川西甲基卡锂矿基地典型岩石及矿物反射波谱特征研究
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摘要
四川甲基卡矿田是中国乃至于世界上锂矿资源最集中的地区之一,目前对甲基卡锂矿床的光谱学认识还很欠缺。本文运用地物波谱仪对甲基卡地区野外采集的典型岩石及矿物开展波谱测试,建立了研究区样品的波谱数据库,总结了黑云母片岩、十字石片岩、十字石堇青石片岩、角岩、二云母花岗岩、含锂辉石伟晶岩、不含锂辉石伟晶岩、石英脉、长石斑晶、锂辉石、云母、绿柱石的波谱特征。研究结果表明:围岩与岩体波谱特征差异较大,围岩反射率一般在0. 2以下,吸收特征不明显,岩体反射率一般在0. 5以下,具有1413 nm、1911 nm、2197 nm三处不同程度的吸收特征;其中含矿伟晶岩、不含矿伟晶岩及花岗岩可以通过1413 nm及2197 nm等处的吸收特征进行区分;锂辉石及绿柱石具有独特的波谱特征,可以直接用于找矿。本文开展的甲基卡型锂矿地面波谱研究,对其高光谱遥感填图及地质找矿具有重要的指导意义。
BACKGROUND: The Sichuan Jiajika ore field is one of the most concentrated areas of lithium resources in China and even in the world. At present,the understanding of the spectroscopy of the Jiajika lithium deposit is still very poor.OBJECTIVES: To better understand the spectra of lithium ore deposits and provide the basis for hyperspectral study of lithium ore deposits by spectrum measurement of typical rocks.METHODS: Spectra of typical rocks and minerals collected in Jiajika area were measured by Analytical Spectral Devices( ASD) FieldSpec-4 Spectroradiometer and a spectral library of this area was built. The spectral characteristics of rocks and minerals including biotite schist,grenatiteschist,grenatite cordieriteschist,hornstone,granite,pegmatite containing spodumene,pegmatite without spodumene,quartz vein,feldspar,spodumenemono,biotite,aquamarine were analyzed.RESULTS: The results indicate that there are differences in spectral characteristics between rock masses and surrounding rocks. The reflectance of surrounding rocks is less than 0. 2,and absorption characteristics are not obvious,whereas the reflectance of rock masses is less than 0. 5,and there are three absorption features at 1413 nm,1911 nm,2197 nm. In addition,granite,pegmatite containing spodumene,and pegmatite without spodumene can be discriminated by their unique spectra on 1413 nm and 2197 nm. The unique spectral characteristics of spodumene and aquamarine can be applied for ore exploration.CONCLUSIONS: The research on the surface spectroscopy of the Jiajika type lithium ore deposit carried out in this paper has important guiding significance for hyperspectral remote sensing mapping and geological prospecting.
BACKGROUND: The Sichuan Jiajika ore field is one of the most concentrated areas of lithium resources in China and even in the world. At present,the understanding of the spectroscopy of the Jiajika lithium deposit is still very poor.OBJECTIVES: To better understand the spectra of lithium ore deposits and provide the basis for hyperspectral study of lithium ore deposits by spectrum measurement of typical rocks.METHODS: Spectra of typical rocks and minerals collected in Jiajika area were measured by Analytical Spectral Devices( ASD) FieldSpec-4 Spectroradiometer and a spectral library of this area was built. The spectral characteristics of rocks and minerals including biotite schist,grenatiteschist,grenatite cordieriteschist,hornstone,granite,pegmatite containing spodumene,pegmatite without spodumene,quartz vein,feldspar,spodumenemono,biotite,aquamarine were analyzed.RESULTS: The results indicate that there are differences in spectral characteristics between rock masses and surrounding rocks. The reflectance of surrounding rocks is less than 0. 2,and absorption characteristics are not obvious,whereas the reflectance of rock masses is less than 0. 5,and there are three absorption features at 1413 nm,1911 nm,2197 nm. In addition,granite,pegmatite containing spodumene,and pegmatite without spodumene can be discriminated by their unique spectra on 1413 nm and 2197 nm. The unique spectral characteristics of spodumene and aquamarine can be applied for ore exploration.CONCLUSIONS: The research on the surface spectroscopy of the Jiajika type lithium ore deposit carried out in this paper has important guiding significance for hyperspectral remote sensing mapping and geological prospecting.
引文
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[18]赵玉祥,赵光明,曾毅夫.川西甲基卡式锂矿地质特征及成矿模式——以甲基卡锂矿床为例[J].四川地质学报,2015,35(3):391-395.Zhao Y X,Zhao G M,Zeng Y F. Geological features and genetic model for the granitic pegmatite type(Jiajika type)Li deposits in West Sichuan—As the example of the Jiajika Li deposit[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan,2015,35(3):391-395.
[19]肖瑞卿,付小方,袁蔺平,等.土壤地球化学测量在甲基卡稀有金属找矿中的应用——以“新三号脉”为例[J].四川地质学报,2016,36(3):500-505.Xiao R Q,Fu X F,Yuan L P,et al. The application of soil geochemical survey to prospecting of rare metal pegmatite veins in the Jiajika ore district—As the example of the Li ore vein X03[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan,2016,36(3):500-505.
[20]秦宇龙,孙劲,张东,等.直流电法在甲基卡稀有矿床外围地区寻找隐伏性岩脉的应用[J].桂林理工大学学报,2016,36(1):170-175.Qin Y L,Sun J,Zhang D,et al. Application of DC electrical method in prospecting hidden veins around the rare metal deposit of Jiajika[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Technology,2016,36(1):170-175.
[21]潘蒙,唐屹,肖瑞卿,等.甲基卡新3号超大型锂矿脉找矿方法[J].四川地质学报,2016,36(3):422-425.Pan M,Tang Y,Xiao R Q,et al. The discovery of the superlarge Li ore vein X03 in the Jiajika ore district[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2016,36(3):422-425.
[22]郝雪峰,付小方,梁斌,等.川西甲基卡花岗岩和新三号矿脉的形成时代及意义[J].矿床地质,2015,34(6):1199-1208.Hao X F,Fu X F,Liang B,et al. Formation ages of granite and X03 pegmatite vein in Jiajika,Western Sichuan and their geological significance[J]. Mineral Deposits,2015,34(6):1199-1208.
[23]王登红,王瑞江,付小方,等.对能源金属矿产资源基地调查评价基本问题的探讨——以四川甲基卡大型锂矿基地为例[J].地球学报,2016,37(4):471-480.Wang D H,Wang R J,Fu X F,et al. A discussion on the major problems related to geological investigation and assessment for energy metal resources base:A case study of the Jiajika large lithium mineral resource base[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2016,37(4):471-480.
[24]蒋桂英.新疆棉花主要栽培生理指标的高光谱定量提取与应用研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2004.Jiang G Y. The Study on Quantitative Measurement and Application for Cotton Cultivating Physiological Indices in Xinjiang by Hyperspectral Remote Sensing[D].Changsha:Hunan Agriculture University,2004.
[25] Dai J J,Wang D H,Wang R S,et al. Quantitative estimation of concentrations of dissolved rare earth elements using reflectance spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing,2013,7(1):073513.
[2] Dehnavi S,Maghsoudi Y,Valadanzoej M. Using spectrum differentiation and combination for target detection of minerals[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2017,55:9-20.
[3]代晶晶,王润生.常见透明矿物类波谱特征研究综述[J].地质科技情报,2013,32(2):8-14.Dai J J,Wang R S. Spectral characteristics of typical transparent mineral groups[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2013,32(2):8-14.
[4] Hunt G R. Spectral signatures of particulate minerals in the visible and near-infrared[J]. Geophysics,1977,42(3):501-513.
[5] Hunt G R. Near-infrared spectral of alteration mineralspotential for use in remote sensing[J]. Geophysics,1979,44(12):1974-1986.
[6] Clark R N,King T V,Klejwa M,et al. High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95(B8):12653-12680.
[7] Clark R N,Swayze G A,Livo K E,et al. Imaging spectroscopy:Earth and planetary remote sensing with the USGS tetracorder and expert systems[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(E12):5131-5144.
[8] Van der Meer F. Near-infrared laboratory spectroscopy of mineral chemistry:A review[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2018,65:71-78.
[9]甘甫平,王润生.遥感岩矿信息提取基础与技术方法研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2004:19-42.Gan F P,Wang R S. Principle and Technology of Remote Sensing for Rocks and Minerals Information Extraction[M]. Beijing:Geological House,2004:19-42.
[10] Amer R,Mezayen A E,Hasanein M. ASTER spectral analysis for alteration minerals associated with gold mineralization[J]. Ore Geology Reviews,2016,75:239-251.
[11] Prado E M G,Silva A M,Ducart D F,et al. Reflectance spectroradiometry applied to a semi-quantitative analysis of the mineralogy of the N4ws deposit,Carajás Mineral Province,Pará,Brazil[J]. Ore Geology Reviews,2016,78:101-119.
[12] Merrill J,Voisin L,Montenegro V,et al. Slurry rheology prediction based on hyperspectral characterization models for minerals quantification[J]. Minerals Engineering,2017,109:126-134.
[13]刘丽君,付小方,王登红,等.甲基卡式稀有金属矿床的地质特征与成矿规律[J].矿床地质,2015,34(6):1187-1198.Liu L J,Fu X F,Wang D H,et al. Geological characteristics and metallogeny of Jiajika-style rare metal deposits[J]. Mineral Deposits, 2015, 34(6):1187-1198.
[14]王登红,李建康,付小方.四川甲基卡伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床的成矿时代及其意义[J].地球化学,2005,34(6):541-546.Wang D H,Li J K,Fu X F.40Ar/39Ar dating for the Jiajika pegmatite-type rare metal deposit in Western Sichuan and its significance[J]. Geochemical,2005,34(6):541-546.
[15]王登红,付小方.四川甲基卡外围锂矿找矿取得突破[J].岩矿测试,2013,32(6):987.Wang D H,Fu X F. A significant lithium resources discovery in outside of Jiajika area,Sichuan[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis,2013,32(6):987.
[16]付小方,袁蔺平,王登红,等.四川甲基卡矿田新三号稀有金属矿脉的成矿特征与勘查模型[J].矿床地质,2015,34(6):1172-1186.Fu X F,Yuan L P,Wang D H,et al. Mineralization characteristics and prospecting model of newly discovered X03 rare metal vein in Jiajika orefield,Sichuan[J]. Mineral Deposits,2015,34(6):1172-1186.
[17]秦宇龙,郝雪峰,徐云峰,等.四川甲基卡地区花岗岩型稀有金属矿找矿规律及标志[J].中国地质调查,2015,2(7):35-39.Qin Y L,Hao X F,Xu Y F,et al. Metallogenic regularity and prospecting criteria of granite type rare metal deposits in Jiajika area,Sichuan Province[J]. Geological Survey of China,2015,2(7):35-39.
[18]赵玉祥,赵光明,曾毅夫.川西甲基卡式锂矿地质特征及成矿模式——以甲基卡锂矿床为例[J].四川地质学报,2015,35(3):391-395.Zhao Y X,Zhao G M,Zeng Y F. Geological features and genetic model for the granitic pegmatite type(Jiajika type)Li deposits in West Sichuan—As the example of the Jiajika Li deposit[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan,2015,35(3):391-395.
[19]肖瑞卿,付小方,袁蔺平,等.土壤地球化学测量在甲基卡稀有金属找矿中的应用——以“新三号脉”为例[J].四川地质学报,2016,36(3):500-505.Xiao R Q,Fu X F,Yuan L P,et al. The application of soil geochemical survey to prospecting of rare metal pegmatite veins in the Jiajika ore district—As the example of the Li ore vein X03[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan,2016,36(3):500-505.
[20]秦宇龙,孙劲,张东,等.直流电法在甲基卡稀有矿床外围地区寻找隐伏性岩脉的应用[J].桂林理工大学学报,2016,36(1):170-175.Qin Y L,Sun J,Zhang D,et al. Application of DC electrical method in prospecting hidden veins around the rare metal deposit of Jiajika[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Technology,2016,36(1):170-175.
[21]潘蒙,唐屹,肖瑞卿,等.甲基卡新3号超大型锂矿脉找矿方法[J].四川地质学报,2016,36(3):422-425.Pan M,Tang Y,Xiao R Q,et al. The discovery of the superlarge Li ore vein X03 in the Jiajika ore district[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2016,36(3):422-425.
[22]郝雪峰,付小方,梁斌,等.川西甲基卡花岗岩和新三号矿脉的形成时代及意义[J].矿床地质,2015,34(6):1199-1208.Hao X F,Fu X F,Liang B,et al. Formation ages of granite and X03 pegmatite vein in Jiajika,Western Sichuan and their geological significance[J]. Mineral Deposits,2015,34(6):1199-1208.
[23]王登红,王瑞江,付小方,等.对能源金属矿产资源基地调查评价基本问题的探讨——以四川甲基卡大型锂矿基地为例[J].地球学报,2016,37(4):471-480.Wang D H,Wang R J,Fu X F,et al. A discussion on the major problems related to geological investigation and assessment for energy metal resources base:A case study of the Jiajika large lithium mineral resource base[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2016,37(4):471-480.
[24]蒋桂英.新疆棉花主要栽培生理指标的高光谱定量提取与应用研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2004.Jiang G Y. The Study on Quantitative Measurement and Application for Cotton Cultivating Physiological Indices in Xinjiang by Hyperspectral Remote Sensing[D].Changsha:Hunan Agriculture University,2004.
[25] Dai J J,Wang D H,Wang R S,et al. Quantitative estimation of concentrations of dissolved rare earth elements using reflectance spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing,2013,7(1):073513.