钢框筒Pushover分析侧向力分布方式的影响比较
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摘要
钢框筒结构是空间受力结构,Pushover分析时侧向力直接施加在腹板框架上是否合适和对钢框筒设计安全性的影响需要评估。利用SAP2000软件对2个30层钢框筒结构进行了双向地震弹塑性时程分析和四种侧向力分布方式的Pushover分析,并比较了它们的层间位移角、基底剪力、塑性铰分布,以及分析了高度等效分布中高度影响因子k的影响。研究表明:倒三角分布、多振型组合分布(SRSS分布)和高度等效分布与时程分析的结果存在一定的偏差,不足以考虑大震下剪力滞后效应对结构偏下楼层的柱的影响;均匀分布在大震下的塑性铰分布可在一定程度上预测偏下楼层可能的柱铰和梁铰;高度等效分布在中震或大震下过高估计了高阶振型的影响,可考虑k取1.4来减小这种影响。Pushover方法在钢框筒的初步设计中具有一定的价值,宜优先考虑SRSS分布和均匀分布方式,且应重点关注大震下的塑性铰分布,仍建议在Pushover分析基础上用弹塑性时程分析进行双向或三向大震下的校核。
Steel framed-tube structure is a spatially stressed structure, and whether lateral load of Pushover analysis imposed on web frames directly is feasible and the impact of lateral load pattern on design safety of steel framed-tube structure needs to be evaluated. Elasto-plastic time history analysis of bi-directional earthquake and Pushover analysis of four lateral load patterns are conducted for two 30-storey steel framed-tube structures by SAP2000 software, and storey drift angles, base shear and plastic hinge distribution for various lateral load patterns are compared to results of time history analysis, furthermore influence of height impact factor k in height equivalent pattern is analyzed. The results show that there is a certain deviation between inverted triangle pattern, multi-mode combined pattern(SRSS pattern), and height equivalent pattern and time history analysis, it is not enough for lateral load patterns to consider influence of shear lag effect on columns of the lower storey of the structure under rare earthquake; the plastic hinge distribution of uniform distribution under rare earthquake can predict possible column hinges and beam hinges of lower storey to a certain extent; height equivalent distribution overestimates influence of high-order mode under moderate or rare earthquake, and when k takes 1.4, the influence can be reduced. Pushover method has certain value in the preliminary design of steel framed-tube structure, and SRSS pattern and uniform pattern should be considered first, and plastic hinge distribution of structure under rare earthquake should be focused on, and it is still recommended to use elasto-plastic time history analysis to check under bi-directional or three-dimensional rare earthquake on the basis of Pushover analysis.
Steel framed-tube structure is a spatially stressed structure, and whether lateral load of Pushover analysis imposed on web frames directly is feasible and the impact of lateral load pattern on design safety of steel framed-tube structure needs to be evaluated. Elasto-plastic time history analysis of bi-directional earthquake and Pushover analysis of four lateral load patterns are conducted for two 30-storey steel framed-tube structures by SAP2000 software, and storey drift angles, base shear and plastic hinge distribution for various lateral load patterns are compared to results of time history analysis, furthermore influence of height impact factor k in height equivalent pattern is analyzed. The results show that there is a certain deviation between inverted triangle pattern, multi-mode combined pattern(SRSS pattern), and height equivalent pattern and time history analysis, it is not enough for lateral load patterns to consider influence of shear lag effect on columns of the lower storey of the structure under rare earthquake; the plastic hinge distribution of uniform distribution under rare earthquake can predict possible column hinges and beam hinges of lower storey to a certain extent; height equivalent distribution overestimates influence of high-order mode under moderate or rare earthquake, and when k takes 1.4, the influence can be reduced. Pushover method has certain value in the preliminary design of steel framed-tube structure, and SRSS pattern and uniform pattern should be considered first, and plastic hinge distribution of structure under rare earthquake should be focused on, and it is still recommended to use elasto-plastic time history analysis to check under bi-directional or three-dimensional rare earthquake on the basis of Pushover analysis.
引文
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[4] 孟焕陵, 沈蒲生. 框筒结构裙梁最大跨高比研究[J]. 重庆建筑大学学报, 2006, 28(2): 62-65.Meng Huanling, SHEN Pusheng. Research on the maximum ratio of beam's span to height in framed-tube structures [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University, 2006, 28(2): 62-65. (in Chinese)
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[7] 陈建兴, 姜文伟, 穆为. Pushover分析在性能化抗震设计中的应用[J]. 结构工程师, 2008, 24(3): 81-86.CHEN Jianxing, JIANG Wenwei, MU Wei. Application of Pushover analysis in performance based seismic design [J]. Structural Engineers, 2008, 24(3): 81-86. (in Chinese)
[8] 孙爱伏, 欧进萍. 高层钢结构抗震pushover分析的侧向力分布方式及其影响[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2008, 28(4): 88-93.SUN Aifu, OU Jinping. Lateral action patterns and their effects on Pushover seismic analysis of steel tall buildings [J]. Earthquake Engineering & Engineering Dynamics, 2008, 28(4): 88-93. (in Chinese)
[9] Krawinkler H, Seneviratna G D P K. Pros and cons of a pushover analysis of seismic performance evaluation [J]. Engineering Structures, 1998, 20(4):452-464.
[10] 侯爽, 欧进萍. 结构Pushover分析的侧向力分布及高阶振型影响[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2004, 24(3): 89-97.HOU Shuang, OU Jinping. A study of load pattern selection of Pushover analysis and influence of higher modes [J]. Earthquake Engineering & Engineering Dynamics, 2004, 24(3): 89-97. (in Chinese)
[11] 缪志伟, 马千里, 叶列平, 等. Pushover方法的准确性和适用性研究[J]. 工程抗震与加固改造, 2008, 30(1): 55-59.MIAO Zhiwei, MA Qianli, YE Lieping, et al. Study on the accuracy and applicability of the Pushover Analysis [J]. Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting, 2008, 30(1): 55-59. (in Chinese)
[12] 侯爱波, 汪梦甫, 周锡元. Pushover分析方法中各种不同的侧向荷载分布方式的影响[J]. 世界地震工程, 2007, 23(3): 120-128.HOU Aibo, WANG Mengfu, ZHOU Xiyuan. The effect of many different lateral load patterns in the pushover analysis [J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 2007, 23(3): 120-128. (in Chinese)
[13] 熊向阳, 戚震华. 侧向荷载分布方式对静力弹塑性分析结果的影响[J]. 建筑科学, 2001, 17(5): 8-13.XIONG Xiangyang, QI Zhenhua. The influence of lateral load patterns on the results of static Pushover analysis [J]. Building Science, 2001, 17(5): 8-13. (in Chinese)
[14] 关彬林, 连鸣, 苏明周, 等. 高层钢框筒结构截面尺寸预估的新方法[J]. 西安建筑科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2018, 50(4): 526-535. GUAN Binlin, LIAN Ming, SU Mingzhou, et al. A new method for estimating section dimension of high-rise steel framed-tube structure [J]. J.Xi’an Univ. of Arch. & Tech: Natural Science Edition, 2018, 50(4): 526-535. (in Chinese)
[15] GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2010. GB50011-2010 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings [S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2010. (in Chinese)
[16] 李琳, 温瑞智, 冀昆. 强震动记录选取的目标谱确定方法[J]. 世界地震工程, 2016, 32(1): 188-194.LI Lin, WEN Ruizhi, JI Kun. Method for determination of target spectrum by selecting strong motion records [J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 2016, 32(1): 188-194. (in Chinese)
[17] 杨溥, 李英民, 赖明. 结构时程分析法输入地震波的选择控制指标[J]. 土木工程学报, 2000, 33(6): 33-37.YANG Pu, LI Yingmin, Lai Ming. A new method for selecting inputting waves for time-history analysis [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2000, 33(6): 33-37. (in Chinese)
[18] 孙亚. 带可更换钢连梁的混合联肢剪力墙抗震性能研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2015.SUN Ya. Study on seismic behavior of hybrid coupled wall with replaceable steel coupling beams [D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[19] 曲哲, 叶列平, 潘鹏. 建筑结构弹塑性时程分析中地震动记录选取方法的比较研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2011, 44(7): 10-21.QU Zhe, YE Lieping, PAN Peng. Comparative study on methods of selecting earthquake ground motions for nonlinear time history analyses of building structures [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2011, 44(7): 10-21. (in Chinese)
[20] ATC -40. Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings [R]. Applied Technology Council, Red WoodCity, California, 1996.
[21] 住房和城乡建设部工程质量安全监管司. 2009全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施/结构/结构体系[M]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2009.Department of Housing Quality and Safety Supervision, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. 2009 national civil engineering design technical measures / structure / structure system [M]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2009.(in Chinese)
[2] 曹希尧, 李家宝, 李存权. 框筒结构两种典型简化分析方法的综合比较[J]. 湖南大学学报. 1997, 24(1): 87-92.CAO Xiyao, LI Jiabao, LI Cunquan. Comparison of two typical simplified analysis methods for frame tube structures [J]. Journal of Hunan University, 1997, 24(1): 87-92. (in Chinese)
[3] 金仁和, 魏德敏. 框筒结构剪力滞后研究现状与思考[J]. 建筑钢结构进展, 2008, 10(2): 23-27.JIN Renhe, WEI Demin. Current investigation and expectation on the shear lag of framed-tube structures [J]. Progress in Steel Building Structures, 2008, 10(2): 23-27. (in Chinese)
[4] 孟焕陵, 沈蒲生. 框筒结构裙梁最大跨高比研究[J]. 重庆建筑大学学报, 2006, 28(2): 62-65.Meng Huanling, SHEN Pusheng. Research on the maximum ratio of beam's span to height in framed-tube structures [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University, 2006, 28(2): 62-65. (in Chinese)
[5] 李家宝, 李存权, 蔡松柏. 高层框筒结构的剪力滞[J]. 湖南大学学报: 自然科学版, 1991, 18(2): 1-11.LI Jiabao, LI Cunquan, CAI Songbai. On the shear-lag effect of tall frame-shear wall structures [J]. Journal of Hunan University: Natural Science, 1991, 18(2): 1-11. (in Chinese)
[6] JGJ99-2015高层民用建筑钢结构技术规程[S]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2015.JGJ99-2015 Technical Specification for Steel Structure of Tall Building [S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2015. (in Chinese)
[7] 陈建兴, 姜文伟, 穆为. Pushover分析在性能化抗震设计中的应用[J]. 结构工程师, 2008, 24(3): 81-86.CHEN Jianxing, JIANG Wenwei, MU Wei. Application of Pushover analysis in performance based seismic design [J]. Structural Engineers, 2008, 24(3): 81-86. (in Chinese)
[8] 孙爱伏, 欧进萍. 高层钢结构抗震pushover分析的侧向力分布方式及其影响[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2008, 28(4): 88-93.SUN Aifu, OU Jinping. Lateral action patterns and their effects on Pushover seismic analysis of steel tall buildings [J]. Earthquake Engineering & Engineering Dynamics, 2008, 28(4): 88-93. (in Chinese)
[9] Krawinkler H, Seneviratna G D P K. Pros and cons of a pushover analysis of seismic performance evaluation [J]. Engineering Structures, 1998, 20(4):452-464.
[10] 侯爽, 欧进萍. 结构Pushover分析的侧向力分布及高阶振型影响[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2004, 24(3): 89-97.HOU Shuang, OU Jinping. A study of load pattern selection of Pushover analysis and influence of higher modes [J]. Earthquake Engineering & Engineering Dynamics, 2004, 24(3): 89-97. (in Chinese)
[11] 缪志伟, 马千里, 叶列平, 等. Pushover方法的准确性和适用性研究[J]. 工程抗震与加固改造, 2008, 30(1): 55-59.MIAO Zhiwei, MA Qianli, YE Lieping, et al. Study on the accuracy and applicability of the Pushover Analysis [J]. Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting, 2008, 30(1): 55-59. (in Chinese)
[12] 侯爱波, 汪梦甫, 周锡元. Pushover分析方法中各种不同的侧向荷载分布方式的影响[J]. 世界地震工程, 2007, 23(3): 120-128.HOU Aibo, WANG Mengfu, ZHOU Xiyuan. The effect of many different lateral load patterns in the pushover analysis [J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 2007, 23(3): 120-128. (in Chinese)
[13] 熊向阳, 戚震华. 侧向荷载分布方式对静力弹塑性分析结果的影响[J]. 建筑科学, 2001, 17(5): 8-13.XIONG Xiangyang, QI Zhenhua. The influence of lateral load patterns on the results of static Pushover analysis [J]. Building Science, 2001, 17(5): 8-13. (in Chinese)
[14] 关彬林, 连鸣, 苏明周, 等. 高层钢框筒结构截面尺寸预估的新方法[J]. 西安建筑科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2018, 50(4): 526-535. GUAN Binlin, LIAN Ming, SU Mingzhou, et al. A new method for estimating section dimension of high-rise steel framed-tube structure [J]. J.Xi’an Univ. of Arch. & Tech: Natural Science Edition, 2018, 50(4): 526-535. (in Chinese)
[15] GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2010. GB50011-2010 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings [S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2010. (in Chinese)
[16] 李琳, 温瑞智, 冀昆. 强震动记录选取的目标谱确定方法[J]. 世界地震工程, 2016, 32(1): 188-194.LI Lin, WEN Ruizhi, JI Kun. Method for determination of target spectrum by selecting strong motion records [J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 2016, 32(1): 188-194. (in Chinese)
[17] 杨溥, 李英民, 赖明. 结构时程分析法输入地震波的选择控制指标[J]. 土木工程学报, 2000, 33(6): 33-37.YANG Pu, LI Yingmin, Lai Ming. A new method for selecting inputting waves for time-history analysis [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2000, 33(6): 33-37. (in Chinese)
[18] 孙亚. 带可更换钢连梁的混合联肢剪力墙抗震性能研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2015.SUN Ya. Study on seismic behavior of hybrid coupled wall with replaceable steel coupling beams [D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[19] 曲哲, 叶列平, 潘鹏. 建筑结构弹塑性时程分析中地震动记录选取方法的比较研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2011, 44(7): 10-21.QU Zhe, YE Lieping, PAN Peng. Comparative study on methods of selecting earthquake ground motions for nonlinear time history analyses of building structures [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2011, 44(7): 10-21. (in Chinese)
[20] ATC -40. Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings [R]. Applied Technology Council, Red WoodCity, California, 1996.
[21] 住房和城乡建设部工程质量安全监管司. 2009全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施/结构/结构体系[M]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2009.Department of Housing Quality and Safety Supervision, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. 2009 national civil engineering design technical measures / structure / structure system [M]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2009.(in Chinese)