岩石三轴拉伸试验装置研制及其应用
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摘要
为准确地测量岩石试样在不同围压作用下的拉伸强度与变形特性,对用于岩石三轴压缩试验的MTS815材料试验机为主体设备进行了一系列技术改造,一方面设计加工了一套试验机活塞与三轴室的随动连锁装置,使原本只能提供压缩载荷的MTS815试验机也能精确提供轴向拉伸荷载;另一方面设计开发一种多自由度岩石试样三轴拉伸夹具,解决岩石等脆性材料在拉伸过程中难以始终保持对中的技术难题。提出一套完整的测试技术方法,能实现0~140 MPa围压范围内各种岩石试件的复杂三轴直接拉伸测试研究,利用研发的配套装置与测试方法对页岩试样进行了三轴拉伸试验。结果表明,试验装置和试验方法完全能够进行不同围压条件下的岩石三轴拉伸试验,得到相应的三轴拉伸试验曲线;页岩在低围压和高围压下呈现不同的破坏特征和破坏形式,低围压下依然呈现脆性特征,高围压下则是由脆性向塑性转换。
In order to accurately measure the tensile strength and deformation characteristics of rock specimens under different confining pressures, a series of technological modifications are carried out with material testing machine MTS815, which is mainly used for rock triaxial compression test, on the one hand, a set of test machine piston and three-axis chamber with the interlocking device, so that the original can only provide compression load testing machine MTS815 can also provide accurate axial tensile load; the other hand, the design and development of a multi The degree of freedom of rock specimen triaxial tension fixture, to solve the rock and other brittle materials in the stretching process is difficult to always maintain the technical problems. On this basis, a complete set of test techniques is proposed to realize the complex triaxial direct tensile test of various rock specimens in the range of 0-140 MPa confining pressures. The results show that the test apparatus and the test method can fully carry out the rock triaxial tensile test under different confining pressure conditions; and the corresponding test results are obtained. The results show that the test specimen and the test method can carry out the triaxial tensile test on the shale specimen with the supporting equipment and test method, also triaxial tensile test curve is obtained. The results show that the shale has different failure characteristics and failure modes under low confining pressure and high confining pressure. Under the low confining pressure, the shale is still characterized by brittleness.
In order to accurately measure the tensile strength and deformation characteristics of rock specimens under different confining pressures, a series of technological modifications are carried out with material testing machine MTS815, which is mainly used for rock triaxial compression test, on the one hand, a set of test machine piston and three-axis chamber with the interlocking device, so that the original can only provide compression load testing machine MTS815 can also provide accurate axial tensile load; the other hand, the design and development of a multi The degree of freedom of rock specimen triaxial tension fixture, to solve the rock and other brittle materials in the stretching process is difficult to always maintain the technical problems. On this basis, a complete set of test techniques is proposed to realize the complex triaxial direct tensile test of various rock specimens in the range of 0-140 MPa confining pressures. The results show that the test apparatus and the test method can fully carry out the rock triaxial tensile test under different confining pressure conditions; and the corresponding test results are obtained. The results show that the test specimen and the test method can carry out the triaxial tensile test on the shale specimen with the supporting equipment and test method, also triaxial tensile test curve is obtained. The results show that the shale has different failure characteristics and failure modes under low confining pressure and high confining pressure. Under the low confining pressure, the shale is still characterized by brittleness.
引文
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[14]TUFEKCI K,DEMIRDAG S,SENGUN N,et al.A new design test apparatus for determining direct tensile strength of rocks[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(1):295-300.
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[16]宫凤强,李夕兵,董陇军.圆盘冲击劈裂试验中岩石拉伸弹性模量的求解算法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(4):705-713.GONG Feng-qiang,LI Xi-bing,DONG Long-jun.Solution algorithm for tensile elastic modulus of rock in disc impact fracturing test[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2013,32(4):705-713.
[17]张盛,何江达,王启智.用圆孔平台巴西圆盘确定岩石拉伸强度的非局部应力方法[J].应有力学学报.2008,25(3):503-507.ZHANG Sheng,HE Jiang-da,WANG Qi-zhi.A nonlocal stress method for determining tensile strength of rocks using a disc disc brazilian platform[J].Journal of Stress Mechanics.2008,25(3):503-507.
[18]JAPARIDZE L.Stress-deformed state of cylindrical specimens during indirect tensile strength testing[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2015,7(5):509-518.
[19]窦庆峰,岳顺,代高飞.岩石直接拉伸试验与劈裂法的对比研究[J].地下空间,2004,24(2):178-181,203.DOU Qing-feng,YUE Shun,DAI Gao-fei.Comparative study of rock direct tensile test and splitting method[J].Underground Space,2004,24(2):178-181,203.
[20]余贤斌,谢强,李心一,等.岩石直接拉伸与压缩变形的循环加载实验与双模量本构模型[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(9):988-993.YU Xian-bin,XIE Qiang,LI Xin-yi,et al.Cyclic loading experiment and bimodal constitutive model for direct tensile and compressive deformation of rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(9):988-993.
[21]苏承东,尤明庆.围压下岩样直接拉伸试验装置[P].中国,200720128467.X.2007-09-26.SU Cheng-dong,YOU Ming-qing.Tensile rock sample pressure test device:China[P].China:200720128467.X,2007-09-26.
[2]长江水利水电科学研究院岩基室.岩石抗拉强度的轴向拉伸试验研究[J].岩石力学,1978,12(1):62-70.Yangtze River Water Resources and Hydropower Research Institute Rock Base.Tensile strength of rock under axial tensile test[J].Rock Mechanics,1978,12(1):62-70.
[3]陶纪南.岩石轴向拉伸与劈裂法试验结果的比较分析[J].金属矿山,1995,17(3):28-31.TAO Ji-nan.Comparative analysis of test results of rock axial stretching and splitting method[J].Metal Mine,1995,17(3):28-31.
[4]HAWKES I,MELLOR M,GAFIEPY S.Deformation of rocks under uniaxial tension[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr,1973,23(10):493-507.
[5]STIMPSON B,CHEN Rui.Measurement of rock elastic modulus intension and incompression and itspractical significance[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1993,30(12):338-347.
[6]余贤斌,王青蓉,李心一,等.岩石轴向拉伸与压缩变形的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(1):18-22.YU Xian-bin,WANG Qing-song,LI Xin-yi,et al.Experimental Study on axial tensile and compressive deformation of rocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(1):18-22.
[7]OKUBO S,FUKKUI K,QI Qing.Uniaxial compression and tension tests of anthracite and loading rate dependence of peak strength[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2006,68:196-204.
[8]OKUBO S,FUKUI K.Complete stress-strain curves for various rock types in uniaxial tension[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1996,33(6):549-556.
[9]吴永胜.岩石劈裂试验、单轴压缩与轴向拉伸变形特性的实验研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2009.WU Yong-sheng.Experimental study on deformation characteristics of rock splitting,uniaxial compression and axial tensile[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2009.
[10]陈忠.岩石轴向拉伸与压缩循环加载试验与变形特性的研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2011.CHENG Zhong.Experimental research on rock axial tensile and compressive cyclic loading and deformation experimental research on rock axial tensile and compressive cyclic loading and deformation[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2011.
[11]张志雄.岩石轴向拉伸与压缩变形特性的试验研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2008.ZHANG Zhi-xiong.Experimental study on axial tensile and compressive deformation of rocks[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2008.
[12]尤明庆,周少统,苏承东.岩石试样围压下直接拉伸试验[J].河南理工大学学报,2006,25(4):255-260.YOU Ming-qing,ZHOU Shao-tong,SU Cheng-dong.Rock samples were tested under direct confining pressure[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University,2006,25(4):255-260.
[13]LI H,LI J,LIU B,et al.Direct tension test for rock material under different strain rates at quasi-static loads[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2013,46:1247-1254.
[14]TUFEKCI K,DEMIRDAG S,SENGUN N,et al.A new design test apparatus for determining direct tensile strength of rocks[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(1):295-300.
[15]喻良,徐跃良.采用平台巴西圆盘式样测试岩石抗拉强度的方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(7):1457-1462.YU Liang,XU Yue-liang.The method of testing the tensile strength of rock by the platform Brazilian disc is adopted[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2006,25(7):1457-1462.
[16]宫凤强,李夕兵,董陇军.圆盘冲击劈裂试验中岩石拉伸弹性模量的求解算法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(4):705-713.GONG Feng-qiang,LI Xi-bing,DONG Long-jun.Solution algorithm for tensile elastic modulus of rock in disc impact fracturing test[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2013,32(4):705-713.
[17]张盛,何江达,王启智.用圆孔平台巴西圆盘确定岩石拉伸强度的非局部应力方法[J].应有力学学报.2008,25(3):503-507.ZHANG Sheng,HE Jiang-da,WANG Qi-zhi.A nonlocal stress method for determining tensile strength of rocks using a disc disc brazilian platform[J].Journal of Stress Mechanics.2008,25(3):503-507.
[18]JAPARIDZE L.Stress-deformed state of cylindrical specimens during indirect tensile strength testing[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2015,7(5):509-518.
[19]窦庆峰,岳顺,代高飞.岩石直接拉伸试验与劈裂法的对比研究[J].地下空间,2004,24(2):178-181,203.DOU Qing-feng,YUE Shun,DAI Gao-fei.Comparative study of rock direct tensile test and splitting method[J].Underground Space,2004,24(2):178-181,203.
[20]余贤斌,谢强,李心一,等.岩石直接拉伸与压缩变形的循环加载实验与双模量本构模型[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(9):988-993.YU Xian-bin,XIE Qiang,LI Xin-yi,et al.Cyclic loading experiment and bimodal constitutive model for direct tensile and compressive deformation of rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(9):988-993.
[21]苏承东,尤明庆.围压下岩样直接拉伸试验装置[P].中国,200720128467.X.2007-09-26.SU Cheng-dong,YOU Ming-qing.Tensile rock sample pressure test device:China[P].China:200720128467.X,2007-09-26.