胜利油田低渗透水驱油藏含水变化特征及影响因素
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摘要
生产中含水率的变化特征在一定程度上可以反映水驱油效果的好坏。见水早、含水上升快、水驱油效率低等问题一直困扰着低渗透油藏开发。水驱油藏含水率的变化问题属于岩石中油水两相渗流的范畴,含水变化特征必然决定于岩石物性、油水特征和驱动力等因素。针对胜利油田低渗透水驱油藏,通过大量实验数据分析了储层孔隙结构特征、原始含水饱和度、应力敏感性和驱替压力等因素对含水率变化和水驱油效率的影响。研究发现孔隙的连通性是影响含水上升规律的重要因素,而初始含水率主要是由原始含水饱和度决定,适当的控制驱替压力有利于控制含水率,提高水驱油效率。考虑到低渗透储层渗透率的应力敏感性,建议实施超前注水,避免压力下降造成的渗透率伤害,从而利于提高水驱油效率。
The characteristic change of water cut can reflect the effectiveness of waterflooding to some extent. Early water breakthrough,fast water cut rise,and low efficiency of waterflooding have always been the obstacles preventing the development of low permeability reservoirs.Variation of water cut in waterflooding oil reservoirs involves two-phase flow of oil and water in rocks,thus is controlled by petrophysical property,oil-water features and driving force. In regard to the low permeability water-drive oil reservoirs in Shengli oilfield,we analyzed the factors influencing the variation of water cut and waterflood efficiency based on larges amounts of experimental data.These factors are characteristics of reservoir pore structure,original water saturation,stress sensitivity and displacement pressure.The results show that pore connectivity is the major factor for water cut rising,while the initial water cut mainly depends on original water saturation. Appropriate control on displacement pressure is beneficial for controlling water cut and increasing waterflood efficiency. Considering the stress sensitivity of permeability in low permeability reservoirs,we suggested the implementation of advanced water injection to avoid the permeability damage caused by pressure drop,so as to improve waterflood efficiency.
The characteristic change of water cut can reflect the effectiveness of waterflooding to some extent. Early water breakthrough,fast water cut rise,and low efficiency of waterflooding have always been the obstacles preventing the development of low permeability reservoirs.Variation of water cut in waterflooding oil reservoirs involves two-phase flow of oil and water in rocks,thus is controlled by petrophysical property,oil-water features and driving force. In regard to the low permeability water-drive oil reservoirs in Shengli oilfield,we analyzed the factors influencing the variation of water cut and waterflood efficiency based on larges amounts of experimental data.These factors are characteristics of reservoir pore structure,original water saturation,stress sensitivity and displacement pressure.The results show that pore connectivity is the major factor for water cut rising,while the initial water cut mainly depends on original water saturation. Appropriate control on displacement pressure is beneficial for controlling water cut and increasing waterflood efficiency. Considering the stress sensitivity of permeability in low permeability reservoirs,we suggested the implementation of advanced water injection to avoid the permeability damage caused by pressure drop,so as to improve waterflood efficiency.
引文
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[12]李荣强,吕爱民,王建忠,等.低渗透油藏仿水平井注采井网产能[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(2):439-443.Li Rongqiang,Lv Aimin,Wang Jianzhong,et al.Productivity of the imitation horizontal well pattern in low permeability reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(2):439-443.
[13]张绍东,王绍兰,李琴,等.孤岛油田储层微观孔隙结构特征及其对驱油效率的影响[J].石油大学学报,2002,26(3):47-54.Zhang Shaodong,Wang Shaolan,Li Qin,et al.Microstructrual characteristics of reservoir and their effects on oil displacement efficiency in gudao oilfield[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum China,2002,26(3):47-54.
[14]蔡进功,谢忠怀,刘宝军,等.胜利油区深部砂岩储集层类型及特征[J].石油学报,2001,22(5):34-37.Cai Jingong,Xie Zhonghuai,Liu Baojun,et al.Types and characteristics of deep sandstone reservoirs in Shengli petroleum province[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(5):34-37.
[15]王建忠,姚军.变渗透率模量与双重孔隙介质压力敏感性[J].中国石油大学学报,2010,34(3):80-83.Wang jianzhong,Yao Jun,Zhang Kai,et al.Variable permeability modulus and pressure sensitivity of dual-porosity mediums[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum China,2010,34(3):80-83.
[16]Kikani J.Pedrosa O.Perturbation analysis of stress-sensitive reservoirs[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1991,6(3):379-386.
[2]王建民,刘生福,李军等.陕北中生界特低渗透高含水油藏特征及成因[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(5):583-588.Wang Jianmin,Liu Shengfu,Li Jun,et al.Characteristics and causes of Mesozoic reservoirs with extra-low permeability and high water cut in northern Shaanxi[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(5):583-588.
[3]孙志刚.低含油饱和度砂岩油藏水驱特征实验[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(2):105-107.Sun Zhigang.Water drive characteristic experiment for low oil saturation sandstone oil reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficienc,2008,15(2):105-107.
[4]刘金玉,王殿生,刘柏林,等.低渗低饱和砂岩水驱油过程中含水率变化规律研究[J].西安石油大学学报,2011,26(1):37-41.Liu Jinyu,Wang Diansheng,Liu Bolin,et al.Study on the variation law of the water-cut of low-permeability low-saturation sandstone reservoirs in water displacing oil[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University,2011,26(1):37-41.
[5]苏海波,于金彪,张同伍,等.低渗透储层水驱油渗流阻力特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(1):117-121.Su Haibo,Yu Jinbiao,Zhang Tongwu,et al.Features of seepage resistance during water flooding in low permeability reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(1):117-121.
[6]刘万涛,何小娟,王选茹,等.超低渗透油藏油井流入动态及合理流压研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(5):234-237.Liu Wantao,He Xiaojuan,Wang Xuanru,et al.The study of inflow performance and proper bottom-hole fluid pressure in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(5):234-237.
[7]刘义坤,王凤娇,胡超洋.薄差储层油水渗流规律研究[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(5):89-93.Liu Yikun,Wang Fengjiao,Hu Chaoyang.Study on oil/water percolation in thin and poor pay zone[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2013,20(5):89-93.
[8]计秉玉,赵宇,宋考平,等.低渗透油藏渗流物理特征的几点新认识[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(2):129-133.JI Bingyu,Zhao Yu,Song Kaoping,et al.New insights into the physical percolation features of low-permeability reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2015,37(2):129-4133.
[9]束青林,郭迎春,孙志刚,等.特低渗透油藏渗流机理研究及应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(5):58-64.Shu Qinglin,Guo Yingchun,Sun Zhigang,et al.Research and application of percolation mechanism in extra-low permeability oil reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(5):58-64.
[10]高文君,徐冰涛,黄瑜,等.水驱油田含水率预测方法研究及拓展[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(5):993-999.Gao Wenjun,Xu Bingtao,Huang Yu,et al.Research on and development of prediction method of water cut in water flooding oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(5):993-999.
[11]鄢捷年.油藏岩石润湿性对注水过程中驱油效率的影响[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(3):39-42.Yan Jienian.Effectof rock wettability on oil recovery by waterflooding[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum China,1998,22(3):39-42.
[12]李荣强,吕爱民,王建忠,等.低渗透油藏仿水平井注采井网产能[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(2):439-443.Li Rongqiang,Lv Aimin,Wang Jianzhong,et al.Productivity of the imitation horizontal well pattern in low permeability reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(2):439-443.
[13]张绍东,王绍兰,李琴,等.孤岛油田储层微观孔隙结构特征及其对驱油效率的影响[J].石油大学学报,2002,26(3):47-54.Zhang Shaodong,Wang Shaolan,Li Qin,et al.Microstructrual characteristics of reservoir and their effects on oil displacement efficiency in gudao oilfield[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum China,2002,26(3):47-54.
[14]蔡进功,谢忠怀,刘宝军,等.胜利油区深部砂岩储集层类型及特征[J].石油学报,2001,22(5):34-37.Cai Jingong,Xie Zhonghuai,Liu Baojun,et al.Types and characteristics of deep sandstone reservoirs in Shengli petroleum province[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(5):34-37.
[15]王建忠,姚军.变渗透率模量与双重孔隙介质压力敏感性[J].中国石油大学学报,2010,34(3):80-83.Wang jianzhong,Yao Jun,Zhang Kai,et al.Variable permeability modulus and pressure sensitivity of dual-porosity mediums[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum China,2010,34(3):80-83.
[16]Kikani J.Pedrosa O.Perturbation analysis of stress-sensitive reservoirs[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1991,6(3):379-386.