玉米清选组合孔筛体设计与试验
|
摘要
为增强玉米清选筛体对高喂入量脱出物的筛分能力,以适应玉米联合收获机快速发展要求,以玉米籽粒为研究对象,对贝壳筛体作业机理进行分析,探究筛分过程中籽粒在贝壳筛体上运动状态,得到贝壳筛对籽粒的筛分特性和籽粒的透筛模型。为增大籽粒透筛概率,基于贝壳筛和圆孔筛的筛分特性,设计了贝壳-圆孔组合孔筛体。在玉米脱出物不同喂入量条件下进行仿真试验,对组合孔筛、圆孔筛、贝壳筛作业效果进行对比,结果表明:在喂入量为6 kg/s情况下,组合孔筛作业后的籽粒损失率、清洁率和筛分时间分别为1. 15%、97. 53%和5. 50 s,均满足国家标准要求,且组合孔筛的籽粒损失率比圆孔筛和贝壳筛分别减少了5. 79个百分点和7. 84个百分点,通过台架试验验证了仿真结果准确性。在喂入量分别为5 kg/s和6 kg/s条件下对组合孔筛与阶梯筛筛分效果进行对比,在喂入量为6 kg/s、气流速度为12. 8 m/s、气流方向角30°、振动频率为5. 15 Hz时,组合孔筛相对阶梯筛籽粒损失率降低5. 60个百分点,筛分时间缩短0. 93 s,清选效果提高。
Aiming to increase the carrying capacity of maize cleaning sieve to high feed quantity to meet the requirement of rapid development of maize grain harvester. Through the analysis of mechanism of shellfish screening,the screening performance and the model of maize screening were obtained. In order to increase the probability of grain permeation,based on the screening characteristics of shell sieve and round sieve,the maize combined sieve which consisted of the shapes of shellfish and round hole was designed. Under the conditions of different feeding quantities of maize extractives,the simulation tests which included combined sieve,single round hole sieve and single shellfish screening test separately were carried out,then their screening performances were compared and analyzed. The results showed that compared with the single round hole sieve and the shellfish sieve respectively,the loss rates of maize of combined sieve was decreased by 4. 79 percentage points and 7. 85 percentage points when the feeding quantity was 5 kg/s,the loss rates of maize of combined sieve was decreased by 5. 79 percentage points and 7. 84 percentage points when the feeding quantity was 6 kg/s. Under the condition of feeding quantity was 2 ～ 6 kg/s,the cleaning rate and sieving time were 99. 22% to 97. 53% and 4. 87 s to 5. 50 s partly,thus all indicators met the national standards. The performance of the combined sieve was verified by bench test. The loss rate of maize,cleaning rate of maize and screening time of the combined sieve were 1. 09%,95. 94% and 6. 48 s,when feeding quantity was 6 kg/s,respectively. Compared with the stepped sieve,the combined sieve grain loss rate was reduced by 5. 60 percentage points,the screening time was shortened by 0. 93 s,and the performance of the cleaning device was further improved.
Aiming to increase the carrying capacity of maize cleaning sieve to high feed quantity to meet the requirement of rapid development of maize grain harvester. Through the analysis of mechanism of shellfish screening,the screening performance and the model of maize screening were obtained. In order to increase the probability of grain permeation,based on the screening characteristics of shell sieve and round sieve,the maize combined sieve which consisted of the shapes of shellfish and round hole was designed. Under the conditions of different feeding quantities of maize extractives,the simulation tests which included combined sieve,single round hole sieve and single shellfish screening test separately were carried out,then their screening performances were compared and analyzed. The results showed that compared with the single round hole sieve and the shellfish sieve respectively,the loss rates of maize of combined sieve was decreased by 4. 79 percentage points and 7. 85 percentage points when the feeding quantity was 5 kg/s,the loss rates of maize of combined sieve was decreased by 5. 79 percentage points and 7. 84 percentage points when the feeding quantity was 6 kg/s. Under the condition of feeding quantity was 2 ～ 6 kg/s,the cleaning rate and sieving time were 99. 22% to 97. 53% and 4. 87 s to 5. 50 s partly,thus all indicators met the national standards. The performance of the combined sieve was verified by bench test. The loss rate of maize,cleaning rate of maize and screening time of the combined sieve were 1. 09%,95. 94% and 6. 48 s,when feeding quantity was 6 kg/s,respectively. Compared with the stepped sieve,the combined sieve grain loss rate was reduced by 5. 60 percentage points,the screening time was shortened by 0. 93 s,and the performance of the cleaning device was further improved.
引文
[1]江崎春雄,三浦恭志郎,今园支和,等.自脱コンバインの高性能化に関する研究[M].日本农业机械化研究所,1972:28-30.
[2]魏纯才,李耀明,徐立章,等.大喂入量水稻联合收获机脱粒清选装置的设计与试验[J].农机化研究,2018,40(8):70-74.WEI Chuncai,LI Yaoming,XU Lizhang,et al.Design and experimental study of large feed quantity crawler full feeding rice combine harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(8):70-74.(in Chinese)
[3]李耀明,赵湛,陈进,等.风筛式清选装置上物料的非线性运动规律[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):142-147.LI Yaoming,ZHAO Zhan,CHEN Jin,et al.Nonlinear motion law of material on air-and-screen cleaning mechanism[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(11):142-147.(in Chinese)
[4]焦红光,李靖如,赵跃民.筛孔孔径和筛面倾角优化配置的试验研究[J].选煤技术,2007(2):1-4,72.JIAO Hongguang,LI Jingru,ZHAO Yuemin.Test and research on optimum configuration of diameter of screen aperture and incline of screen deck[J].Coal Preparation Technology,2007(2):1-4,72.(in Chinese)
[5]钟挺,胡志超,顾峰玮,等.4LZ-1.0Q型稻麦联合收获机脱粒清选部件试验与优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(10):76-81.ZHONG Ting,HU Zhichao,GU Fengwei,et al.Optimization and experiment for threshing and cleaning parts of 4LZ-1.0Qcereal combine harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(10):76-81.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20121014&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.10.014.(in Chinese)
[6]王立军,张传根,丁振军.玉米收获机清选筛体结构优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):108-114.WANG Lijun,ZHANG Chuan'gen,DING Zhenjun.Structure optimization of cleaning screen for maize harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):108-114.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160916&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.09.016.(in Chinese)
[7]江海深,赵跃民,张博,等.基于DEM的筛面与物料特性在筛分过程中协同作用的研究[J].矿山机械,2014,42(1):83-87.JIANG Haishen,ZHAO Yuemin,ZHANG Bo,et al.Study on cooperative effects of screening surface and material characteristics during screening process based on DEM[J].Mining&Processing Equipment,2014,42(1):83-87.(in Chinese)
[8]LI J,WEBB C,PANDIELLA S S,et al.A numerical simulation of separation of crop seeds by screening-effect of particle bed depth[J].Food and Bioproducts Processing,2002,80(2):109-117.
[9]焦红光,赵跃民,骆振福,等.概率筛面的参数优化研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(3):384-388.JIAO Hongguang,ZHAO Yuemin,LUO Zhenfu,et al.Parameters optimization of probability screen plane[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(3):384-388.(in Chinese)
[10]CLEARY P W,SINNOTT M D,MORRISON R D.Separation performance of double deck banana screens-part 2:quantitative predictions[J].Miner.Eng.,2009,22(14):1230-1244.
[11]FERNANDEZ J W,CLEARY P W,SINNOTT M D,et al.Using SPH one-way coupled to DEM to model wet industrial banana screens[J].Miner.Eng.,2011,24(8):741-753.
[12]韩丹丹,张东兴,杨丽,等.基于EDEM-CFD耦合的内充气吹式排种器优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(11):43-51.HAN Dandan,ZHANG Dongxing,YANG Li,et al.Optimization and experiment of inside-filling air-blowing seed metering device based on EDEM-CFD[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11):43-51.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20171106&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.11.006.(in Chinese)
[13]马秋成,雷林韬,卢安舸,等.基于CFD-DEM耦合法的莲子壳仁分离装置优化与试验分析[J].食品与机械,2016,32(12):87-91.MA Qiucheng,LEI Lintao,LU Ange,et al.Simulation optimization and test of pneumatic separating device for lotus seed shell and kernel base[J].Food&Machinery,2016,32(12):87-91.(in Chinese)
[14]蒋恩臣,孙占峰,潘志洋,等.基于CFD-DEM收获机分离室内谷物运动模拟与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(4):117-122.JIANG Enchen,SUN Zhanfeng,PAN Zhiyang,et al.Numerical simulation based on CFD-DEM and experiment of grain moving laws in inertia separation chamber[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(4):117-122.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140418&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.04.018.(in Chinese)
[15]王志华,陈翠英.基于ADAMS的联合收割机振动筛虚拟设计[J].农业机械学报,2003,34(4):53-56.WANG Zhihua,CHEN Cuiying.Virtual design of vibrating sieve of combine harvester based on ADAMS[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2003,34(4):53-56.(in Chinese)
[16]刘兴博,叶彤,杨金砖.籽粒玉米收获机脱出物空气动力学特性分析及清选方法[J].农机使用与维修,2014(7):17-18.
[17]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册(下册)[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007:963-966.
[18]王立军,李洋,梁昌,等.贯流风筛清选装置内玉米脱出物运动规律研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):122-127.WANG Lijun,LI Yang,LIANG Chang,et al.Motion law of maize mixture in cross air-and-screen cleaning device[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(9):122-127.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150918&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.09.018.(in Chinese)
[19]WANG Lijun,ZHOU Wenxiu,DING Zhenjun,et al.Experimental deter-mination of parameter effects on the coefficient of restitution of differently shaped maize in three-dimensions[J].Powder Technology,2015,284:187-194.
[20]王立军,冯鑫,武振超,等.玉米联合收获机贯流风阶梯式振动筛设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(9):115-123.WANG Lijun,FENG Xin,WU Zhenchao,et al.Design and test of stepped vibrating screen with cross air for maize harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(9):115-123.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20181013&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.10.013.(in Chinese)
[2]魏纯才,李耀明,徐立章,等.大喂入量水稻联合收获机脱粒清选装置的设计与试验[J].农机化研究,2018,40(8):70-74.WEI Chuncai,LI Yaoming,XU Lizhang,et al.Design and experimental study of large feed quantity crawler full feeding rice combine harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(8):70-74.(in Chinese)
[3]李耀明,赵湛,陈进,等.风筛式清选装置上物料的非线性运动规律[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):142-147.LI Yaoming,ZHAO Zhan,CHEN Jin,et al.Nonlinear motion law of material on air-and-screen cleaning mechanism[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(11):142-147.(in Chinese)
[4]焦红光,李靖如,赵跃民.筛孔孔径和筛面倾角优化配置的试验研究[J].选煤技术,2007(2):1-4,72.JIAO Hongguang,LI Jingru,ZHAO Yuemin.Test and research on optimum configuration of diameter of screen aperture and incline of screen deck[J].Coal Preparation Technology,2007(2):1-4,72.(in Chinese)
[5]钟挺,胡志超,顾峰玮,等.4LZ-1.0Q型稻麦联合收获机脱粒清选部件试验与优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(10):76-81.ZHONG Ting,HU Zhichao,GU Fengwei,et al.Optimization and experiment for threshing and cleaning parts of 4LZ-1.0Qcereal combine harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(10):76-81.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20121014&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.10.014.(in Chinese)
[6]王立军,张传根,丁振军.玉米收获机清选筛体结构优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):108-114.WANG Lijun,ZHANG Chuan'gen,DING Zhenjun.Structure optimization of cleaning screen for maize harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):108-114.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160916&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.09.016.(in Chinese)
[7]江海深,赵跃民,张博,等.基于DEM的筛面与物料特性在筛分过程中协同作用的研究[J].矿山机械,2014,42(1):83-87.JIANG Haishen,ZHAO Yuemin,ZHANG Bo,et al.Study on cooperative effects of screening surface and material characteristics during screening process based on DEM[J].Mining&Processing Equipment,2014,42(1):83-87.(in Chinese)
[8]LI J,WEBB C,PANDIELLA S S,et al.A numerical simulation of separation of crop seeds by screening-effect of particle bed depth[J].Food and Bioproducts Processing,2002,80(2):109-117.
[9]焦红光,赵跃民,骆振福,等.概率筛面的参数优化研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(3):384-388.JIAO Hongguang,ZHAO Yuemin,LUO Zhenfu,et al.Parameters optimization of probability screen plane[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(3):384-388.(in Chinese)
[10]CLEARY P W,SINNOTT M D,MORRISON R D.Separation performance of double deck banana screens-part 2:quantitative predictions[J].Miner.Eng.,2009,22(14):1230-1244.
[11]FERNANDEZ J W,CLEARY P W,SINNOTT M D,et al.Using SPH one-way coupled to DEM to model wet industrial banana screens[J].Miner.Eng.,2011,24(8):741-753.
[12]韩丹丹,张东兴,杨丽,等.基于EDEM-CFD耦合的内充气吹式排种器优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(11):43-51.HAN Dandan,ZHANG Dongxing,YANG Li,et al.Optimization and experiment of inside-filling air-blowing seed metering device based on EDEM-CFD[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11):43-51.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20171106&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.11.006.(in Chinese)
[13]马秋成,雷林韬,卢安舸,等.基于CFD-DEM耦合法的莲子壳仁分离装置优化与试验分析[J].食品与机械,2016,32(12):87-91.MA Qiucheng,LEI Lintao,LU Ange,et al.Simulation optimization and test of pneumatic separating device for lotus seed shell and kernel base[J].Food&Machinery,2016,32(12):87-91.(in Chinese)
[14]蒋恩臣,孙占峰,潘志洋,等.基于CFD-DEM收获机分离室内谷物运动模拟与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(4):117-122.JIANG Enchen,SUN Zhanfeng,PAN Zhiyang,et al.Numerical simulation based on CFD-DEM and experiment of grain moving laws in inertia separation chamber[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(4):117-122.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140418&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.04.018.(in Chinese)
[15]王志华,陈翠英.基于ADAMS的联合收割机振动筛虚拟设计[J].农业机械学报,2003,34(4):53-56.WANG Zhihua,CHEN Cuiying.Virtual design of vibrating sieve of combine harvester based on ADAMS[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2003,34(4):53-56.(in Chinese)
[16]刘兴博,叶彤,杨金砖.籽粒玉米收获机脱出物空气动力学特性分析及清选方法[J].农机使用与维修,2014(7):17-18.
[17]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册(下册)[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007:963-966.
[18]王立军,李洋,梁昌,等.贯流风筛清选装置内玉米脱出物运动规律研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):122-127.WANG Lijun,LI Yang,LIANG Chang,et al.Motion law of maize mixture in cross air-and-screen cleaning device[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(9):122-127.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150918&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.09.018.(in Chinese)
[19]WANG Lijun,ZHOU Wenxiu,DING Zhenjun,et al.Experimental deter-mination of parameter effects on the coefficient of restitution of differently shaped maize in three-dimensions[J].Powder Technology,2015,284:187-194.
[20]王立军,冯鑫,武振超,等.玉米联合收获机贯流风阶梯式振动筛设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(9):115-123.WANG Lijun,FENG Xin,WU Zhenchao,et al.Design and test of stepped vibrating screen with cross air for maize harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(9):115-123.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20181013&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.10.013.(in Chinese)