白云石有序度对湖相混积碳酸盐岩储集层物性的控制作用:以柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统为例
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摘要
对英西地区渐新统湖相混积碳酸盐岩储集层的物性特征及主控因素进行了分析。系统地开展了岩石矿物学特征、物性分析、孔隙结构、白云石有序度测试、无序白云石成因机理及其对储层物性的影响研究,提出英西地区渐新统储集层主要为"低孔-特低渗"型储层,其孔隙发育程度主要受控于岩石中的白云石含量,其中白云石有序度对岩石物性具有重要的控制作用。研究结果表明:(1)测井孔隙度与岩石中的白云石含量呈明显正相关关系,而与泥质含量呈负相关关系;(2)理想模式下,当岩石中白云石含量为100%时,有序白云石的分子结构决定了其孔隙度应为13%,研究区氦气法实测孔隙度与白云石含量相关关系投点图中的数据点大多分布在该理想模式线附近;(3)理想模式线上方的样品,其晶间孔多被扩大改造,有的被碎屑颗粒支撑扩大,有的被微弱溶蚀扩大,理想模式线下方的样品,其晶间孔多被黄铁矿或其他物质半充填而变小;(4)少数岩石样品的白云石含量较高但其孔隙度值较小,主要为有序度较低的白云石或者无序白云石,在白云石含量相同的条件下,有序度越高,其孔隙越发育。
To study the physical properties and main controlling factors of the Oligocene lacustrine-facies diamictitic carbonate reservoirs in Yingxi area,we have conducted systemic analyses on the petrology and mineralogy,physical properties,pore structure,degree of order of dolomite,formation mechanism of the disordered dolomite and its influence on the reservoir physical properties. It is suggested that the Oligocene reservoirs in the Yingxi area is mainly of low porosity and ultra-low permeability,and its pore development is mainly controlled by the dolomite content in the rocks. The degree of order of dolomite likely plays an important role in controlling the physical properties of the rocks. Our results also show that:( 1) the well-log porosity is positively correlated with the dolomite content of the rocks,but negatively correlated with the clay content;( 2) when the dolomite content is 100%,the molecular structure of the ordered dolomite suggests that its porosity should be 13% in the ideal model. In the correlation diagram of the measured porosity( via the helium gas method) versus the dolomite content,most of the data points are distributed near the ideal pattern line;( 3) the intercrystal pores above the ideal pattern line are expanded,some are enlarged by the support of clastic particles,and some by weak dissolution; whereas the intercrystal pores below the ideal pattern line are mostly filled with pyrite or other material;( 4) a few rock samples have relatively high dolomite content but smaller porosity. They are mainly composed of dolomite with low-/zero-degree of order. With the same dolomite content,the higher the degree of order is,the better developed are the pores.
To study the physical properties and main controlling factors of the Oligocene lacustrine-facies diamictitic carbonate reservoirs in Yingxi area,we have conducted systemic analyses on the petrology and mineralogy,physical properties,pore structure,degree of order of dolomite,formation mechanism of the disordered dolomite and its influence on the reservoir physical properties. It is suggested that the Oligocene reservoirs in the Yingxi area is mainly of low porosity and ultra-low permeability,and its pore development is mainly controlled by the dolomite content in the rocks. The degree of order of dolomite likely plays an important role in controlling the physical properties of the rocks. Our results also show that:( 1) the well-log porosity is positively correlated with the dolomite content of the rocks,but negatively correlated with the clay content;( 2) when the dolomite content is 100%,the molecular structure of the ordered dolomite suggests that its porosity should be 13% in the ideal model. In the correlation diagram of the measured porosity( via the helium gas method) versus the dolomite content,most of the data points are distributed near the ideal pattern line;( 3) the intercrystal pores above the ideal pattern line are expanded,some are enlarged by the support of clastic particles,and some by weak dissolution; whereas the intercrystal pores below the ideal pattern line are mostly filled with pyrite or other material;( 4) a few rock samples have relatively high dolomite content but smaller porosity. They are mainly composed of dolomite with low-/zero-degree of order. With the same dolomite content,the higher the degree of order is,the better developed are the pores.
引文
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[15]付锁堂,马达德,郭召杰,等.柴达木走滑叠合盆地及其控油气作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):712-722.
[16]黄成刚,倪祥龙,马新民,等.致密湖相碳酸盐岩油气富集模式及稳产、高产主控因素[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(5):724-738.
[17]黄成刚,关新,倪祥龙,等.柴达木盆地英西地区E32咸化湖盆白云岩储集层特征及发育主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(2):219-231.
[18]袁剑英,黄成刚,夏青松,等.咸化湖盆碳酸盐岩储层特征及孔隙形成机理——以柴西地区始新统下干柴沟组为例[J].地质论评,2016,62(1):111-126.
[19]付锁堂,张道伟,薛建勤,等.柴达木盆地致密油形成的地质条件及勘探潜力分析[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):672-682.
[20]HUANG C,YUAN X,SONG C,et al. Characteristics,origin,and role of salt minerals in the process of hydrocarbon accumulation in the saline lacustrine basin of the Yingxi Area,Qaidam,China[J]. Carbonates Evaporites,2018,33(3):431-446.
[21]黄成刚,崔俊,关新,等.柴达木盆地英西地区S3-1井渐新统下干柴沟组储集空间类型[J].地球科学与环境学报,2017,39(2):255-266.
[22]WARREN J K. Dolomite:occurrence,evolution and economically important associations[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,2000,52:1-81.
[23]曾理,万茂霞,彭英.白云石有序度及其在石油地质中的应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,2004,27(4):64-66.
[24]胡俊杰,李琦,陈若瑜,等.羌塘盆地中、下二叠统碳酸盐岩白云石有序度控制因素研究[J].矿物岩石,2014,34(2):91-95.
[25]钟倩倩,黄思静,邹明亮.碳酸盐岩中白云石有序度的控制因素[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(3):50-55.
[26]LAND L S. The isotopic and trace element geochemistry of dolomite:the state of the art[J]. Sepm Spec Publ,1980,28(5):459-477.
[27]LAND L S. The origin of massive dolomite[J]. Journal of Geological Education,1985,33:112-125.
[28]LIPPMANN F. Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals[M]. New York:Springer,1973:70-90.
[29]郭芪恒,金振奎,朱小二,等.北京下苇甸剖面张夏组鲕粒特征及其白云化机制[J].现代地质,2018,32(4):766-773.
[30]袁剑英,黄成刚,曹正林,等.咸化湖盆白云岩碳氧同位素特征及古环境意义——以柴西地区渐新统下干柴沟组为例[J].地球化学,2015,44(3):254-266.
[31]YUAN J Y,HUANG C G,ZHAO F,et al. Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition,and Palaeoenvironmental significance of Saline Lacustrine Dolomite from the Qaidam Basin,Western China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2015,135(11):596-607.
[2]罗蛰潭,王允诚.油气储集层的孔隙结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:70-90.
[3]国家能源局.中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准SY/T6285—2011-油气储层评价方法[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
[4]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB/T 29172—2012岩心分析方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013:78-102.
[5]范嘉松.世界碳酸盐岩油气田的储层特征及其成藏的主要控制因素[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):23-30.
[6]黄思静,张雪花,刘丽红,等.碳酸盐成岩作用研究现状与前瞻[J].地学前缘,2009,16(5):219-231.
[7]陈启林,黄成刚.沉积岩中溶蚀作用对储集层的改造研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2018,33(11):1112-1129.
[8]黄成刚,袁剑英,田光荣,等.柴西地区始新统湖相白云岩储层地球化学特征及形成机理[J].地学前缘,2016,23(3):510-521.
[9]黄成刚,王建功,吴丽荣,等.古近系湖相碳酸盐岩储集特征与含油性分析——以柴达木盆地英西地区为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):909-922.
[10]黄成刚,常海燕,崔俊,等.柴达木盆地西部地区渐新世沉积特征与油气成藏模式[J].石油学报,2017,38(11):1230-1243.
[11]马永生,蔡勋育,赵培荣.深层、超深层碳酸盐岩油气储层形成机理研究综述[J].地学前缘,2011,18(4):181-192.
[12]妥进才,王先彬,周世新,等.深层油气勘探现状与研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,1999,10(6):1-8.
[13]石昕,戴金星,赵文智.深层油气藏勘探前景分析[J].中国石油勘探,2005,10(1):1-10.
[14]黄成刚,李智勇,倪祥龙,等.柴达木盆地英西地区E32盐类矿物成因及油气地质意义[J].现代地质,2017,31(4):779-790.
[15]付锁堂,马达德,郭召杰,等.柴达木走滑叠合盆地及其控油气作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):712-722.
[16]黄成刚,倪祥龙,马新民,等.致密湖相碳酸盐岩油气富集模式及稳产、高产主控因素[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(5):724-738.
[17]黄成刚,关新,倪祥龙,等.柴达木盆地英西地区E32咸化湖盆白云岩储集层特征及发育主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(2):219-231.
[18]袁剑英,黄成刚,夏青松,等.咸化湖盆碳酸盐岩储层特征及孔隙形成机理——以柴西地区始新统下干柴沟组为例[J].地质论评,2016,62(1):111-126.
[19]付锁堂,张道伟,薛建勤,等.柴达木盆地致密油形成的地质条件及勘探潜力分析[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):672-682.
[20]HUANG C,YUAN X,SONG C,et al. Characteristics,origin,and role of salt minerals in the process of hydrocarbon accumulation in the saline lacustrine basin of the Yingxi Area,Qaidam,China[J]. Carbonates Evaporites,2018,33(3):431-446.
[21]黄成刚,崔俊,关新,等.柴达木盆地英西地区S3-1井渐新统下干柴沟组储集空间类型[J].地球科学与环境学报,2017,39(2):255-266.
[22]WARREN J K. Dolomite:occurrence,evolution and economically important associations[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,2000,52:1-81.
[23]曾理,万茂霞,彭英.白云石有序度及其在石油地质中的应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,2004,27(4):64-66.
[24]胡俊杰,李琦,陈若瑜,等.羌塘盆地中、下二叠统碳酸盐岩白云石有序度控制因素研究[J].矿物岩石,2014,34(2):91-95.
[25]钟倩倩,黄思静,邹明亮.碳酸盐岩中白云石有序度的控制因素[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(3):50-55.
[26]LAND L S. The isotopic and trace element geochemistry of dolomite:the state of the art[J]. Sepm Spec Publ,1980,28(5):459-477.
[27]LAND L S. The origin of massive dolomite[J]. Journal of Geological Education,1985,33:112-125.
[28]LIPPMANN F. Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals[M]. New York:Springer,1973:70-90.
[29]郭芪恒,金振奎,朱小二,等.北京下苇甸剖面张夏组鲕粒特征及其白云化机制[J].现代地质,2018,32(4):766-773.
[30]袁剑英,黄成刚,曹正林,等.咸化湖盆白云岩碳氧同位素特征及古环境意义——以柴西地区渐新统下干柴沟组为例[J].地球化学,2015,44(3):254-266.
[31]YUAN J Y,HUANG C G,ZHAO F,et al. Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition,and Palaeoenvironmental significance of Saline Lacustrine Dolomite from the Qaidam Basin,Western China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2015,135(11):596-607.