新疆卡拉苏口岸公路沿线植物区系与杂草研究
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摘要
本文对新疆卡拉苏口岸公路沿线植物区系进行研究,通过野外实地考察,标本采集和鉴定,对该植物区系进行分析。结果显示:该区无蕨类与裸子植物,被子植物有21科76属134种。其中双子叶植物有16科56属100种(占74.62%),单子叶植物有5科20属34种(占25.38%);地理成分可划分为8个分布区类型和8个变型,温带成分占绝对优势,其他成分较少。生活型以多年生草本为主,有89种(占66.42%);1～2年生草本植物有35种(占26.12%);灌木和半灌木各5种(各占3.73%)。从生态型看,以中生植物为主,有98种(占73.13%);其次,旱生植物有21种(占15.67%);湿生植物15种(占11.20%)。由此可见,该区植物物种组成相对较为丰富,地理成分比较复杂,与该区所处帕米尔高原植物区系有一定的相似度。研究显示该区外来杂草有4种,但尚无检疫性杂草分布。本研究可为卡拉苏口岸公路沿线植物检疫、防控和治理提供本底数据。
This paper studies the flora along the public route in Kalasu Port of Xinjiang. The flora was analyzed by field investigation,specimen collection and identification. The results show:There were no ferns and gymnosperms in this area. There were 21 families,76 genera and 134 species in angiosperms.Among them,dicotyledons have 16 families,56 genera and 100 species(74.62%),monocotyledons have 5 families,20 genera and 34 species(accounting for 25.38%);geographical components can be divided into 8 distribution types and 8 variants,the temperate component is dominant and the other components are less.The life-form is mainly perennial herb,89 species(66.42%);35 species of 1-2 years old herb(26.12%);5 species of shrub and subshrub(3.73% each). From the ecotypes statistics,there are 98 species(73.13%)of mesophyte plants,and 21 species(15.67%) of xerophyte plants;15 species(11.20%) of hygrophyte plants. It can be conclued that the plant species composition in this area is relatively rich and the geographical composition is complex. It has certain similarity with the flora of the Pamir Plateau in the area. It is found that there is 4 exotic weeds but no quarantine weeds in the area. The study provides background data for plant quarantine,prevention and control along the public route in Kalasu Port.
This paper studies the flora along the public route in Kalasu Port of Xinjiang. The flora was analyzed by field investigation,specimen collection and identification. The results show:There were no ferns and gymnosperms in this area. There were 21 families,76 genera and 134 species in angiosperms.Among them,dicotyledons have 16 families,56 genera and 100 species(74.62%),monocotyledons have 5 families,20 genera and 34 species(accounting for 25.38%);geographical components can be divided into 8 distribution types and 8 variants,the temperate component is dominant and the other components are less.The life-form is mainly perennial herb,89 species(66.42%);35 species of 1-2 years old herb(26.12%);5 species of shrub and subshrub(3.73% each). From the ecotypes statistics,there are 98 species(73.13%)of mesophyte plants,and 21 species(15.67%) of xerophyte plants;15 species(11.20%) of hygrophyte plants. It can be conclued that the plant species composition in this area is relatively rich and the geographical composition is complex. It has certain similarity with the flora of the Pamir Plateau in the area. It is found that there is 4 exotic weeds but no quarantine weeds in the area. The study provides background data for plant quarantine,prevention and control along the public route in Kalasu Port.
引文
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[6]艾比拜姆·克热木,刘彬.新疆焉耆盆地种子植物区系特征分析.植物科学学报, 2015, 33(6):784-791.
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[10]赵杏花,蓝登明,左合君,等.阴山山脉乌拉山段种子植物区系组成及特征研究.西北植物学报, 2012, 32(6):1245-1253.
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[12]杨淑萍,阎平.中国帕米尔高原种子植物的区系地理研究.信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2008(4):543-546.
[13]郭开发,莫善明,邵振宗,等.阿拉山口口岸从进境红花籽中截获杂草疫情分析.植物检疫, 2014, 28(2):76-78.
[14]邵振宗.阿拉山口口岸进境植物检疫现状、问题及对策研究[D].石河子:石河子大学, 2015.
[15]徐颖,郑炜,黄世杰,等.宁波口岸外来杂草的调查研究.植物检疫, 2014, 28(4):70-73.
[2]张汉东.新疆口岸现状与发展前景.新疆社会经济, 1993(4):101-106.
[3]李晓玲.卡拉苏口岸获批全天候开放.人民日报海外版,2008-3-24(005).
[4]开放口岸—卡拉苏陆路(公路)口岸//叶剑.中国口岸年鉴.北京:中国海关出版社, 2016:675.
[5]孟兴,王静,张蕴涵,等.四川口岸外来杂草的调查与监测.植物检疫, 2015, 29(1):52-56.
[6]艾比拜姆·克热木,刘彬.新疆焉耆盆地种子植物区系特征分析.植物科学学报, 2015, 33(6):784-791.
[7]中国植被编辑委员会.中国植被.北京:科学技术出版社,1995.
[8]吴征镒,孙航,周浙昆,等.中国植物区系中的特有性及其起源和分化.云南植物研究, 2005(6):577-601.
[9]张丽君,曹婷,阎平,等.新疆西昆仑山十字花科植物区系分析.石河子大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 36(4):515-519.
[10]赵杏花,蓝登明,左合君,等.阴山山脉乌拉山段种子植物区系组成及特征研究.西北植物学报, 2012, 32(6):1245-1253.
[11]马金双.中国入侵植物名录.生物多样性, 2013, 21(5):635.
[12]杨淑萍,阎平.中国帕米尔高原种子植物的区系地理研究.信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2008(4):543-546.
[13]郭开发,莫善明,邵振宗,等.阿拉山口口岸从进境红花籽中截获杂草疫情分析.植物检疫, 2014, 28(2):76-78.
[14]邵振宗.阿拉山口口岸进境植物检疫现状、问题及对策研究[D].石河子:石河子大学, 2015.
[15]徐颖,郑炜,黄世杰,等.宁波口岸外来杂草的调查研究.植物检疫, 2014, 28(4):70-73.