不同地表糙度下坡面流水动力学特性实验研究
|
摘要
为研究不同地表糙度条件下坡面流水动力学特性的变化规律,采用变坡实验水槽,利用定床阻力冲刷实验研究了坡面流阻力和流速与流量、坡度、粗糙度和雷诺数之间的关系,结果表明:流速与粗糙度呈负相关;当颗粒粒径小于0.2 mm时,流速与坡度呈正相关。粗糙度越大,阻力系数越大,当颗粒粒径大于0.5 mm时,阻力系数随流量增加而递减,随坡度增加而递增。水流雷诺数与粗糙度呈负相关,粗糙度越大,阻力系数与雷诺数的相关性越大。
Series of fixed-bed model experiments were performed to study the hydraulic characteristics of overland flow and explore the relationship between Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient of overland flow and flow velocity, surface roughness, discharge, slope gradient as well as Reynolds number. Results showed: The relationship between flow velocity and surface roughness is negative and the velocity is positively correlated with slope when the particle size is smaller than 0.2 mm. The larger the roughness, the greater the resistance coefficient. When the particle size is greater than 0.5 mm, the resistance coefficient decreases with the increase of discharge while increases with the increase of slope gradient. The flow Reynolds number is negatively correlated with roughness. And the larger the roughness, the greater the correlation coefficient of resistance coefficient and Reynolds number.
Series of fixed-bed model experiments were performed to study the hydraulic characteristics of overland flow and explore the relationship between Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient of overland flow and flow velocity, surface roughness, discharge, slope gradient as well as Reynolds number. Results showed: The relationship between flow velocity and surface roughness is negative and the velocity is positively correlated with slope when the particle size is smaller than 0.2 mm. The larger the roughness, the greater the resistance coefficient. When the particle size is greater than 0.5 mm, the resistance coefficient decreases with the increase of discharge while increases with the increase of slope gradient. The flow Reynolds number is negatively correlated with roughness. And the larger the roughness, the greater the correlation coefficient of resistance coefficient and Reynolds number.
引文
[1] 施明新,吴发启,田国成.地表糙率对坡面流流速影响的实验研究[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(6):117-123.
[2] 张宽地,王光谦,孙晓敏,等.坡面薄层水流水动力学特性实验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(15):182-189.
[3] 王俊杰,张宽地,杨苗,等.雨强和糙度对坡面薄层流水动力学特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):147-154.
[4] 蒋昌波,隆院男,胡世雄,等.坡面流阻力研究进展[J].水利学报,2012,43(2):189-197.
[5] Gary L.Preliminary study of the interference of surface objects and rainfall in overland flow resistance [J].Catena,2009,78(2):154-158.
[6] Abrahams,A D,Parsons,A J.Resistance to overland flow on semiarid grassland and shrubland hillslopes,Walnut Gulch,southern Arizona [J].Journal of Hydrology.1994,156(1):431-446.
[7] Abrahams,A D,Parsons,A J.Resistance to overland flow on desert pavement and its implications for sediment transport modeling [J].Water Resource Research.1991,27(8):1827-1836.
[8] Pan C Z,Ma L.Overland flow resistances on varying slope gradients and partitioning on grassed slopes under simulated rainfall [J].Water Resources Research.2016,52(4):2490-2512.
[9] 王俊杰,张宽地,龚家国,等.降雨和坡度对坡面水流阻力规律影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(5):43-49.
[10] 陈国祥,姚文艺.降雨对浅层水流阻力的影响[J].水科学进展,1996,7(1):42-46.
[11] 潘成忠,上官周平.降雨和坡度对坡面流水动力学参数的影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2009,17(6):843-851.
[12] 施明新,李陶陶,吴秉校,等.地表粗糙度对坡面流水动力学参数的影响[J].泥沙研究,2015,(04):59-65.
[13] 董旭,张宽地,杨明义,等.黄土坡面细沟流水动力学特性[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(3):45-51.
[14] 刘燕.变坡度变雨强下坡面流阻力特性时空分布研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017
[15] 王俊杰.模拟降雨条件下坡面薄层水流水动力学特粗及滚波演化规律.[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[16] 肖培青,郑粉莉,姚文艺.坡沟系统坡面径流流态及水力学参数特征研究[J].水科学进展,2009,20(2):236-240.
[17] 翟艳宾.缓坡面薄层水流水动力学特性的试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[2] 张宽地,王光谦,孙晓敏,等.坡面薄层水流水动力学特性实验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(15):182-189.
[3] 王俊杰,张宽地,杨苗,等.雨强和糙度对坡面薄层流水动力学特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):147-154.
[4] 蒋昌波,隆院男,胡世雄,等.坡面流阻力研究进展[J].水利学报,2012,43(2):189-197.
[5] Gary L.Preliminary study of the interference of surface objects and rainfall in overland flow resistance [J].Catena,2009,78(2):154-158.
[6] Abrahams,A D,Parsons,A J.Resistance to overland flow on semiarid grassland and shrubland hillslopes,Walnut Gulch,southern Arizona [J].Journal of Hydrology.1994,156(1):431-446.
[7] Abrahams,A D,Parsons,A J.Resistance to overland flow on desert pavement and its implications for sediment transport modeling [J].Water Resource Research.1991,27(8):1827-1836.
[8] Pan C Z,Ma L.Overland flow resistances on varying slope gradients and partitioning on grassed slopes under simulated rainfall [J].Water Resources Research.2016,52(4):2490-2512.
[9] 王俊杰,张宽地,龚家国,等.降雨和坡度对坡面水流阻力规律影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(5):43-49.
[10] 陈国祥,姚文艺.降雨对浅层水流阻力的影响[J].水科学进展,1996,7(1):42-46.
[11] 潘成忠,上官周平.降雨和坡度对坡面流水动力学参数的影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2009,17(6):843-851.
[12] 施明新,李陶陶,吴秉校,等.地表粗糙度对坡面流水动力学参数的影响[J].泥沙研究,2015,(04):59-65.
[13] 董旭,张宽地,杨明义,等.黄土坡面细沟流水动力学特性[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(3):45-51.
[14] 刘燕.变坡度变雨强下坡面流阻力特性时空分布研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017
[15] 王俊杰.模拟降雨条件下坡面薄层水流水动力学特粗及滚波演化规律.[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[16] 肖培青,郑粉莉,姚文艺.坡沟系统坡面径流流态及水力学参数特征研究[J].水科学进展,2009,20(2):236-240.
[17] 翟艳宾.缓坡面薄层水流水动力学特性的试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.