昆虫病原线虫和噻虫嗪混用对韭蛆的杀虫效果及其体内保护酶和解毒酶活性的影响
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摘要
【目的】害虫受到病原生物、化学农药作用后,会引起其体内生理生化的变化。本研究旨在阐明昆虫病原线虫和噻虫嗪联合作用下对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga幼虫(韭蛆)的杀虫效果及体内保护酶和解毒酶活性的影响。【方法】采用培养皿滤纸法测定了芫菁夜蛾斯氏线虫Steinernema feltiae SF-SN(Sf)(60头/幼虫)与噻虫嗪(15 mg/L)混用对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫的LT_(50);采用生化分析法比较分析不同时间下两者混用对其幼虫体内酶液蛋白质含量和体内酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)]活性的影响。【结果】Sf与噻虫嗪混用处理韭菜迟眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫,其LT_(50)值为41.05 h,比单独使用Sf(LT_(50):167.93 h)和噻虫嗪(LT_(50):72.82 h)时分别缩短了126.88 h和31.77 h;处理后24-72 h,两者混用时对试虫的校正死亡率均显著高于两者单用,且在处理72 h时,校正死亡率达到96.61%。与对照组相比,两者混用处理后12,24和36 h时,韭蛆体内酶液蛋白质含量分别提高了13.88%,46.87%和57.99%,均显著高于对照组、Sf处理组和噻虫嗪处理组。处理24 h时,两者混用组SOD,CAT,AChE和GTSs活性分别比对照降低了47.48%,28.73%,71.04%和29.97%;处理36 h时,酶活性分别比对照降低了46.34%,42.22%,58.37%和11.87%,均显著低于对照组、Sf处理组和噻虫嗪组,比单剂具有更强的抑制作用。【结论】Sf和噻虫嗪联合作用韭菜迟眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫后,其LT_(50)值比两者单用时显著缩短,且对幼虫体内SOD,CAT,AChE和GSTs活性均具有更强的抑制作用。
【Aim 】 Pathogenic organisms or chemical pesticides can induce the defense responses of insects,and the physiological adaptation of insects might differ under the combined application of pathogenic organisms and chemical pesticides. This study aims to investigate the effects of combinedapplication of entomopathogenic nematodes and thiamethoxam on Bradysia odoriphaga. 【Methods】The LT_(50) value of the combined application of Steinernema feltiae SF-SN strain( Sf)( 60 IJs/larva) and thiamethoxam( 15 mg/L) against the 3 rd instar larvae of B. odoriphaga was determined with filter paper culture method in the laboratory,and its effects on the protein content of enzyme solution and the activities of superoxide dismutase( SOD),catalase( CAT),glutathione-S-transferases( GSTs) and acetylcholinesterase( AChE) in B. odoriphaga larvae at different time after treatment were assayed by biochemical analysis. 【Results 】 The LT_(50) value( 41. 05 h) of the combined application of Sf and thiamethoxam against the 3 rd instar larvae of B. odoriphaga decreased by about 126. 88 h and 31. 77 h,respectively,as compared with those in treatments with the respective single agents with( Sf LT_(50):167. 93 h) and thiamethoxam( LT_(50): 72. 82 h). During 24-72 h after treatment,the corrected mortality rates of B. odoriphaga larvae in the combined treatment group were significantly higher than those in treatments with the respective single agent,and reached the peak( 96. 61%) at 72 h. The protein contents of enzyme solution in B. odoriphaga larvae in the combined treatment group at 12,24 and 36 h after treatment increased by 13. 88%,46. 87% and 57. 99%,respectively,as compared with the control group,and were significantly higher than those in the control group,Sf treatment group and thiamethoxam treatment group. The activities of SOD,CAT,AChE and GTSs in larvae in the combined treatment group decreased by 47. 48%,28. 73%,71. 04% and 29. 97% at 24 h after treatment,and by 46. 34%,42. 22%,58. 37% and 11. 87% at 36 h,respectively,as compared with the control. The activities of the four enzymes in the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group,Sf treatment group and thiamethoxam treatment group at 24 h and 36 h after treatment. 【Conclusion】The LT_(50) value of the combined application of Sf and thiamethoxam against the 3 rd instar larvae of B.odoriphaga is significantly lower than those in treatments with the respective single agent,and the combined treatment can significantly restrain the activities of SOD,CAT,AChE and GTSs in larvae.
【Aim 】 Pathogenic organisms or chemical pesticides can induce the defense responses of insects,and the physiological adaptation of insects might differ under the combined application of pathogenic organisms and chemical pesticides. This study aims to investigate the effects of combinedapplication of entomopathogenic nematodes and thiamethoxam on Bradysia odoriphaga. 【Methods】The LT_(50) value of the combined application of Steinernema feltiae SF-SN strain( Sf)( 60 IJs/larva) and thiamethoxam( 15 mg/L) against the 3 rd instar larvae of B. odoriphaga was determined with filter paper culture method in the laboratory,and its effects on the protein content of enzyme solution and the activities of superoxide dismutase( SOD),catalase( CAT),glutathione-S-transferases( GSTs) and acetylcholinesterase( AChE) in B. odoriphaga larvae at different time after treatment were assayed by biochemical analysis. 【Results 】 The LT_(50) value( 41. 05 h) of the combined application of Sf and thiamethoxam against the 3 rd instar larvae of B. odoriphaga decreased by about 126. 88 h and 31. 77 h,respectively,as compared with those in treatments with the respective single agents with( Sf LT_(50):167. 93 h) and thiamethoxam( LT_(50): 72. 82 h). During 24-72 h after treatment,the corrected mortality rates of B. odoriphaga larvae in the combined treatment group were significantly higher than those in treatments with the respective single agent,and reached the peak( 96. 61%) at 72 h. The protein contents of enzyme solution in B. odoriphaga larvae in the combined treatment group at 12,24 and 36 h after treatment increased by 13. 88%,46. 87% and 57. 99%,respectively,as compared with the control group,and were significantly higher than those in the control group,Sf treatment group and thiamethoxam treatment group. The activities of SOD,CAT,AChE and GTSs in larvae in the combined treatment group decreased by 47. 48%,28. 73%,71. 04% and 29. 97% at 24 h after treatment,and by 46. 34%,42. 22%,58. 37% and 11. 87% at 36 h,respectively,as compared with the control. The activities of the four enzymes in the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group,Sf treatment group and thiamethoxam treatment group at 24 h and 36 h after treatment. 【Conclusion】The LT_(50) value of the combined application of Sf and thiamethoxam against the 3 rd instar larvae of B.odoriphaga is significantly lower than those in treatments with the respective single agent,and the combined treatment can significantly restrain the activities of SOD,CAT,AChE and GTSs in larvae.
引文
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Fallon DJ,Solter LF,Keena M,Manus MM,Cate JR,Hanks LM,2004.Susceptibility of Asian long horned beetle,Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky)(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)to entomopathogenic nematodes.Biol.Control,30(2):430-438.
Gao HH,Zhai YF,Xu N,Qin DY,Ge WB,Yu Y,2016.Defensive responses of Bradysia odoriphaga to inoculation of five species of bacteria.J.Environ.Entomol.,38(3):582-588.[高欢欢,翟一凡,徐楠,覃冬云,葛温伯,于毅,2016.五种细菌侵染后韭菜迟眼蕈蚊体内防御反应的研究.环境昆虫学报,38(3):582-588]
Georgis R,Gaugler R,1991.Predictability in biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes.J.Econ.Entomol.,84(3):713-720.
Jia BT,Hong SS,Zhang YC,Cao YW,2016.Effect of sublethal concentrations of abamectin on protective and detoxifying enzymes in Diagegma semclausum.J.Environ.Entomol.,38(5):990-995.[贾变桃,洪珊珊,张雨超,曹永伟,2016.阿维菌素对半闭弯尾姬蜂保护酶系和解毒酶系的影响.环境昆虫学报,38(5):990-995]
Koppenh9fer AM,Brown IM,Gaugler R,Grewal PS,Kaya HK,Klein MG,2000.Synergism of entomopathogenic nematodes and imidacloprid against white grubs:greenhouse and field evaluation.Biol.Control,19(3):245-251.
Li WX,Yang YT,Xie W,Wu QJ,Xu BY,Wang SL,Zhu X,Wang SJ,Zhang YJ,2015.Effects of temperature on the age-stage,twosex life table of Bradysia odoriphaga(Diptera:Sciaridae).J.Econ.Entomol.,108(1):126-134.
Ma J,Chen SL,Moens M,Han R,De Clercq P,2013.Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes(Rhabditida:Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae)against the chive gnat,Bradysia odoriphaga.J.Pest Sci.,86(3):551-561.
Ren XX,Wang G,Zuo YM,Wang KY,Wang J,2011.The toxicity and effects of sublethal doses on detoxifying enzymes of clothianidin to Myzus persicae(Sulzer)(Hemiptera:Aphididae).Acta Entomol.Sin.,54(3):209-305.[任学祥,王刚,左一鸣,王开运,王杰,2011.噻虫胺对桃蚜的毒力及其亚致死剂量对桃蚜解毒酶系活力的影响.昆虫学报,54(3):209-305]
Ren XY,2014.Screening of Entomopathogenetic Nematodes and Their Virulence to Carposina sasakii Matsumura.MSc Thesis,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei.[任晓亚,2014.桃小食心虫高致病性昆虫病原线虫的分离及其致病机理研究.河北保定:河北农业大学硕士学位论文]
Ren XY,Li N,Wang ZG,Yan AH,2013.Changes of the activities of protective enzymes in Anoplophora glabripenni infected by entomopathogenic nematodes.J.Hebei Agric.Univ.,36(4):97-100.[任晓亚,李宁,王志刚,阎爱华,2013.昆虫病原线虫对光肩星天牛保护酶活性的影响.河北农业大学学报,36(4):97-100]
Shapiro DI,Mc Coy WW,2000.Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes to Diaprepes abbreviatus(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)in the laboratory.J.Econ.Entomol.,93(4):1090-1095.
Sun HY,Liu SS,Xi JH,Tian LL,Liu CQ,Yin J,Cao YZ,Li KB,2014.Effects of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora infection on enzymes activities and energy substances content in white grubs.Chin.J.Biol.Control,30(1):65-72.[孙昊雨,刘树森,席景会,田雷雷,刘春琴,尹姣,曹雅忠,李克斌,2014.蛴螬感染嗜菌异小杆线虫后酶活性和能源物质含量变化.中国生物防治学报,30(1):65-72]
Wang GH,Han RC,Chen JH,Cao L,2007.Combined efficacy of entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae All and pesticide against Rhabdoscelus lineaticollis(Heller).Chin.J.Biol.Control,23(3):218-222.[王果红,韩日畴,陈静华,曹莉,2007.利用昆虫病原线虫与化学农药混用防治褐纹甘薯象.中国生物防治,23(3):218-222]
Wang YD,Xiao C,Yin J,Cao YZ,Li KB,2012.Evaluation of the impacts on infection ability of entomopathogens nematodes to grub,Holotrichia parallela for three chemical pesticides.Chin.J.Biol.Control,28(1):67-73.[王玉东,肖春,尹姣,曹雅忠,李克斌,2012.三种化学杀虫剂对病原线虫侵染暗黑鳃金龟能力的影响.中国生物防治学报,28(1):67-73]
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