趋避道德动机量表在中国大学生中的信效度检验
|
摘要
目的:检验趋避道德动机量表(Model of Moral Motives Scale)在中国大学生群体中的信度和效度。方法:采用中文版趋避道德动机量表、道德基础问卷、亲社会倾向量表对650名大学生进行施测,两周后对其中的200名大学生进行重测。结果:①验证性因素分析发现,趋避道德动机量表的六因素模型拟合良好,说明该量表具有良好的结构效度。②效标关联效度分析发现,趋避道德动机量表中的他人禁止与道德基础问卷中的伤害/关爱有显著正相关,群体禁止与权威/颠覆和纯洁/堕落显著正相关。另外,亲社会行为与自我禁止、他人禁止呈显著负相关,与他人规范、群体规范和群体禁止呈显著正相关。这些结果与趋避道德动机理论假设基本一致。③趋避道德动机总量表的内部一致性系数为0.894,分量表内部一致性系数除社会秩序为0.466外,其余在0.601-0.739之间;2周后重测信度在0.517-0.666之间。结论:中文版趋避道德动机量表具有良好的信度和效度,适用于大学生群体。
Objective: This study aimed to test the reliability and validity of the Model of Moral Motives(MMM) Scale in Chinese College Students. Methods: We recruited 650 Chinese college students to complete a battery which consisted of the MMM Scale, Moral Foundations Questionnaire and Prosocial Tendencies Measure. After 2 weeks, 200 randomly sampled subjects were retested. Results: ①Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the six-factor model of the MMM scale provided a good fit with the data. ②We found that Other-protect was positively correlated with Harm/Care of Haidt's moral foundations. Group-protect was positively correlated with Authority/Respect and Purity/Sanctity. Moreover, prosocial behaviors were positively correlated with Other-provide, Group-provide, and Group-protect, but negatively correlated with Selfprotect and Other-protect. ③The internal consistency coefficients of the MMM scale and its subscales ranged from 0.446 to 0.894, and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.517 to 0.666. Conclusion: The Chinese version of MMM scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the moral motives in Chinese college students.
Objective: This study aimed to test the reliability and validity of the Model of Moral Motives(MMM) Scale in Chinese College Students. Methods: We recruited 650 Chinese college students to complete a battery which consisted of the MMM Scale, Moral Foundations Questionnaire and Prosocial Tendencies Measure. After 2 weeks, 200 randomly sampled subjects were retested. Results: ①Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the six-factor model of the MMM scale provided a good fit with the data. ②We found that Other-protect was positively correlated with Harm/Care of Haidt's moral foundations. Group-protect was positively correlated with Authority/Respect and Purity/Sanctity. Moreover, prosocial behaviors were positively correlated with Other-provide, Group-provide, and Group-protect, but negatively correlated with Selfprotect and Other-protect. ③The internal consistency coefficients of the MMM scale and its subscales ranged from 0.446 to 0.894, and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.517 to 0.666. Conclusion: The Chinese version of MMM scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the moral motives in Chinese college students.
引文
1 Janoff-Bulman R,Carnes NC.Surveying the moral landscape:moral motives and group-based moralities.Personality and Social Psychology Review,2013,17(3):219-236
2 Nunner-Winkler G.Development of moral motivation from childhood to early adulthood.Journal of Moral Education,2007,36(4):399-414
3 Kohlberg L.The philosophy of moral development:Moral stages and the idea of justice(essays on moral development,volume 1).San Fancisco:Harper&Row,1981
4 Gilligan C.In a different voice.Harvard University Press,1993
5 Shweder R,Much N,Mahapatra ML.The‘Big Three’of morality(autonomy,community,divinity)and the‘Bing Three’explanations of suffering.Morality and Health,1997:119-169
6 Haidt J.The new synthesis in moral psychology.Science,2007,316(5827):998-1002
7 Haidt J,Graham J.When morality opposes justice:Conservatives have moral intuitions that liberals may not recognize.Social Justice Research,2007,20(1):98-116
8 Janoff-Bulman R.To provide or protect:Motivational bases of political liberalism and conservatism.Psychological Inquiry,2009,20(2-3):120-128
9 Janoff-Bulman R.,Carnes,NC.Moral context matters:a reply to Graham.Personality and Social Psychology Review,2013,17(3):242-247
10 Janoff-Bulman R,Carnes NC.Social justice and social order:Binding moralities across the political spectrum.PloS One,2016,11(3):e0152479
11 Janoff-Bulman R,Sheikh S,Baldacci KG.Mapping moral motives:Approach,avoidance,and political orientation.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,2008,44(4):1091-1099
12 Janoff-Bulman,R.,Sheikh,S.,Hepp,S.Proscriptive versus prescriptive morality:two faces of moral regulation.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2009,96(3):521-537
13 Gray JA.Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition.Cognition&Emotion,1990,4(3):269-288
14 Tolman EC.Purposive behavior in animals and men.Univ of California Press,1951
15 Miller NE.Experimental studies of conflict.In J.M.Hunt(Ed.),Personality and the behavior disorders Oxford,United Kingdom:Ronald Press,1944.31-465
16 Higgins ET.Beyond pleasure and pain.American Psychologist,1997,52:1280-1300
17 Carver CS,Sutton SK,Scheier MF.Action,emotion,and personality:Emerging conceptual integration.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2000,26:741-751
18靳宇倡,王冠.趋避道德动机调节方式的作用.心理科学进展,2015,9:1647-1657
19 Graham J,Nosek BA,Haidt J.The moral stereotypes of liberals and conservatives:exaggeration of differences across the political spectrum.Plos One,2012,7(12):e50092
20 Graham J,Nosek BA,Haidt J,et al.Mapping the moral domain.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2011,101(2):366-385
21 Brewer MB,Gardner W.Who is this“we”?Levels of collective identity and self representations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1996,71:83-93
22 Hofmann W,Wisneski DC,Brandt MJ,et al.Morality in everyday life.Science,2014,345(6202):1340-1343
23 Stern C,West TV.Ideological differences in anchoring and adjustment during social inferences.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2016,42(11):1466-1479
24 Nartova-Bochaver SK,Kuznetsova VB.Friendly home and inhabitants’morality:mutual relationships.Frontiers in Psychology,2018,8:2384
25 Carnes NC,Lickel B.Moral binding:How emotions,convictions,and identity fusion shape progroup behavior.Self and Identity,2018,17(5):549-573
26查晓坤.道德基础理论视角下道德失败对道德判断的特异性影响.浙江大学,2013
27 Carlo G,Hausmann A,Christiansen S,Brandy A.Randall,sociocognitive and behavioral correlates of a measure of prosocial tendencies for adolescents.Journal of Early Adolescence,2003,23(1):107-134
28丛文君.大学生亲社会行为类型的研究.南京:南京师范大学,2008
29彭光谦.美国的忠诚宣誓:一个国家,不容分裂.世界知识,2005,(7):148-150.
30王美芳,牛骅,赵晓.儿童版父母教养方式问卷的修订.中国临床心理学杂志,2018,26(1):6-11
31徐同洁,刘燕君,胡平,彭申立.道德两难困境范式在心理学研究中的使用:回顾与展望.中国临床心理学杂志,2018,26(3):458-461
2 Nunner-Winkler G.Development of moral motivation from childhood to early adulthood.Journal of Moral Education,2007,36(4):399-414
3 Kohlberg L.The philosophy of moral development:Moral stages and the idea of justice(essays on moral development,volume 1).San Fancisco:Harper&Row,1981
4 Gilligan C.In a different voice.Harvard University Press,1993
5 Shweder R,Much N,Mahapatra ML.The‘Big Three’of morality(autonomy,community,divinity)and the‘Bing Three’explanations of suffering.Morality and Health,1997:119-169
6 Haidt J.The new synthesis in moral psychology.Science,2007,316(5827):998-1002
7 Haidt J,Graham J.When morality opposes justice:Conservatives have moral intuitions that liberals may not recognize.Social Justice Research,2007,20(1):98-116
8 Janoff-Bulman R.To provide or protect:Motivational bases of political liberalism and conservatism.Psychological Inquiry,2009,20(2-3):120-128
9 Janoff-Bulman R.,Carnes,NC.Moral context matters:a reply to Graham.Personality and Social Psychology Review,2013,17(3):242-247
10 Janoff-Bulman R,Carnes NC.Social justice and social order:Binding moralities across the political spectrum.PloS One,2016,11(3):e0152479
11 Janoff-Bulman R,Sheikh S,Baldacci KG.Mapping moral motives:Approach,avoidance,and political orientation.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,2008,44(4):1091-1099
12 Janoff-Bulman,R.,Sheikh,S.,Hepp,S.Proscriptive versus prescriptive morality:two faces of moral regulation.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2009,96(3):521-537
13 Gray JA.Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition.Cognition&Emotion,1990,4(3):269-288
14 Tolman EC.Purposive behavior in animals and men.Univ of California Press,1951
15 Miller NE.Experimental studies of conflict.In J.M.Hunt(Ed.),Personality and the behavior disorders Oxford,United Kingdom:Ronald Press,1944.31-465
16 Higgins ET.Beyond pleasure and pain.American Psychologist,1997,52:1280-1300
17 Carver CS,Sutton SK,Scheier MF.Action,emotion,and personality:Emerging conceptual integration.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2000,26:741-751
18靳宇倡,王冠.趋避道德动机调节方式的作用.心理科学进展,2015,9:1647-1657
19 Graham J,Nosek BA,Haidt J.The moral stereotypes of liberals and conservatives:exaggeration of differences across the political spectrum.Plos One,2012,7(12):e50092
20 Graham J,Nosek BA,Haidt J,et al.Mapping the moral domain.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2011,101(2):366-385
21 Brewer MB,Gardner W.Who is this“we”?Levels of collective identity and self representations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1996,71:83-93
22 Hofmann W,Wisneski DC,Brandt MJ,et al.Morality in everyday life.Science,2014,345(6202):1340-1343
23 Stern C,West TV.Ideological differences in anchoring and adjustment during social inferences.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,2016,42(11):1466-1479
24 Nartova-Bochaver SK,Kuznetsova VB.Friendly home and inhabitants’morality:mutual relationships.Frontiers in Psychology,2018,8:2384
25 Carnes NC,Lickel B.Moral binding:How emotions,convictions,and identity fusion shape progroup behavior.Self and Identity,2018,17(5):549-573
26查晓坤.道德基础理论视角下道德失败对道德判断的特异性影响.浙江大学,2013
27 Carlo G,Hausmann A,Christiansen S,Brandy A.Randall,sociocognitive and behavioral correlates of a measure of prosocial tendencies for adolescents.Journal of Early Adolescence,2003,23(1):107-134
28丛文君.大学生亲社会行为类型的研究.南京:南京师范大学,2008
29彭光谦.美国的忠诚宣誓:一个国家,不容分裂.世界知识,2005,(7):148-150.
30王美芳,牛骅,赵晓.儿童版父母教养方式问卷的修订.中国临床心理学杂志,2018,26(1):6-11
31徐同洁,刘燕君,胡平,彭申立.道德两难困境范式在心理学研究中的使用:回顾与展望.中国临床心理学杂志,2018,26(3):458-461