喀斯特地区不同施肥配比对紫花苜蓿单茬产量及形态构建的影响
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摘要
施肥对优质蛋白饲草紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)产量和形态构建具有重要影响。本文研究了不同磷、钾肥配比下紫花苜蓿第2茬单茬产量和形态构建的变化。结果表明,1)磷钾配比施肥均能显著提高紫花苜蓿单茬的鲜、干草产量(P<0.05);单施磷肥240 kg·hm~(–2)时,紫花苜蓿第2茬单茬产量最高,鲜草产量达18 203.33 kg·hm~(–2),干草产量达3 975.97 kg·hm~(–2),较不施肥处理分别显著高出88.25%和78.11%(P<0.05)。2)磷钾配比施肥对紫花苜蓿第2茬形态学构建均有一定的影响。施磷80 kg·hm~(–2)+钾60 kg·hm~(–2)时,紫花苜蓿茎叶比最低,为0.98,其次为施磷80 kg·hm~(–2)+钾30 kg·hm~(–2)组合,茎叶比为1.03,二者间无显著差异(P> 0.05);施磷80 kg·hm~(–2)+钾30 kg·hm~(–2)时,紫花苜蓿主茎长和节间长均显著大于不施肥对照组(P<0.05);施磷240 kg·hm~(–2)+钾30 kg·hm~(–2)处理能显著增加紫花苜蓿的节间数和主茎粗。施用磷肥有利于促进紫花苜蓿的分枝。3)利用模糊隶属函数均值法对紫花苜蓿产量及形态学构建的各项指标进行综合评价,当施磷80 kg·hm~(–2)+钾30 kg·hm~(–2)时,隶属函数均值为0.76,排名第一。因此,在贵州喀斯特地区种植紫花苜蓿时,建议磷钾肥配合施用,以施磷80 kg·hm~(–2)和钾30 kg·hm~(–2)为宜。
Fertilization has an important effect on the yield and morphology of alfalfa(Medicago sativa),which is a high quality protein forage.This paper has studied the effect of different proportions of P and K on the second batch of yield and morphology structure of alfalfa.The research showed that 1) fertilization with different ratios of P and K can significantly increase the biomass of alfalfa(P<0.05).When single P fertilizer was applied at 240 kg·ha~(–1),the yield of the second batch of alfalfa was the highest;the fresh yield was 18 203.33 kg·ha~(–1),and the hay yield was 3 975.97 kg·ha~(–1),which were significantly higher than those of the control(88.25% and 78.11%)(P<0.05).2) Fertilization with different ratios of P and K had a certain influence on the morphological structure of the second stubble of alfalfa.When P at 80 kg·ha~(–1) and K at60 kg·ha~(–1) was applied,the stem to leaf ratio of alfalfa was the lowest(0.98).There was no significant difference(P>0.05)between this stem to leaf ratio and that when P at 80 kg·ha~(–1) and K at 30 kg·ha~(–1) was applied(1.03).When P at 80 kg·ha~(–1) and K at 30 kg·ha~(–1) was applied,the alfalfa plant height,main stem length,and internode length were higher,and showed significant differences from those of the non-fertilization control group(P<0.05).A single application of P at 160 kg·ha~(–1) is beneficial to the branch promotion of alfalfa.3)We utilized a fuzzy logic membership function to comprehensively evaluate the yield and various indices of morphology structure of alfalfa.The treatment of P at 80 kg·ha~(–1) and K at 30 kg·ha~(–1) ranked in first place with 0.76 points.Therefore,when planting alfalfa in the karst area of Guizhou,we suggest a treatment of P at 80 kg·ha~(–1) and K at 30 kg·ha~(–1).
Fertilization has an important effect on the yield and morphology of alfalfa(Medicago sativa),which is a high quality protein forage.This paper has studied the effect of different proportions of P and K on the second batch of yield and morphology structure of alfalfa.The research showed that 1) fertilization with different ratios of P and K can significantly increase the biomass of alfalfa(P<0.05).When single P fertilizer was applied at 240 kg·ha~(–1),the yield of the second batch of alfalfa was the highest;the fresh yield was 18 203.33 kg·ha~(–1),and the hay yield was 3 975.97 kg·ha~(–1),which were significantly higher than those of the control(88.25% and 78.11%)(P<0.05).2) Fertilization with different ratios of P and K had a certain influence on the morphological structure of the second stubble of alfalfa.When P at 80 kg·ha~(–1) and K at60 kg·ha~(–1) was applied,the stem to leaf ratio of alfalfa was the lowest(0.98).There was no significant difference(P>0.05)between this stem to leaf ratio and that when P at 80 kg·ha~(–1) and K at 30 kg·ha~(–1) was applied(1.03).When P at 80 kg·ha~(–1) and K at 30 kg·ha~(–1) was applied,the alfalfa plant height,main stem length,and internode length were higher,and showed significant differences from those of the non-fertilization control group(P<0.05).A single application of P at 160 kg·ha~(–1) is beneficial to the branch promotion of alfalfa.3)We utilized a fuzzy logic membership function to comprehensively evaluate the yield and various indices of morphology structure of alfalfa.The treatment of P at 80 kg·ha~(–1) and K at 30 kg·ha~(–1) ranked in first place with 0.76 points.Therefore,when planting alfalfa in the karst area of Guizhou,we suggest a treatment of P at 80 kg·ha~(–1) and K at 30 kg·ha~(–1).
引文
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