户用光伏系统发电量与系统综合效率分析
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摘要
为了解户用光伏系统发电量和系统各效率衰减情况,持续跟踪、记录容量为6 kW的户用光伏系统近几年的发电量相关数据。通过理论计算和电站记录的各项数据分析发现:上海地区2015～2017年发电量逐年增加;在这三年中,组件方阵每年衰减率在4.5%～6.5%之间,系统综合效率总的相对衰减不超过4%;晴天各时段方阵转换效率与系统综合效率变化趋势相同;雨天各时段逆变器效率、方阵转换效率、系统综合效率变化趋势几乎相同。
To study the attenuation of power generation and system efficiency of the household photovoltaic(PV) system,a household PV system with capacity of 6 kW was designed and installed. The data of generating capacity in 2015, 2016 and 2017 was continuously tracked and recorded. Data analysis and theoretical calculation results showed that:during this 3 years, the power generation in Shanghai increased year by year; the annual attenuation rate of the square matrix was between 4.5% and 6.5%, and the overall relative attenuation of the PV system was less than 4%; the trend of the component matrix conversion efficiency was the same as the system comprehensive efficiency in different periods of sunny days; on rainy days, the trend of dc-to-ac converter efficiency, matrix conversion efficiency and system synthesis efficiency were the same.
To study the attenuation of power generation and system efficiency of the household photovoltaic(PV) system,a household PV system with capacity of 6 kW was designed and installed. The data of generating capacity in 2015, 2016 and 2017 was continuously tracked and recorded. Data analysis and theoretical calculation results showed that:during this 3 years, the power generation in Shanghai increased year by year; the annual attenuation rate of the square matrix was between 4.5% and 6.5%, and the overall relative attenuation of the PV system was less than 4%; the trend of the component matrix conversion efficiency was the same as the system comprehensive efficiency in different periods of sunny days; on rainy days, the trend of dc-to-ac converter efficiency, matrix conversion efficiency and system synthesis efficiency were the same.
引文
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[2]ORESKI G,WALLNER G M.Evaluation of the aging behavior of ethylene copolymer films for solar applications under accelerated weathering conditions[J].Solar energy,2009,83(7):1040-1047.DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2009.01.009.
[3]ROSELL J I,IBá?EZ M.Modelling power output in photovoltaic modules for outdoor operating conditions[J].Energy conversion and management,2006,47(15/16):2424-2430.DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2005.11.004.
[4]杨威,杨洋.基于光伏组件衰减的多年发电量计算常见问题及探讨[J].太阳能,2016(8):76-78,45.
[5]NASA.NASA surface meteorology and solar energylocation[DB/OL].https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/49711c6184323efa451b7c64.html.
[6]李钟实.太阳能光伏发电系统设计施工与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2012:110-160.
[7]杨金焕,毛家俊,陈中华.不同方位倾斜面上太阳辐射量及最佳倾角的计算[J].上海交通大学学报,2002,36(7):1032-1036.
[8]武新芳,刘永生,郭保智,等.光伏微电网的运行控制研究[R].上海:上海电力学院,2015:44-54.
[9]上海市生态环境局.《2016年上海市环境状况公报》《2017年上海市环境状况公报》[EB/OL].(2017-06-02)(2018-06-04).http://www.sepb.gov.cn/fa/cms/shhj/shhj2143/index.shtml.
[10]WU X F,LIU Y S,XU J,et al.Monitoring the performance of the building attached photovoltaic(BAPV)system in Shanghai[J].Energy and buildings,2015,88:174-182.DOI:10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.11.073.
[11]MUNOZ M A,ALONSO-GARCíA M C,VELA N,et al.Early degradation of silicon PV modules and guaranty conditions[J].Solar energy,2011,85(9):2264-2274.DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2011.06.011.
[12]陈萼,孙韵琳,洪瑞江,等.长期使用的多晶硅光伏组件发电性能分析与评估[J].太阳能学报,2013,34(2):227-232.
[13]WITTKOPF S,VALLIAPPAN S,LIU L Y,et al.Analytical performance monitoring of a 142.5 KWP gridconnected rooftop BIPV system in Singapore[J].Renewable energy,2012,47:9-20.DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2012.03.034.
[14]太阳光发电协会.太阳能光伏发电系统的设计与施工[M].宁亚东,译.北京:科学出版社,2013:102-103.
[15]SHARMA V,CHANDEL S S.Performance and degradation analysis for long term reliability of solar photovoltaic systems:A review[J].Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2013,27:753-767.DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2013.07.046.
[16]ORESKI G,WALLNER G M.Aging mechanisms of polymeric films for PV encapsulation[J].Solar energy,2005,79(6):612-617.DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2005.02.008.