生育经历、生活满意度对“80后”已婚育职业群体二孩生育计划的影响
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摘要
目的同步观察生育经历、生活满意度对二孩生育计划的影响,为研究社会心理因素对生育意愿和生育行为的影响机制提供新思路。方法采用横断面现况研究设计、整群抽样方法分别对银川市5家事业单位和5家企业单位中出生日期在1980年1月1日至1990年1月1日的所有在职人员进行调查,获得有效问卷1426份,本次对其中已婚并生育一孩的599人进行分析。结果 37. 01%的"80后"已婚育职业群体有生育二胎打算;多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,一胎生育经历与生育预期越符合的"80后"已婚育职业群体越倾向于要二胎(OR=2.525, 95%CI:1.584～4.026);生活满意度越高的"80后"已婚育职业群体越倾向于要二胎(OR=0.951,95%CI:0.911～0.992);性别(OR=0.395, 95%CI:0.244～0.639)、文化程度(OR=2.366, 95%CI:1. 353～4. 136)、月收入(OR=0.444, 95%CI:0.229～0. 859)也对其二孩生育计划有影响。结论 "80后"已婚育职业群体做出生育二胎抉择不仅会受到基本人口学、一胎生育经历等客观因素的影响,也会受生活满意度等社会心理因素的影响。
Objective To study the influence of childbirth experience and life satisfaction on second childbirth planning among childbearing employees born after 1980, and to learn the effect of social psychological factors on childbirth intention and behaviors. Methods Cross-sectional study design was used to survey 1426 employees who were born from January 1, 1980 to January 1, 1990 and worked in 5 governmental units and 5 enterprises in Yinchuan City. 599 participants who had married and had 1 child were enrolled for analysis. Results The results showed 37. 01% of participants had second childbirth planning. Multinomial logistic regression showed parental experience with first birth( OR = 2. 525, 95% CI:1.584-4.026), the levels of parental life satisfaction(OR=0. 951, 95%CI: 0.911-0.992), gender(OR=0. 395,95% CI: 0.244-0.639), educational level(OR=2. 366, 95% CI: 1.353-4.136) and economic income(OR =0. 444, 95% Cl: 0.229-0.859) were important influencing factors for second childbirth plan. Conclusion The decision to have second childbirth among childbearing employees born after 1980 were not only influenced by social demographic factors and parental experience with first birth, but also by social psychological factors, such as the levels of parental life satisfaction.
Objective To study the influence of childbirth experience and life satisfaction on second childbirth planning among childbearing employees born after 1980, and to learn the effect of social psychological factors on childbirth intention and behaviors. Methods Cross-sectional study design was used to survey 1426 employees who were born from January 1, 1980 to January 1, 1990 and worked in 5 governmental units and 5 enterprises in Yinchuan City. 599 participants who had married and had 1 child were enrolled for analysis. Results The results showed 37. 01% of participants had second childbirth planning. Multinomial logistic regression showed parental experience with first birth( OR = 2. 525, 95% CI:1.584-4.026), the levels of parental life satisfaction(OR=0. 951, 95%CI: 0.911-0.992), gender(OR=0. 395,95% CI: 0.244-0.639), educational level(OR=2. 366, 95% CI: 1.353-4.136) and economic income(OR =0. 444, 95% Cl: 0.229-0.859) were important influencing factors for second childbirth plan. Conclusion The decision to have second childbirth among childbearing employees born after 1980 were not only influenced by social demographic factors and parental experience with first birth, but also by social psychological factors, such as the levels of parental life satisfaction.
引文
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[2] Newman L. How parenthood experiences influence desire for more children in Australia:a qualitative study[J].J Popul Res,2008,25:1-27.
[3]Margolis R,Myrskyla M. Parental well-being surrounding first birth as a determinant of further parity progression[J]. Demography,2015,52(4):1147-1166.
[4]林湘华.育龄妇女生育经历与其意愿生育孩子数的关系分析[J].南方人口,2011,26(6):49-53.
[5]顾宝昌,马小红,茅倬彦.二孩,你会生吗?一生育意愿、生育行为和生育水平关系研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014.
[6]郑真真.低生育水平下的生育意愿研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:167-187.
[7]Diener E. Subjective well-being[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1984,95(3):542-575.
[8]熊承清,许远理.生活满意度量表中文版在民众中使用的信度和效度[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2009,17(8):948-949.
[9]侯佳伟,黄四林,辛自强,等.中国人口生育意愿变迁:1980-2011[J].中国社会科学,2014(4):78-97.
[10] Bongaarts J. Fertility and reproductive preferences in post-transitional societies[J]. Population and Development Review, 2001,27(Suppl):S260-S281.
[11]中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第五次全体会议公报[EB/OL].(2015-10-29)[2018-03-17]. http://www. caixin.com/2015-10-29/100867990. html.