Sm对铸态ZK30镁合金组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响
|
摘要
为提高高强镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,选用Sm作为合金化元素添加到ZK30镁合金中。采用真空感应熔炼炉制备了ZK30-xSm镁合金(x=0%,1%,2%,3%,4%,质量分数),并通过光学金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、静态失重法以及极化曲线等手段和方法,研究了合金的微观组织、成分和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,加Sm镁合金主要由α-Mg基体和Mg41Sm5相组成,添加Sm元素以后,合金组织由树枝晶转变为细小的等轴晶,晶粒细化;产生的Mg41Sm5相减缓了ZK30镁合金在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率,随着Sm含量的增加,腐蚀速率呈先减小后增加的趋势,在Sm含量为1%时,腐蚀速率达到最低,为0.299 5mg/(cm2·h),耐腐蚀性较好,但Sm含量过多时(超过1%),产生了Mg3Sm相,合金的腐蚀速率加快,耐腐蚀性能变差。
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of high strength magnesium alloys,Sm was added as alloying element to ZK30 magnesium alloy.ZK30-xSm magnesium alloy(x=0%,1%,2%,3%,4%,mass fraction)was prepared by vacuum induction melting furnace.The microstructure,composition and corrosion resistance of the alloys were studied by means of optical metallographic microscope(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),EDS,XRD,static weight loss method and polarization curves.The results show that the main phases of Mg-3 Zn-xSm-0.5 Zr alloys includeα-Mg matrix and Mg41 Sm5 phase.After adding element Sm,the alloy structure changes from dendrites to fine equiaxed grains,and grains are refined.The generated Mg41 Sm5 phase slows down the corrosion rate of ZK30 magnesium alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution.However,when the content of Sm increases,the corrosion rate of the alloy decreases first and then increases.When the Sm content is 1%,the corrosion rate reaches a minimum of 0.299 5 mg/(cm2· h),and the corrosion resistance is good,but when the Sm content is excessive(more than 1%),the Mg3 Sm phase produced accelerates the corrosion rate of the alloy,and the corrosion resistance is deteriorated.
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of high strength magnesium alloys,Sm was added as alloying element to ZK30 magnesium alloy.ZK30-xSm magnesium alloy(x=0%,1%,2%,3%,4%,mass fraction)was prepared by vacuum induction melting furnace.The microstructure,composition and corrosion resistance of the alloys were studied by means of optical metallographic microscope(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),EDS,XRD,static weight loss method and polarization curves.The results show that the main phases of Mg-3 Zn-xSm-0.5 Zr alloys includeα-Mg matrix and Mg41 Sm5 phase.After adding element Sm,the alloy structure changes from dendrites to fine equiaxed grains,and grains are refined.The generated Mg41 Sm5 phase slows down the corrosion rate of ZK30 magnesium alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution.However,when the content of Sm increases,the corrosion rate of the alloy decreases first and then increases.When the Sm content is 1%,the corrosion rate reaches a minimum of 0.299 5 mg/(cm2· h),and the corrosion resistance is good,but when the Sm content is excessive(more than 1%),the Mg3 Sm phase produced accelerates the corrosion rate of the alloy,and the corrosion resistance is deteriorated.
引文
[1]XIA X,SANATY ZADEH A,ZHANG C,et al.Therm-odynamic modeling and experimental investigation of the magnesium-zinc-samarium alloys[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2014,593:71-78.
[2]赵虹,王利卿,杨波,等.Zn、Ag对热挤压单相生物镁合金组织和力学性能的影响[J].有色金属工程,2017,7(2):1-5.ZHAO Hong,WANG Liqing,YANG Bo,et al.Effects of Zn and Ag on microstructure and mechanical properties of thermal-extrusion single-phase biological magnesium alloys[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2017,7(2):1-5.
[3]ZENG R C,ZHANG J,HUANG W J,et al.Review of studies on corrosion of magnesium alloys[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2006,16:s763-s771.
[4]CHONG F,MINGZHAO L,YANG H,et al.Effect of Ca on corrosion resistance behavior of as-cast AZ91magnesium alloys[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2015,44(1):41-47.
[5]ESMAILY M,SVENSSON J E,FAJARDO S,et al.Fundamentals and advances in magnesium alloy corrosion[J].Progress in Materials Science,2017,89:92-193.
[6]王浩,文九巴,贺俊光,等.微量稀土Sm对AZ80镁合金腐蚀性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(4):41-45.WANG Hao,WEN Jiuba,HE Junguang,et al.Effect of rare earth element Sm on corrosion resistance of AZ80magnesium alloy[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2013,34(4):41-45.
[7]江民华.稀土元素Sm对AM60镁合金显微组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(4):86-89.JIANG Minhua.Effects of rare earth element Sm on microstructure and corrosion resistance of AM60alloy[J].Hot Working Technology,2015,44(4):86-89.
[8]李全安,陈志,程彬,等.Gd对Mg-Gd-Y-Sm-Zr系稀土镁合金显微组织和抗腐蚀性能的影响[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,2013,41(4):26-29.LI Quan'an,CHEN Zhi,CHENG Bin,et al.Effects of Gd on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-GdY-Sm-Zr rare earth magnesium alloys[J].Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides,2013,41(4):26-29.
[9]吴道高,颜世宏,李宗安,等.稀土Sm对AZ92镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2013,37(2):199-206.WU Daogao,YAN Shihong,LI Zong'an,et al.Effect of samarium on corrosion behavior of as-cast AZ92magnesium alloy[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2013,37(2):199-206.
[10]魏文博.Mg-10%Ca-6%Zn合金力学及腐蚀性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015.WEI Wenbo.Study on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg-6%Zn-10%Ca alloy[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2015.
[11]吴健,郭光平,古文全,等.稀土镧对ZM5铸造镁合金显微组织和性能的影响[J].有色金属工程,2018,8(1):26-31.WU Jian,GUO Guangping,GU Wenquan,et al.Effects of rare earth lanthanum on microstructure and properties of ZM5 casting magnesium alloys[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2008,8(1):26-31.
[12]LIU X,SHAN D,SONG Y,et al.Influence of yttrium element on the corrosion behaviors of Mg-Y binary magnesium alloy[J].Journal of Magnesium and Alloys,2017,5(1):26-34.
[13]XIA X,SUN W,LUO A A,et al.Precipitation evolution and hardening in Mg-Sm-Zn-Zr alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2016,111:335-347.
[14]LUO X,FANG D,LI Q,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of an Mg-4.0Sm-1.0Ca alloy during thermomechanical treatment[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2016,34(11):1134-1138.
[15]YANG Q,BU F,MENG F,et al.The improved effects by the combinative addition of lanthanum and samarium on the microstructures and the tensile properties of high-pressure die-cast Mg-4Al-based alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2015,628:319-326.
[16]YUESHENG C,ZHIGANG G,KANGLE C,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Sm-Ca alloys[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2016,45(2):287-291.
[17]高奇峰.稀土元素对AZ91D镁合金组织与性能的影响研究[J].热加工工艺,2016,45(18):84-86.GAO Qifeng.Study on effects of rare earth element on microstructure and properties of AZ91Dalloy[J].Hot Working Technology,2016,45(18):84-86.
[18]孟凡行.Mg-Zn-Sm-Zr合金的组织及力学性能研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2016.MENG Fanxing.Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Sm-Zr alloys[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2016.
[19]张清,李全安,井晓天,等.稀土Sm在耐热镁合金中的应用[J].铸造,2010,59(3):260-262.ZHANG Qing,LI Quan'an,JING Xiaotian,et al.Application of rare earth Sm to heat resistant magnesium alloy[J].China Foundry,2010,59(3):260-262.
[20]杨晓禹,孙亚肖,毛红奎,等.Sm含量对镁合金组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(6):77-80.YANG Xiaoyu,SUN Yaxiao,MAO Hongkui,et al.Effect of microstructure and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys with Sm[J].Hot Working Technology,2015,44(6):77-80.
[21]SONG G,ATRENS A,JOHN D S,et al.The anodic dissolution of magnesium in chloride and sulphate solutions[J].Corrosion Science,1997,39(10):1981-2004.
[22]白雅,徐春杰.普通凝固与快速凝固ZK60合金的耐蚀性能研究[J].铸造技术,2017,38(10):2335-2338.BAI Ya,XU Chunjie.Study on the corrosion resistant of traditional solidification and rapid solidification ZK60alloys[J].Foundry Technology,2017,38(10):2335-2338.
[23]郭亮.Zr和Nd对镁锌钙合金力学性能和耐蚀性的影响[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.GUO Liang.Effect of Zr and Nd addition on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance performance of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy.Changchun:Jilin University,2014.
[2]赵虹,王利卿,杨波,等.Zn、Ag对热挤压单相生物镁合金组织和力学性能的影响[J].有色金属工程,2017,7(2):1-5.ZHAO Hong,WANG Liqing,YANG Bo,et al.Effects of Zn and Ag on microstructure and mechanical properties of thermal-extrusion single-phase biological magnesium alloys[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2017,7(2):1-5.
[3]ZENG R C,ZHANG J,HUANG W J,et al.Review of studies on corrosion of magnesium alloys[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2006,16:s763-s771.
[4]CHONG F,MINGZHAO L,YANG H,et al.Effect of Ca on corrosion resistance behavior of as-cast AZ91magnesium alloys[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2015,44(1):41-47.
[5]ESMAILY M,SVENSSON J E,FAJARDO S,et al.Fundamentals and advances in magnesium alloy corrosion[J].Progress in Materials Science,2017,89:92-193.
[6]王浩,文九巴,贺俊光,等.微量稀土Sm对AZ80镁合金腐蚀性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(4):41-45.WANG Hao,WEN Jiuba,HE Junguang,et al.Effect of rare earth element Sm on corrosion resistance of AZ80magnesium alloy[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2013,34(4):41-45.
[7]江民华.稀土元素Sm对AM60镁合金显微组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(4):86-89.JIANG Minhua.Effects of rare earth element Sm on microstructure and corrosion resistance of AM60alloy[J].Hot Working Technology,2015,44(4):86-89.
[8]李全安,陈志,程彬,等.Gd对Mg-Gd-Y-Sm-Zr系稀土镁合金显微组织和抗腐蚀性能的影响[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,2013,41(4):26-29.LI Quan'an,CHEN Zhi,CHENG Bin,et al.Effects of Gd on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-GdY-Sm-Zr rare earth magnesium alloys[J].Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides,2013,41(4):26-29.
[9]吴道高,颜世宏,李宗安,等.稀土Sm对AZ92镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2013,37(2):199-206.WU Daogao,YAN Shihong,LI Zong'an,et al.Effect of samarium on corrosion behavior of as-cast AZ92magnesium alloy[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2013,37(2):199-206.
[10]魏文博.Mg-10%Ca-6%Zn合金力学及腐蚀性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015.WEI Wenbo.Study on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg-6%Zn-10%Ca alloy[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2015.
[11]吴健,郭光平,古文全,等.稀土镧对ZM5铸造镁合金显微组织和性能的影响[J].有色金属工程,2018,8(1):26-31.WU Jian,GUO Guangping,GU Wenquan,et al.Effects of rare earth lanthanum on microstructure and properties of ZM5 casting magnesium alloys[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,2008,8(1):26-31.
[12]LIU X,SHAN D,SONG Y,et al.Influence of yttrium element on the corrosion behaviors of Mg-Y binary magnesium alloy[J].Journal of Magnesium and Alloys,2017,5(1):26-34.
[13]XIA X,SUN W,LUO A A,et al.Precipitation evolution and hardening in Mg-Sm-Zn-Zr alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2016,111:335-347.
[14]LUO X,FANG D,LI Q,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of an Mg-4.0Sm-1.0Ca alloy during thermomechanical treatment[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2016,34(11):1134-1138.
[15]YANG Q,BU F,MENG F,et al.The improved effects by the combinative addition of lanthanum and samarium on the microstructures and the tensile properties of high-pressure die-cast Mg-4Al-based alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2015,628:319-326.
[16]YUESHENG C,ZHIGANG G,KANGLE C,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Sm-Ca alloys[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2016,45(2):287-291.
[17]高奇峰.稀土元素对AZ91D镁合金组织与性能的影响研究[J].热加工工艺,2016,45(18):84-86.GAO Qifeng.Study on effects of rare earth element on microstructure and properties of AZ91Dalloy[J].Hot Working Technology,2016,45(18):84-86.
[18]孟凡行.Mg-Zn-Sm-Zr合金的组织及力学性能研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2016.MENG Fanxing.Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Sm-Zr alloys[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2016.
[19]张清,李全安,井晓天,等.稀土Sm在耐热镁合金中的应用[J].铸造,2010,59(3):260-262.ZHANG Qing,LI Quan'an,JING Xiaotian,et al.Application of rare earth Sm to heat resistant magnesium alloy[J].China Foundry,2010,59(3):260-262.
[20]杨晓禹,孙亚肖,毛红奎,等.Sm含量对镁合金组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(6):77-80.YANG Xiaoyu,SUN Yaxiao,MAO Hongkui,et al.Effect of microstructure and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys with Sm[J].Hot Working Technology,2015,44(6):77-80.
[21]SONG G,ATRENS A,JOHN D S,et al.The anodic dissolution of magnesium in chloride and sulphate solutions[J].Corrosion Science,1997,39(10):1981-2004.
[22]白雅,徐春杰.普通凝固与快速凝固ZK60合金的耐蚀性能研究[J].铸造技术,2017,38(10):2335-2338.BAI Ya,XU Chunjie.Study on the corrosion resistant of traditional solidification and rapid solidification ZK60alloys[J].Foundry Technology,2017,38(10):2335-2338.
[23]郭亮.Zr和Nd对镁锌钙合金力学性能和耐蚀性的影响[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.GUO Liang.Effect of Zr and Nd addition on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance performance of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy.Changchun:Jilin University,2014.