中超联赛社会责任的正当性、现实困境与策略选择
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摘要
在国家加快发展体育竞赛表演产业的背景下,探讨中超联赛社会责任的相关问题,对进一步挖掘联赛的多元化社会价值有重要意义。主要采用文献资料法,对中超联赛社会责任的正当性与现实困境等问题开展研究。研究发现:中超联赛社会责任的正当性体现在"竞技体育职业化"体制转轨后的责任担当,经济、社会双重属性下的责任体现,利益与道德调和下的责任坚守。当前,中超联赛面临政府无效干预影响联赛主体履行社会责任;权利转接下联赛主体违约失信行为频发;经济属性下联赛主体过度逐利现象严重;道德失范下联赛主体处于约束空洞局面等现实困境。政府职能转变不彻底、联赛主体对社会责任的认识存在偏差、中超联赛内部治理结构缺陷、中超联赛利益相关者团体缺失是造成困境的主要原因。未来,需要探索政府在中超联赛中的职能转型路径;提升联赛主体社会责任认知水平,推动社会责任体系建设;完善内部治理结构,推动联赛经济与社会双重价值的综合体现;组建利益相关者团体、加强道德规范建设,实现利益与道德的统一,才能走出当前困境,使联赛主体更好地履行社会责任。
Under the background of accelerating the development of sports competition performance industry in the country,discussing the issues related to the social responsibility of the Chinese Football Association Super League is of great significance for promoting the league to further reflect the diversified social values and promote the coordinated development of society. This paper mainly uses the literature review method to discuss the legitimacy and realistic dilemma of the social responsibilities of the Super League. The study found that the legitimacy of the social responsibility of the Super League is reflected in the responsibility of the"competitive sports professionalization"system after the transition,the responsibility under the dual economic and social attributes,and the responsibility of the Super League under the balance of interests and morality. At present,the Chinese Super League is facing the following practical dilemmas: ineffective government intervention affects the league players to fulfill their social responsibilities; under the transfer of rights,breaches of contract and dishonesty of league players are frequently; under the economic attribute,the excessive profit-seeking phenomenon of league players is serious; under the moral anomie,the league players are in an empty situation of restraint and so on. The main reasons for the dilemma are the incomplete change of government functions,the deviation of the understanding of social responsibility of the main body of the league,the defects of the internal governance structure of the Chinese Super League,and the loss of the restraint mechanism caused by the lack of stakeholder groups in the Chinese Super League,are the main causes of the dilemma. In the future,it is necessary to explore the functional transformation path of the government in the Chinese Super League; improve the cognitive level of the main social responsibility of the league,promote the construction of social responsibility system; improve the internal governance structure,promote the comprehensive expression of the double value of the economic and social development of the league; strengthen the construction of ethics and standardization,and realize the unity of interests and morality; only in these ways can Chinese Super League get out of the current predicament and make the main body better fulfill the social responisibilities.
Under the background of accelerating the development of sports competition performance industry in the country,discussing the issues related to the social responsibility of the Chinese Football Association Super League is of great significance for promoting the league to further reflect the diversified social values and promote the coordinated development of society. This paper mainly uses the literature review method to discuss the legitimacy and realistic dilemma of the social responsibilities of the Super League. The study found that the legitimacy of the social responsibility of the Super League is reflected in the responsibility of the"competitive sports professionalization"system after the transition,the responsibility under the dual economic and social attributes,and the responsibility of the Super League under the balance of interests and morality. At present,the Chinese Super League is facing the following practical dilemmas: ineffective government intervention affects the league players to fulfill their social responsibilities; under the transfer of rights,breaches of contract and dishonesty of league players are frequently; under the economic attribute,the excessive profit-seeking phenomenon of league players is serious; under the moral anomie,the league players are in an empty situation of restraint and so on. The main reasons for the dilemma are the incomplete change of government functions,the deviation of the understanding of social responsibility of the main body of the league,the defects of the internal governance structure of the Chinese Super League,and the loss of the restraint mechanism caused by the lack of stakeholder groups in the Chinese Super League,are the main causes of the dilemma. In the future,it is necessary to explore the functional transformation path of the government in the Chinese Super League; improve the cognitive level of the main social responsibility of the league,promote the construction of social responsibility system; improve the internal governance structure,promote the comprehensive expression of the double value of the economic and social development of the league; strengthen the construction of ethics and standardization,and realize the unity of interests and morality; only in these ways can Chinese Super League get out of the current predicament and make the main body better fulfill the social responisibilities.
引文
[1]陈锡尧,李燕燕.体育赛事研究[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2009.
[2]BABIAK K,WOLFE R.Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility in Professional Sport:Internal and External Factors[J].Journal of Sport Management,2009,23:717-742.
[3]卢代富.企业社会责任研究:基于经济学与法学的视野[M].北京:法律出版社,2014.
[4]李伟阳.社会责任定义:掌握ISO26000标准的核心[J].WTO经济导刊,2010(11):36-39.
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[6]李松.中国职业体育赛事利益相关者行为及社会责任研究[A]//中国体育科学学会.2015第十届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编(三),2015:3.
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[8]韩炜,荣思军.职业体育组织社会责任:概念、特点与承载内容[J].山东体育学院学报,2018,34(4):12-17.
[9]LEVERMORE R.CSR for Development Through Sport:examining its potential and limitations[J].Third World Quarterly,2010,31(2):223-241.
[10]SHETH H,BABIAK K M.Beyond the Game:Perceptions and Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Professional Sport Industry[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2010,91(3):433-450.
[11]张森.我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任理论与实践研究[J].体育科学,2013,33(8):14-20.
[12]ANAGNOSTOPOULOS C,BYERST,SHILBURYD.Corporate social responsibility in professional team sport organisations:towards a theory of decision-making[J].European Sport Management Quarterly,2014,14(3):259-281.
[13]杜丛新,谭江波.职业体育组织社会责任理论体系研究[J].首都体育学院学报,2013,25(2):117-120.
[14]韩炜,荣思军.职业体育组织社会责任:概念、特点与承载内容[J].山东体育学院学报,2018,34(4):12-17.
[15]陈丛刊.体育社会组织监管新视阈:社会责任国际标准[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,40(5):28-33.
[16]罗尔斯.正义论[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1991.
[17]徐昕.私力救济的正当性及其限度:一种以社会契约论为核心的解说[J].法学家,2004,1(2):94-101.
[18]刘杨.正当性与合法性概念辨析[J].法制与社会发展,2008(3):12-21.
[19]FREEMAN R E.Strategic management:a stakeholder approach[M].Cambridge University Press,1984.
[20]满河军.三种否定企业社会责任观点辨析[J].理论探索,2007(4):60-62.
[21]满河军.企业社会责任的正当性分析:对否定企业承担社会责任观点的辨析[J].经济与管理评论,2007(2):5-7.
[22]梁伟.基于经济性生产要素全周期价值贡献的中国足球超级联赛收益分配机制研究[J].体育科学,2014,34(6):42-48.
[23]MORGAN S.The Premier League:a commitment to social responsibility[J]//JUAN Luis Paramio Salcines,KATHY M.Babiak,GEOFF Walter.Routledge handbook of sport and corporate social responibility,2013:251-262.
[24]SNYDER D.Interview with Patrick Gasser Senior Manager,Football and Social Responsibility,UEFA[J].International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship,2012,13(3):2-5.
[25]孙丰云.企业社会责任合理性的内在根据[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007,37(2):104-109.
[26]谭刚,易剑东.中国职业足球联赛的产品属性研究[J].体育科学,2013,33(9):29-35.
[27]方克立.中国哲学大辞典[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1994:269.
[28]杨先梅.从哲学角度审视中国道德缺失问题[J].国家教育行政学院学报,2008,121(1):39-41.
[29]倪刚,谢玉兰,季浏,等.反垄断法规制下的中超联赛改革研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2013,39(10):57-61.
[30]高京平,苏荣.马克思恩格斯道德教育思想的深化与发展研究:兼评《马克思恩格斯道德教育思想研究》[J].中国高教研究,2017(6):111.
[31]李燕燕,陈锡尧.我国职业体育赛事市场运营与政府失灵[C].全国体育产业学术会议,2008.
[32]新浪网.中超无大牌,赞助商纷纷不再续约[EB/OL].(2018-03-02)[2019-02-05].http://k.sina.com.cn/article_6433517757_17f77b0bd001005u8h.html?cre=tianyi&mod=pcspth&loc=10&r=0&doct=0&rfunc=100&tj=none&tr=63&from=sports&subch=cnfootball.
[33]武伟东,张兵.我国职业体育违约行为的根源挖掘及其化解对策探寻[J].天津体育学院学报,2016,31(2):119-124.
[34]马力,齐善鸿.公司社会责任理论述评[J].经济社会体制比较,2005(2):138-141.
[35]舒坤尧,王智.市场经济中的道德文化研究:评《经济伦理学:经济与道德关系之哲学分析》[J].广东财经大学学报,2018,33(6):112-113.
[36]张兵.走出政府中心逻辑:我国职业体育管办分离的理论与实践[J].体育与科学,2014,35(2):24-29.
[37]董红刚.职业体育联赛治理模式:域外经验和中国思路[J].上海体育学院学报,2015,39(6):1-5.
[2]BABIAK K,WOLFE R.Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility in Professional Sport:Internal and External Factors[J].Journal of Sport Management,2009,23:717-742.
[3]卢代富.企业社会责任研究:基于经济学与法学的视野[M].北京:法律出版社,2014.
[4]李伟阳.社会责任定义:掌握ISO26000标准的核心[J].WTO经济导刊,2010(11):36-39.
[5]庞徐薇,陈锡尧.我国职业体育社会责任的主客体及其责任内容[J].体育科研,2012,33(4):40-43.
[6]李松.中国职业体育赛事利益相关者行为及社会责任研究[A]//中国体育科学学会.2015第十届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编(三),2015:3.
[7]赵燕,黄海峰.试论我国职业体育赛事社会责任[J].广州体育学院学报,2015,35(2):4-6.
[8]韩炜,荣思军.职业体育组织社会责任:概念、特点与承载内容[J].山东体育学院学报,2018,34(4):12-17.
[9]LEVERMORE R.CSR for Development Through Sport:examining its potential and limitations[J].Third World Quarterly,2010,31(2):223-241.
[10]SHETH H,BABIAK K M.Beyond the Game:Perceptions and Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Professional Sport Industry[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2010,91(3):433-450.
[11]张森.我国职业体育俱乐部社会责任理论与实践研究[J].体育科学,2013,33(8):14-20.
[12]ANAGNOSTOPOULOS C,BYERST,SHILBURYD.Corporate social responsibility in professional team sport organisations:towards a theory of decision-making[J].European Sport Management Quarterly,2014,14(3):259-281.
[13]杜丛新,谭江波.职业体育组织社会责任理论体系研究[J].首都体育学院学报,2013,25(2):117-120.
[14]韩炜,荣思军.职业体育组织社会责任:概念、特点与承载内容[J].山东体育学院学报,2018,34(4):12-17.
[15]陈丛刊.体育社会组织监管新视阈:社会责任国际标准[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,40(5):28-33.
[16]罗尔斯.正义论[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1991.
[17]徐昕.私力救济的正当性及其限度:一种以社会契约论为核心的解说[J].法学家,2004,1(2):94-101.
[18]刘杨.正当性与合法性概念辨析[J].法制与社会发展,2008(3):12-21.
[19]FREEMAN R E.Strategic management:a stakeholder approach[M].Cambridge University Press,1984.
[20]满河军.三种否定企业社会责任观点辨析[J].理论探索,2007(4):60-62.
[21]满河军.企业社会责任的正当性分析:对否定企业承担社会责任观点的辨析[J].经济与管理评论,2007(2):5-7.
[22]梁伟.基于经济性生产要素全周期价值贡献的中国足球超级联赛收益分配机制研究[J].体育科学,2014,34(6):42-48.
[23]MORGAN S.The Premier League:a commitment to social responsibility[J]//JUAN Luis Paramio Salcines,KATHY M.Babiak,GEOFF Walter.Routledge handbook of sport and corporate social responibility,2013:251-262.
[24]SNYDER D.Interview with Patrick Gasser Senior Manager,Football and Social Responsibility,UEFA[J].International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship,2012,13(3):2-5.
[25]孙丰云.企业社会责任合理性的内在根据[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007,37(2):104-109.
[26]谭刚,易剑东.中国职业足球联赛的产品属性研究[J].体育科学,2013,33(9):29-35.
[27]方克立.中国哲学大辞典[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1994:269.
[28]杨先梅.从哲学角度审视中国道德缺失问题[J].国家教育行政学院学报,2008,121(1):39-41.
[29]倪刚,谢玉兰,季浏,等.反垄断法规制下的中超联赛改革研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2013,39(10):57-61.
[30]高京平,苏荣.马克思恩格斯道德教育思想的深化与发展研究:兼评《马克思恩格斯道德教育思想研究》[J].中国高教研究,2017(6):111.
[31]李燕燕,陈锡尧.我国职业体育赛事市场运营与政府失灵[C].全国体育产业学术会议,2008.
[32]新浪网.中超无大牌,赞助商纷纷不再续约[EB/OL].(2018-03-02)[2019-02-05].http://k.sina.com.cn/article_6433517757_17f77b0bd001005u8h.html?cre=tianyi&mod=pcspth&loc=10&r=0&doct=0&rfunc=100&tj=none&tr=63&from=sports&subch=cnfootball.
[33]武伟东,张兵.我国职业体育违约行为的根源挖掘及其化解对策探寻[J].天津体育学院学报,2016,31(2):119-124.
[34]马力,齐善鸿.公司社会责任理论述评[J].经济社会体制比较,2005(2):138-141.
[35]舒坤尧,王智.市场经济中的道德文化研究:评《经济伦理学:经济与道德关系之哲学分析》[J].广东财经大学学报,2018,33(6):112-113.
[36]张兵.走出政府中心逻辑:我国职业体育管办分离的理论与实践[J].体育与科学,2014,35(2):24-29.
[37]董红刚.职业体育联赛治理模式:域外经验和中国思路[J].上海体育学院学报,2015,39(6):1-5.