镇江市低影响开发示范区植物群落特征与物种多样性
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摘要
低影响开发示范区植物群落特征与物种多样性是植物群落发挥生态效益的关键,对低影响植物景观的营建与优化提升具有重要意义。以镇江市低影响开发示范区植物群落为研究对象,采用典型样方法、群落数量分析法等对样地群落植物区系、群落数量特征、群落结构因子、群落多样性进行分析。随机设置48个样地,以100 m2标准样地为主,共设样方204个。结果表明:①维管束植物共有181种,隶属于74科147属。乔木层以枫杨Pterocarya stenoptera,樟树Cinnamomum camphora,全缘叶栾树Koelreuteria integrifoliola等为优势种;灌木层以红叶石楠Photinia×fraseri,金森女贞Ligustrum japonicum ‘Howardii’,金丝桃Hypericum monogynum等为优势种;草本层以狗牙根Cynodon dactylon,鸢尾Iris tectorum,麦冬Ophiopogon japonicus等为优势种。②植物群落信息主要集中在乔木性状、灌乔性状比值、灌木多样性、草本性状以及乔木多样性等5个因子的描述上。③对乔木层而言,边缘绿地的多样性指数最高;灌木层各项多样性指数表现为道路绿地>边缘绿地>节点绿地>滨水绿地。④以灌木层物种重要值为数据源进行Q型聚类,根据样地群落外貌和聚类图,可将48个样地群落划分为13个类型。综合而言,各绿地类型物种多样性均表现出灌木>乔木>草本的一致趋势,物种丰富度总体偏低,群落内部结构相对单一。
To build and optimize the plant landscape with low impact development, plant community characteristics and species diversity in a low-impact development demonstration area, being key to ecological benefits of plant communities, were determined. Taking the plant community in the low-impact development demonstration area of Zhenjiang City as the research object, plant, community quantity characteristics, community structural factors, community diversity, and community clustering were analyzed through typical sample and quantitative analysis methods including a cluster analysis and principal factor analysis. 48 sample plots were set randomly with the 100 m2 standard plot as the main plot, and 204 squares were set in total. Results showed(1) There were 74 families, 147 genera, and 181 species of vascular plants. Pterocarya stenoptera, Cinnamomum camphora, and Koelreuteria integrifoliola were the dominant tree species; Photinia × fraseri, Ligustrum japonicum, and Hypericum monogynum were the dominant shrub species; and Cynodon dactylon, Iris tectorum, and Ophiopogon japonicus were the dominant herb species.(2) The plant community was described by five factors: tree characteristics, ratio of tree to shrub traits, shrub diversity, herb characteristics, and tree diversity.(3) For the tree layer, the diversity index of marginal green space was highest. Various diversity indexes of the shrub layer were shown as road green space>marginal green area>node green area>waterfront green area.(4) The importance values of shrub species were also used as data sources for the cluster analysis, which, according to appearance and clustering of the sample community, showed 48 sample land communities that could be divided into 13 types. In conclusion, all green space types showed a consistent species diversity trend: shrub>tree>herb. The species richness was low, and the internal structure of the community was single.
To build and optimize the plant landscape with low impact development, plant community characteristics and species diversity in a low-impact development demonstration area, being key to ecological benefits of plant communities, were determined. Taking the plant community in the low-impact development demonstration area of Zhenjiang City as the research object, plant, community quantity characteristics, community structural factors, community diversity, and community clustering were analyzed through typical sample and quantitative analysis methods including a cluster analysis and principal factor analysis. 48 sample plots were set randomly with the 100 m2 standard plot as the main plot, and 204 squares were set in total. Results showed(1) There were 74 families, 147 genera, and 181 species of vascular plants. Pterocarya stenoptera, Cinnamomum camphora, and Koelreuteria integrifoliola were the dominant tree species; Photinia × fraseri, Ligustrum japonicum, and Hypericum monogynum were the dominant shrub species; and Cynodon dactylon, Iris tectorum, and Ophiopogon japonicus were the dominant herb species.(2) The plant community was described by five factors: tree characteristics, ratio of tree to shrub traits, shrub diversity, herb characteristics, and tree diversity.(3) For the tree layer, the diversity index of marginal green space was highest. Various diversity indexes of the shrub layer were shown as road green space>marginal green area>node green area>waterfront green area.(4) The importance values of shrub species were also used as data sources for the cluster analysis, which, according to appearance and clustering of the sample community, showed 48 sample land communities that could be divided into 13 types. In conclusion, all green space types showed a consistent species diversity trend: shrub>tree>herb. The species richness was low, and the internal structure of the community was single.
引文
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[17]陈勇,孙冰,廖绍波,等.深圳市主要植被群落类型划分及物种多样性研究[J].林业科学研究, 2013, 26(5):636-642.CHEN Yong, SUN Bing, LIAO Shaobo, et al. Classification of main phytocommunity and biodiversity in Shenzhen[J]. For Res, 2013, 26(5):636-642.
[18]胡军飞,许洺山,田文斌,等.浙江普陀山主要林型群落结构特征分析[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2016, 33(5):768-777.HU Junfei, XU Mingshan, TIAN Wenbin, et al. Community structure for main forests in Mount Putuo, Zhejiang Province[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2016, 33(5):768-777.
[19]傅徽楠,严玲璋,张连全,等.上海城市园林植物群落生态结构的研究[J].中国园林, 2000, 16(2):22-25.FU Huinan, YAN Lingzhang, ZHANG Lianquan, et al. Study on ecological structure of the ornamenfal plants community in Shanghai[J]. Chin Landscape Archit, 2000, 16(2):22-25.
[20]陈飞鹏,汪殿蓓,暨淑仪,等.深圳南山区天然植物群落的聚类分析[J].武汉植物学研究, 2001, 19(5):385-390.CHEN Feipeng, WANG Dianbei, JI Shuyi, et al. Clustering analysis on natural plant communities of Nanshan in Shenzhen City[J]. J Wuhan Bot Res, 2001, 19(5):385-390.
[21]杨阳,王晶懋.西北半干旱城市绿地近自然人工植物群落构建研究[J].西北林学院学报, 2018, 33(1):274-280.YANG Yang, WANG Jingmao. Construction of near nature artificial plant community in semi-arid green space of northwestern China[J]. J Northwest For Univ, 2018, 33(1):274-280.
[2] DIETZ M E. Low impact development practices:a review of current research and recommendations for future directions[J]. Water Air Soil Pollut, 2016, 22(4):543-563.
[3] TENG Z, SANSALONE J. In situ partial exfiltration of rainfall runoff.Ⅰ:quality and quantity attenuation[J]. J Environ Eng, 2004, 130(9):990-1007.
[4] CARPENTER D D, KALUVAKOLANU P. Effect of roof surface type on stormwater run-off from full-scale roofs in a temperate climate[J]. J Irrig Drain Eng, 2011, 137(3):161-169.
[5] ZANDERS J M. Road sediment:characterization and implications for the performance of vegetated strips for treating road run-off[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2005, 339(1/3):41-47.
[6] HEFTING M M, CLEMENT J C, BIENKOWSKI P, et al. The role of vegetation and litter in the nitrogen dynamics of riparian buffer zones in Europe[J]. Ecol Eng, 2005, 24(5):465-482.
[7] NAGASE A, DUNNETT N. Amount of water runoff from different vegetation types on extensive green roofs:effects of plant species, diversity and plant structure[J]. Landscape Urban Plann, 2012, 104(3):356-363.
[8] READ J, WEVILL T, FLETCHER T, et al. Variation among plant species in pollutant removal from stormwater in biofiltration systems[J]. Water Res, 2008, 42(4/5):893.
[9]黄婉梅.基于LID技术设施的植物选择与配置研究[D].福州:福建农林大学, 2015.HUANG Wanmei. Research on Plant Selection and Configuration based on LID Technical Facilities[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2015.
[10]王思思,吴文洪.低影响开发雨水设施的植物选择与设计[J].园林, 2015(7):16-20.WANG Sisi, WU Wenhong. Plant selection and design of LID[J]. Garden, 2015(7):16-20.
[11]李国忠.镇江年鉴[M].北京:方志出版社, 1992.
[12]徐馨,朱明伦.镇江地区15 000年以来古植被与古气候变化[J].地理学报, 1984, 39(3):277-284.XU Xin, ZHU Minglun. The vegetational and climatic changes in the Zhenjiang region since 15 000 years B. P.[J].Acta Geogr Sin, 1984, 39(3):277-284.
[13]王玉凤.南京城市滨水公园植物景观研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 2010.WANG Yufeng. Research on Plant Landscape of Nanjing Urban Waterfront Park[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University, 2010.
[14]戎建涛,朱弘,库伟鹏,等.浙江南麂岛主要森林植被群落学特征研究[J].西北林学院学报, 2017, 32(2):294-300.RONG Jiantao, ZHU Hong, KU Weipeng, et al. Characteristics of vegetation communities of the main forest types in Nanji Island, Zhejiang Province[J]. J Northwest For Univ, 2017, 32(2):294-300.
[15]王育松,上官铁梁.关于重要值计算方法的若干问题[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 33(2):312-316.WANG Yusong, SHANGGUAN Tieliang. Discussion on calculating method of important values[J]. J Shanxi Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2010, 33(2):312-316.
[16]方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,等.植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范[J].生物多样性, 2009, 17(6):533-548.FANG Jingyun, WANG Xiangping, SHEN Zehao, et al. Methods and protocols for plant community inventory[J].Biodiversity Sci, 2009, 17(6):533-548.
[17]陈勇,孙冰,廖绍波,等.深圳市主要植被群落类型划分及物种多样性研究[J].林业科学研究, 2013, 26(5):636-642.CHEN Yong, SUN Bing, LIAO Shaobo, et al. Classification of main phytocommunity and biodiversity in Shenzhen[J]. For Res, 2013, 26(5):636-642.
[18]胡军飞,许洺山,田文斌,等.浙江普陀山主要林型群落结构特征分析[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2016, 33(5):768-777.HU Junfei, XU Mingshan, TIAN Wenbin, et al. Community structure for main forests in Mount Putuo, Zhejiang Province[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2016, 33(5):768-777.
[19]傅徽楠,严玲璋,张连全,等.上海城市园林植物群落生态结构的研究[J].中国园林, 2000, 16(2):22-25.FU Huinan, YAN Lingzhang, ZHANG Lianquan, et al. Study on ecological structure of the ornamenfal plants community in Shanghai[J]. Chin Landscape Archit, 2000, 16(2):22-25.
[20]陈飞鹏,汪殿蓓,暨淑仪,等.深圳南山区天然植物群落的聚类分析[J].武汉植物学研究, 2001, 19(5):385-390.CHEN Feipeng, WANG Dianbei, JI Shuyi, et al. Clustering analysis on natural plant communities of Nanshan in Shenzhen City[J]. J Wuhan Bot Res, 2001, 19(5):385-390.
[21]杨阳,王晶懋.西北半干旱城市绿地近自然人工植物群落构建研究[J].西北林学院学报, 2018, 33(1):274-280.YANG Yang, WANG Jingmao. Construction of near nature artificial plant community in semi-arid green space of northwestern China[J]. J Northwest For Univ, 2018, 33(1):274-280.