准噶尔盆地北缘的早期原互棱齿象和皇冠鹿的化石记录及其对中国山旺阶的地层学意义（英文）
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摘要
中国新近纪哺乳动物年代序列的研究已经有了很大的进展,然而,山旺期早期(20～18Ma)的哺乳动物化石记录却非常缺乏。报道了新疆准噶尔盆地北缘吃巴尔我义东地点索索泉组上部山旺期早期(18.6 Ma)的化石,包括早期欧亚大陆象类和早期鹿科动物。其中,嵌齿象的M2第二脊具有发育良好的副齿柱三叶,因此可以鉴定为原互棱齿象未定种(Protanancus sp.),属于铲齿象科(Amebelodontidae),形态上比山旺期晚期的短吻原互棱齿象(P. brevirostris)和托氏原互棱齿象(P. tobieni)原始。而鹿科的鹿角化石具有比较小但高的掌状部分,因此被鉴定为皇冠鹿未定种(Stephanocemas sp.),属于柄杯鹿亚科(Lagomerycinae)。通过形态学对比认为,该鹿角在系统演化上非常接近皇冠鹿和柄杯鹿(Lagomeryx)的分化位置,并与原始的卢瓦鹿(Ligeromeryx)相去不远。以往的研究证明,长鼻类和鹿科动物在中国出现在谢家期和山旺期之交,因此,巴尔我义东地点原互棱齿象和皇冠鹿的发现首次提供了在这一地区寻找长鼻类和鹿类的重要线索,并且有可能建立山旺阶的下界层型。新材料的层位过去在中国境内很少发现化石,因此有助于深入理解中国山旺期早期的哺乳动物面貌。
The Chinese Neogene mammalian fauna sequence has been well established, except for a gap in the early Shanwangian(～20–18 Ma) for which there are few known records of fossil mammals in China. Hereby we report on a newly discovered fossiliferous horizon from the upper part of the Suosuoquan Formation(18.6 Ma), Chibaerwoyi East locality, northern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. In this locality, the occurrences of an early Eurasian proboscidean and an early cervid clearly indicate an early Shanwangian Age of the Early Miocene. The proboscidean check teeth are characterized by the well-developed posttrite trefoils on the second lophs. It was identified as Protanancus sp.(Amebelodontidae), which is morphologically more primitive than the late Shanwangian P. brevirostris and P. tobieni. The cervid antler is characterized by the relatively small yet high palm of the antler and relatively short tines. It was identified as Stephanocemas sp.(Lagomerycinae), which is phylogenetically very close to the dichotomy of Stephanocemas and Lagomeryx, and is morphologically close to the more ancestral Ligeromeryx. Previous studies have shown that both proboscideans and cervids occurred at the Xiejian/Shanwangian transition period. Therefore, the new materials of Protanancus sp. and Stephanocemas sp. give important clues to the first appearance data of proboscideans and cervids in this area, which facilitates establishing the lower stratotype of the Chinese Shanwangian. In conclusion, the new findings represent a rarely known stage of mammalian biostratigraphy in China and are helpful for understanding the faunal succession during the early Chinese Shanwangian.
The Chinese Neogene mammalian fauna sequence has been well established, except for a gap in the early Shanwangian(～20–18 Ma) for which there are few known records of fossil mammals in China. Hereby we report on a newly discovered fossiliferous horizon from the upper part of the Suosuoquan Formation(18.6 Ma), Chibaerwoyi East locality, northern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. In this locality, the occurrences of an early Eurasian proboscidean and an early cervid clearly indicate an early Shanwangian Age of the Early Miocene. The proboscidean check teeth are characterized by the well-developed posttrite trefoils on the second lophs. It was identified as Protanancus sp.(Amebelodontidae), which is morphologically more primitive than the late Shanwangian P. brevirostris and P. tobieni. The cervid antler is characterized by the relatively small yet high palm of the antler and relatively short tines. It was identified as Stephanocemas sp.(Lagomerycinae), which is phylogenetically very close to the dichotomy of Stephanocemas and Lagomeryx, and is morphologically close to the more ancestral Ligeromeryx. Previous studies have shown that both proboscideans and cervids occurred at the Xiejian/Shanwangian transition period. Therefore, the new materials of Protanancus sp. and Stephanocemas sp. give important clues to the first appearance data of proboscideans and cervids in this area, which facilitates establishing the lower stratotype of the Chinese Shanwangian. In conclusion, the new findings represent a rarely known stage of mammalian biostratigraphy in China and are helpful for understanding the faunal succession during the early Chinese Shanwangian.
引文
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Azanza B,Menendez E,1989-1990.Los ciervos fósiles del neógeno espa?ol.Paleont Evol,23:75-82
Beliajeva E I,1949.O nakhodke Stephanocemas v Zaisanskoi kotlovine.Tr Paleontol Inst,20:89-93
Beliajeva E I,1974.K istorii tretichnykh muntzhakov Azii.Fauna i stratigrafiya mezozoya i kaynozoya Mongolii.Tr Sovmestn Ross-Mong Paleontol Eksped,1:80-86
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Borissiak A A,1929.On a new direction in the adaptive radiation of mastodonts.Palaeobiologica,2:19-33
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Deng T,Lu X K,Shi Q Q et al.,2014.A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas(Cervidae,Artiodactyla)from the Middle Miocene of the Linxia Basin in Gansu,China.Vert PalAsiat,52(2):171-182
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Kaakinen A,Aziz H A,Passey B H et al.,2015.Age and stratigraphic context of Pliopithecus and associated fauna from Miocene sedimentary strata at Damiao,Inner Mongolia,China.J Asian Earth Sci,100:78-90
Krumbein W C,Aberdeen E,1937.The sediments of Barataria Bay.J Sediment Res,7(1):3-17
Landa E R,Fairchild M D,2005.Charting color from the eye of the beholder.Am Sci,93(5):436-443
Markov G N,Vergiev S,2010.First report of cf.Protanancus(Mammalia,Proboscidea,Amebelodontidae)from Europe.Geodiversitas,32:493-500
Meng J,Ye J,Wu W Y et al.,2006.A recommended boundary stratotype section for Xiejian Stage from northern Junggar Basin:implications to related bio-chronostratigraphy and environmental changes.Vert PalAsiat,44(3):205-236
Meng J,Ye J,Wu W Y et al.,2013.A single-point base definition of the Xiejian Age as an exemplar for refining Chinese Land Mammal Ages.In:Wang X M,Flynn L J,Fortelius M eds.Fossil Mammals of Asia:Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology of Asia.New York:Columbia University Press.124-141
Qiu Z X,Wang B Y,Qiu Z D et al.,2001.Land mammal geochronology and magnetostratigraphy of mid-Tertiary deposits in the Lanzhou Basin,Gansu Province,China.Eclogae Geol Helv,94:373-385
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Sun B Y,Wang X X,Ji M X et al.,2018.Miocene mammalian faunas from Wushan,China and their evolutionary,biochronological,and biogeographic significances.Palaeoworld,27:258-270
Sun J M,Ye J,Wu W Y et al.,2010.Late Oligocene-Miocene mid-latitude aridification and wind patterns in the Asian interior.Geology,38:515-518
Suraprasit K,Chaimanee Y,Bocherens H et al.,2014.Systematics and phylogeny of Middle Miocene Cervidae(Mammalia)from Mae Moh Basin(Thailand)and a paleoenvironmental estimate using enamel isotopy of sympatric herbivore species.J Vert Paleont,34(1):179-194
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Tassy P,1994.Gaps,parsimony,and Early Miocene elephantoids(Mammalia),with a re-evaluation of Gomphotherium annectens(Matsumoto,1925).Zool J Linn Soc,112:101-117
Tassy P,1996.Dental homologies and nomenclature in the Proboscidea.In:Shoshani J,Tassy P eds.The Proboscidea:Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives.Oxford:Oxford University Press.21-25
Tassy P,2014.L’odontologie de Gomphotherium angustidens(Cuvier,1817)(Proboscidea,Mammalia):données issues dugisement d’En Péjouan(Miocène moyen du Gers,France).Geodiversitas,36(1):35-115
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Wang S Q,Deng T,Tang T et al.,2015.Evolution of Protanancus(Proboscidea,Mammalia)in East Asia.J Vert Paleont,35:1-13
Wang S Q,Zong L Y,Yang Q et al.,2016.Biostratigraphic subdividing of the Neogene Dingjiaergou mammalian fauna,Tongxin County,Ningxia Province,and its background for the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.Quat Sci,36(4):789-809
Wang S Q,Deng T,Ye J et al.,2017.Morphological and ecological diversity of Amebelodontidae(Proboscidea,Mammalia)revealed by a Miocene fossil accumulation of an upper-tuskless proboscidean.J Syst Palaeont,15(8):601-615
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Wang X M,Xie G P,Dong W,2009b.A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas(Artiodactyla,Cervidae)from the Middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin,northern Tibetan Plateau,China,and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny.Zool J Linn Soc,156:680-695
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Azanza B,Ginsburg L,1997.A revision of the large lagomerycid artiodactyls of Europe.Palaeontology,40(2):461-485
Azanza B,Menendez E,1989-1990.Los ciervos fósiles del neógeno espa?ol.Paleont Evol,23:75-82
Beliajeva E I,1949.O nakhodke Stephanocemas v Zaisanskoi kotlovine.Tr Paleontol Inst,20:89-93
Beliajeva E I,1974.K istorii tretichnykh muntzhakov Azii.Fauna i stratigrafiya mezozoya i kaynozoya Mongolii.Tr Sovmestn Ross-Mong Paleontol Eksped,1:80-86
Bohlin B,1937.Eine terti?re Saugetier-Fauna aus Tsaidam.Palaeontol Sin Ser C,14:1-111
Borissiak A A,1929.On a new direction in the adaptive radiation of mastodonts.Palaeobiologica,2:19-33
Borissiak A A,Belyaeva E,1928.Trilophodon(Serridentinus?)inopinatus n.sp.from the Jilan?ik Beds of the Turgai Region.Bull Acad Nci URSS,Classe Sci Phys-Math,3:241-252
Deng T,2006.Chinese neogene mammal biochronology.Vert PalAsiat,44(2):143-163
Deng T,Lu X K,Shi Q Q et al.,2014.A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas(Cervidae,Artiodactyla)from the Middle Miocene of the Linxia Basin in Gansu,China.Vert PalAsiat,52(2):171-182
Colbert E H,1936.Tertiary deer discovered by the American Museum Asiatic Expeditions.Am Mus Novit,854:1-21
Gentry A W,R?ssner G E,Heizmann E P J,1999.Suborder Ruminantia.In:R?ssner G E,Heissig K eds.The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe.München:Verlag Dr.Friedrich Pfeil.225-258
Gheerbrant E,Tassy P,2009.L'origine et l'évolution deséléphants.C R Palevol,8:281-294
Ginsburg L,Ukkakimapan Y,1983.Un Cervidénouveau du Miocène d’Asie et l’age des lignites des bassins intramontagneux du nord de la Tha?lande.C R Seances Acad Sci,Ser 2,297:297-300
G?hlich U B,1999.Order Proboscidea.In:R?ssner G E,Heissig K eds.The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe.München:Verlag Dr.Friedrich Pfeil.157-168
Groves C P,2007.Family Cervidae.In:Prothero D R,Foss S E eds.The Evolution of Artiodactyls.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press.249-256
He H Y,Deng C L,Pan Y X et al.,2011.New 40Ar/39Ar dating results from the Shanwang Basin,eastern China:constraints on the age of the Shanwang Formation and associated biota.Phys Earth Planet Inter,187:66-75
Jiangzuo Q G,Li C X,Zhang X X et al.,in press.Diversity of Amphicyonidae(Carnivora,Mammalia)in the Middle Miocene Halamagai Formation in Ulungur River area,Xinjiang,northwestern China.Hist Biol,doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1477142
Kaakinen A,Aziz H A,Passey B H et al.,2015.Age and stratigraphic context of Pliopithecus and associated fauna from Miocene sedimentary strata at Damiao,Inner Mongolia,China.J Asian Earth Sci,100:78-90
Krumbein W C,Aberdeen E,1937.The sediments of Barataria Bay.J Sediment Res,7(1):3-17
Landa E R,Fairchild M D,2005.Charting color from the eye of the beholder.Am Sci,93(5):436-443
Markov G N,Vergiev S,2010.First report of cf.Protanancus(Mammalia,Proboscidea,Amebelodontidae)from Europe.Geodiversitas,32:493-500
Meng J,Ye J,Wu W Y et al.,2006.A recommended boundary stratotype section for Xiejian Stage from northern Junggar Basin:implications to related bio-chronostratigraphy and environmental changes.Vert PalAsiat,44(3):205-236
Meng J,Ye J,Wu W Y et al.,2013.A single-point base definition of the Xiejian Age as an exemplar for refining Chinese Land Mammal Ages.In:Wang X M,Flynn L J,Fortelius M eds.Fossil Mammals of Asia:Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology of Asia.New York:Columbia University Press.124-141
Qiu Z X,Wang B Y,Qiu Z D et al.,2001.Land mammal geochronology and magnetostratigraphy of mid-Tertiary deposits in the Lanzhou Basin,Gansu Province,China.Eclogae Geol Helv,94:373-385
R?ssner G E,2010.Systematics and palaeoecology of Ruminantia(Artiodactyla,Mammalia)from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen(southern Germany,Northern Alpine Foreland Basin).Pal?ont Z,84:123-162
Saegusa H,Thasod Y,Ratanasthien B,2005.Notes on Asian stegodontids.Quat Int,126-128:31-48
Sanders W J,Gheerbrant E,Harris J M et al.,2010.Proboscidea.In:Werdelin L,Sanders W J eds.Cenozoic Mammals of Africa.Berkeley:University of California Press.161-251
Stehlin H G,1937.Bemerkungenüber die miocaenen Hirschgenera Stephanocemas und Lagomeryx.Verh Naturf Gesellsch Basel,48:193-214
Sun B Y,Wang X X,Ji M X et al.,2018.Miocene mammalian faunas from Wushan,China and their evolutionary,biochronological,and biogeographic significances.Palaeoworld,27:258-270
Sun J M,Ye J,Wu W Y et al.,2010.Late Oligocene-Miocene mid-latitude aridification and wind patterns in the Asian interior.Geology,38:515-518
Suraprasit K,Chaimanee Y,Bocherens H et al.,2014.Systematics and phylogeny of Middle Miocene Cervidae(Mammalia)from Mae Moh Basin(Thailand)and a paleoenvironmental estimate using enamel isotopy of sympatric herbivore species.J Vert Paleont,34(1):179-194
Tassy P,1983.Les Elephantoidea Miocènes du Plateau du Potwar,Groups de Siwalik,Pakistan.Ire Partie:Cadre chronologique et géographique,Mammutidés,Amébélodontidés.Ann Paléont,69(2):99-136
Tassy P,1984.Le mastodonteàdentsétroites,le grade trilophodonte et la radiation initiale des Amebelodontinae.In:Buffetaut E,Mazin J M,Salmon E eds.Actes du symposium paléontologique Georges Cuvier.Montbéliard:Impressions le Serpentaire.459-473
Tassy P,1986.Nouveaux Elephantoidea(Proboscidea,Mammalia)dans le Miocène du Kenya:Essai de Réévaluation Systématique.Paris:Cahiers de Paléontologie,éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS).1-135
Tassy P,1990.The“proboscidean datum event:”how many proboscideans and how many events?In:Lindsay E H,Fahlbusch V,Mein P eds.European Neogene Mammal Chronology.New York:Plenum Press.237-252
Tassy P,1994.Gaps,parsimony,and Early Miocene elephantoids(Mammalia),with a re-evaluation of Gomphotherium annectens(Matsumoto,1925).Zool J Linn Soc,112:101-117
Tassy P,1996.Dental homologies and nomenclature in the Proboscidea.In:Shoshani J,Tassy P eds.The Proboscidea:Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives.Oxford:Oxford University Press.21-25
Tassy P,2014.L’odontologie de Gomphotherium angustidens(Cuvier,1817)(Proboscidea,Mammalia):données issues dugisement d’En Péjouan(Miocène moyen du Gers,France).Geodiversitas,36(1):35-115
Teilhard de Chardin P,1939.The Miocene cervids from Shantung.Bull Geol Soc China,19(3):269-278
Tleuberdina F A,Bayshashov B U,Abdrachmanova L T,1993.Rannemiotsenovaya fauna mlekopitayushchikh Dzhungarskogo Alatau(gory Aktau).In:Tleuberdina F A ed.Faunisticheskie I Floristicheskie Kompleksy Mezozoya I Kainozoya Kazahstana.Almaty:Baspager.92-115
Tomida Y,Nakaya H,Saegusa H et al.,2013.Miocene land mammals and stratigraphy of Japan.In:Wang X M,Flynn L J,Fortelius M eds.Fossil Mammals of Asia:Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology of Asia.New York:Columbia University Press.314-333
Wang S Q,He W,Chen S Q,2013.Gomphotheriid mammal Platybelodon from the Middle Miocene of Linxia Basin,Gansu,China.Acta Palaeontol Pol,58(2):221-240
Wang S Q,Deng T,Tang T et al.,2015.Evolution of Protanancus(Proboscidea,Mammalia)in East Asia.J Vert Paleont,35:1-13
Wang S Q,Zong L Y,Yang Q et al.,2016.Biostratigraphic subdividing of the Neogene Dingjiaergou mammalian fauna,Tongxin County,Ningxia Province,and its background for the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.Quat Sci,36(4):789-809
Wang S Q,Deng T,Ye J et al.,2017.Morphological and ecological diversity of Amebelodontidae(Proboscidea,Mammalia)revealed by a Miocene fossil accumulation of an upper-tuskless proboscidean.J Syst Palaeont,15(8):601-615
Wang S Q,Ji X P,Deng T et al.,in press.Yunnan,a refuge for trilophodont proboscideans during the Late Miocene aridification of East Asia.Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.07.034
Wang X M,Qiu Z D,Li Q et al.,2009a.A new Early to Late Miocene fossiliferous region in central Nei Mongol:lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy in Aoerban strata.Vert PalAsiat,47(2):111-134
Wang X M,Xie G P,Dong W,2009b.A new species of crown-antlered deer Stephanocemas(Artiodactyla,Cervidae)from the Middle Miocene of Qaidam Basin,northern Tibetan Plateau,China,and a preliminary evaluation of its phylogeny.Zool J Linn Soc,156:680-695
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