Li L Q,Cheng K,et al.An assessment of emergy,energy,and cost-benefits of grain production over 6 years following a biochar amendment in a rice paddy from China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(10):9683-9696.
[17]Zwieten L V,Kimber S,Morris S,et al.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J].Plant and Soil,2010,327(1-2):235-246.
[18]Jeffery S,Verheijen F G A,Velde M V D,et al.A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2011,144(1):175-187.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.14-97.
[20]Wang X B,Zhou W,Liang G Q,et al.Characteristics of maize biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures and its effects on organic carbon,nitrogen and enzymatic activities after addition to fluvo-aquic soil[J].Science of The Total Environment,2015,538:137-144.
[21]Song D L,Xi X Y,Huang S M,et al.Short-term responses of soil respiration and C-cycle enzyme activities to additions of biochar and urea in a calcareous soil[J].Plos One,2016,11(9):e0161694.
[22]Zhang Y L,Chen L J,Zhang Y G,et al.Examining the effects of biochar application on soil phosphorus levels and phosphatase activities with visible and fluorescence spectroscopy[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2016,36(7):2325-2329.
[23]Gundale M J,Deluca T H.Temperature and source material influence ecological attributes of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir charcoal[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006,231(1-3):86-93.
[24]周丽丽,李婧楠,米彩红,等.秸秆生物炭输入对冻融期棕壤磷有效性的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):171-179.
[25]Amin A A.Phosphorus dynamics and corn growth under applications of corn stalks biochar in a clay soil[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2018,11(14):379.
[26]张国秀,赵允格,许明祥,等.黄土丘陵区生物结皮对土壤磷素有效性及碱性磷酸酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):621-628.
[27]Soinne H,Hovi J,Tammeorg P,et al.Effect of biochar on phosphorus sorption and clay soil aggregate stability[J].Geoderma,2014,219-220:162-167.
[28]Zhao X R,Li D,Kong J,et al.Does biochar addition influence the change points of soil phosphorus leaching?[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13(3):499-506.
[29]郎印海,王慧,刘伟.柚皮生物炭对土壤中磷吸附能力的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(4):78-84.
[30]Shi R Y,Li J Y,Jiang J,et al.Incorporation of corn straw biochar inhibited the re-acidification of four acidic soils derived from different parent materials[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(10):9662-9672.
[31]Liu X H,Zhang X C.Effect of biochar on pH of alkaline soils in the Loess Plateau:results from incubation experiments[M].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2012,14:975-979.
[32]才吉卓玛.生物炭对不同类型土壤中磷有效性的影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[33]靖彦,陈效民,刘祖香,等.生物黑炭与无机肥料配施对旱作红壤有效磷含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(4):989-994.
[34]邱莉萍,刘军,王益权,等.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):277-280.
[35]王玲,贾俊香,张毅,等.生物炭对山西雨养旱地土壤肥力与酶活性的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(12):884-889.
[36]陈心想,耿增超,王森,等.施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(4):751-758.
[37]尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.生物炭对土壤酶活性和糜子产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):146-151.
[38]金熠.增施猪粪及猪粪生物炭对稻田土壤磷素迁移转化的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[39]Asai H,Samson B K,Stephan H M,et al.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos:1.Soil physical properties,leaf SPAD and grain yield[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(1-2):81-84.
[40]曲博.湿地土壤磷酸酶活性对土壤有机磷形态转化的影响研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[41]Jin Y,Liang X,He M,et al.Manure biochar influence upon soil properties,phosphorus distribution and phosphatase activities:A microcosm incubation study[J].Chemosphere,2015,142:128-135.
[42]Zhang A F,Liu Y M,Pan G X,et al.Effect of biochar amendment on maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a soil organic carbon poor calcareous loamy soil from Central China Plain[J].Plant and Soil,2012,351(1-2):263-275.
[43]刘赛男.生物炭影响土壤磷素、钾素有效性的微生态机制[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.
[44]Niu Y H,Chen Z M,Müller C,et al.Yield-scaled N2Oemissions were effectively reduced by biochar amendment of sandy loam soil under maize-Wheat rotation in the North China Plain[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,170:58-70.
[45]李帅霖,上官周平.生物炭对不同水氮条件下小麦产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(2):8-15.
[2]Gransee A,Merbach W.Phosphorus dynamics in a long-term P fertilization trial on Luvic Phaeozem at Halle[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2000,163(4):353-357.
[3]马进川.我国农田磷素平衡的时空变化与高效利用途径[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018.
[4]刘晓永.中国农业生产中的养分平衡与需求研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018.
[5]闫湘,金继运,梁鸣早.我国主要粮食作物化肥增产效应与肥料利用效率[J].土壤,2017,49(6):1067-1077.
[6]宋丹,王吉磊.外源植酸酶对土壤磷酸酶活性和有效磷含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(5):15-17.
[7]丁文成,李书田,黄绍敏.氮肥管理和秸秆腐熟剂对15N标记玉米秸秆氮有效性与去向的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(14):2725-2736.
[8]史思伟,娄翼来,杜章留,等.生物炭的10年土壤培肥效应[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,(6):16-22.
[9]Srinivasan P,Sarmah A K,Smernik R,et al.A feasibility study of agricultural and sewage biomass as biochar,bioenergy and biocomposite feedstock:Production,characterization and potential applications[J].Science of The Total Environment,2015,512-513:495-505.
[10]Wrobeltobiszewska A,Boersma M,Sargison J,et al.Nutrient changes in potting mix and Eucalyptus nitens leaf tissue under macadamia biochar amendments[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2018,29(2):1-11.
[11]刘玉学,唐旭,杨生茂,等.生物炭对土壤磷素转化的影响及其机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1690-1695.
[12]Song D L,Tang J W,Xi X Y,et al.Responses of soil nutrients and microbial activities to additions of maize straw biochar and chemical fertilization in a calcareous soil[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2018,84:1-10.
[13]Zhai L M,Caiji Z M,Liu J,et al.Short-term effects of maize residue biochar on phosphorus availability in two soils with different phosphorus sorption capacities[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2015,51(1):113-122.
[14]Xu G,Sun J N,Shao H B,et al,Biochar had effects on phosphorus sorption and desorption in three soils with differing acidity[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,62:54-60.
[15]Li S L,Shangguan Z P.Positive effects of apple branch biochar on wheat yield only appear at a low application rate,regardless of nitrogen and water conditions[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2018,18(11):3235-3243.
[16]Wang L,Li L Q,Cheng K,et al.An assessment of emergy,energy,and cost-benefits of grain production over 6 years following a biochar amendment in a rice paddy from China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(10):9683-9696.
[17]Zwieten L V,Kimber S,Morris S,et al.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J].Plant and Soil,2010,327(1-2):235-246.
[18]Jeffery S,Verheijen F G A,Velde M V D,et al.A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2011,144(1):175-187.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.14-97.
[20]Wang X B,Zhou W,Liang G Q,et al.Characteristics of maize biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures and its effects on organic carbon,nitrogen and enzymatic activities after addition to fluvo-aquic soil[J].Science of The Total Environment,2015,538:137-144.
[21]Song D L,Xi X Y,Huang S M,et al.Short-term responses of soil respiration and C-cycle enzyme activities to additions of biochar and urea in a calcareous soil[J].Plos One,2016,11(9):e0161694.
[22]Zhang Y L,Chen L J,Zhang Y G,et al.Examining the effects of biochar application on soil phosphorus levels and phosphatase activities with visible and fluorescence spectroscopy[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2016,36(7):2325-2329.
[23]Gundale M J,Deluca T H.Temperature and source material influence ecological attributes of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir charcoal[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006,231(1-3):86-93.
[24]周丽丽,李婧楠,米彩红,等.秸秆生物炭输入对冻融期棕壤磷有效性的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):171-179.
[25]Amin A A.Phosphorus dynamics and corn growth under applications of corn stalks biochar in a clay soil[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2018,11(14):379.
[26]张国秀,赵允格,许明祥,等.黄土丘陵区生物结皮对土壤磷素有效性及碱性磷酸酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):621-628.
[27]Soinne H,Hovi J,Tammeorg P,et al.Effect of biochar on phosphorus sorption and clay soil aggregate stability[J].Geoderma,2014,219-220:162-167.
[28]Zhao X R,Li D,Kong J,et al.Does biochar addition influence the change points of soil phosphorus leaching?[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13(3):499-506.
[29]郎印海,王慧,刘伟.柚皮生物炭对土壤中磷吸附能力的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(4):78-84.
[30]Shi R Y,Li J Y,Jiang J,et al.Incorporation of corn straw biochar inhibited the re-acidification of four acidic soils derived from different parent materials[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(10):9662-9672.
[31]Liu X H,Zhang X C.Effect of biochar on pH of alkaline soils in the Loess Plateau:results from incubation experiments[M].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2012,14:975-979.
[32]才吉卓玛.生物炭对不同类型土壤中磷有效性的影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[33]靖彦,陈效民,刘祖香,等.生物黑炭与无机肥料配施对旱作红壤有效磷含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(4):989-994.
[34]邱莉萍,刘军,王益权,等.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):277-280.
[35]王玲,贾俊香,张毅,等.生物炭对山西雨养旱地土壤肥力与酶活性的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(12):884-889.
[36]陈心想,耿增超,王森,等.施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(4):751-758.
[37]尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.生物炭对土壤酶活性和糜子产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):146-151.
[38]金熠.增施猪粪及猪粪生物炭对稻田土壤磷素迁移转化的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[39]Asai H,Samson B K,Stephan H M,et al.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos:1.Soil physical properties,leaf SPAD and grain yield[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(1-2):81-84.
[40]曲博.湿地土壤磷酸酶活性对土壤有机磷形态转化的影响研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[41]Jin Y,Liang X,He M,et al.Manure biochar influence upon soil properties,phosphorus distribution and phosphatase activities:A microcosm incubation study[J].Chemosphere,2015,142:128-135.
[42]Zhang A F,Liu Y M,Pan G X,et al.Effect of biochar amendment on maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a soil organic carbon poor calcareous loamy soil from Central China Plain[J].Plant and Soil,2012,351(1-2):263-275.
[43]刘赛男.生物炭影响土壤磷素、钾素有效性的微生态机制[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.
[44]Niu Y H,Chen Z M,Müller C,et al.Yield-scaled N2Oemissions were effectively reduced by biochar amendment of sandy loam soil under maize-Wheat rotation in the North China Plain[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,170:58-70.
[45]李帅霖,上官周平.生物炭对不同水氮条件下小麦产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(2):8-15.