峰前循环剪切作用下岩石节理损伤特征与剪切特性试验研究
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摘要
采用水刀切割加工原岩试样,开展含二阶起伏体的均质砂岩试样的峰前循环加载直剪试验,研究不同破坏模式下岩石节理的累积损伤特征,并分析循环加载次数、加载速率与幅值等因素对岩石节理剪切特性的影响规律。结果表明:(1)发生爬坡破坏模式的节理,其损伤特征主要表现为二阶起伏体的磨损;而啃断破坏模式下主要表现为一阶起伏体上的损伤裂纹开展和贯通;在爬坡–啃断破坏模式下,岩石节理的损伤特征则兼有爬坡破坏与啃断破坏的损伤特征。(2)岩石节理的峰值抗剪强度随着循环加载次数的增加呈先增后减的变化趋势,但残余抗剪强度受加载次数的影响不大;随着循环加载速率增大、幅值增加,节理的峰值抗剪强度劣化速度加快,峰值抗剪强度降低。(3)峰前循环加载对岩石节理造成的影响可归结为接触效应和损伤效应,在节理经历峰前循环剪切过程中,上述2种效应的演变是造成其峰值抗剪强度先增后减的根本原因。
To investigate the cumulative damage characteristics of rock joints under different failure modes,the original rock samples with second-order asperities were obtained by adopting water knife cutting processing method,and the direct shear test was carried out under pre-peak cyclic loading conditions. The influence of the cyclic loading times,the loading rate and the loading amplitude on shear properties of rock joints were analyzed. Results show that the cumulative damage of a rock joint with climbing failure mode is characterized by the abrasion of second-order asperities,that the cumulative damage of a rock joint with cutting failure mode is characterized by the crack initiation and crack coalescence of the first-order asperity,and that,under the climbing-cutting failure mode,the cumulative damage of a rock joint has the damage features of the climbing failure and the cutting failure modes. With increasing loading cycles,the peak shear strength of the rock joint presents a trend of increasing at first and decreasing subsequently while the residual shear strength of the rock joint almost keeps stable. When the loading rate or the loading amplitude increases,the deterioration speed of the peak shear strength of the rock joint increases and hence,the peak shear strength of the rock joint decreases. The effect of pre-peak cyclic loading on the rock joint can be attributed to contact effect and damage effect,and the evolution of the two effects is the root cause for the peak shear strength of the rock joint increasing at first and decreasing subsequently during direct shear test under pre-peak cyclic loading.
To investigate the cumulative damage characteristics of rock joints under different failure modes,the original rock samples with second-order asperities were obtained by adopting water knife cutting processing method,and the direct shear test was carried out under pre-peak cyclic loading conditions. The influence of the cyclic loading times,the loading rate and the loading amplitude on shear properties of rock joints were analyzed. Results show that the cumulative damage of a rock joint with climbing failure mode is characterized by the abrasion of second-order asperities,that the cumulative damage of a rock joint with cutting failure mode is characterized by the crack initiation and crack coalescence of the first-order asperity,and that,under the climbing-cutting failure mode,the cumulative damage of a rock joint has the damage features of the climbing failure and the cutting failure modes. With increasing loading cycles,the peak shear strength of the rock joint presents a trend of increasing at first and decreasing subsequently while the residual shear strength of the rock joint almost keeps stable. When the loading rate or the loading amplitude increases,the deterioration speed of the peak shear strength of the rock joint increases and hence,the peak shear strength of the rock joint decreases. The effect of pre-peak cyclic loading on the rock joint can be attributed to contact effect and damage effect,and the evolution of the two effects is the root cause for the peak shear strength of the rock joint increasing at first and decreasing subsequently during direct shear test under pre-peak cyclic loading.
引文
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[16]朱小明,李海波,刘博,等.含二阶起伏体的模拟岩体节理试样剪切特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(2):354-360.(ZHUXiaoming,LI Haibo,LIU Bo,et al.Experimental study of shear characteristics by simulating rock mass joints sample with second-order asperities[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(2):354-360.(in Chinese))
[17]陈德基,汪雍熙,曾新平.三峡工程水库诱发地震问题研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1 513-1 524.(CHEN Deji,WANGYongxi,ZENG Xinping.a study of reservoir-induced earthquake of three gorges project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1 513-1 524.(in Chinese))
[18]马文涛,徐长朋,李海鸥,等.长江三峡水库诱发地震加密观测及地震成因初步分析[J].地震地质,2010,32(4):552-563.(MAWentao,XU Changpeng,LI Haiou,et al.Intensive observation of reservoir-induced earthquake and preliminary analysis on the causes of earthquakes in three gorges reservoir[J].Seismology and Geology,2010,32(4):552-563.(in Chinese))
[19]李海波,蒋会军,赵坚,等.动荷载作用下岩体工程安全的几个问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 887-1 891.(LIHaibo,JIANG Huijun,ZHAO Jian,et al.Some problems about safty analysis of rock engineering under dynamic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 887-1 891.(in Chinese))
[20]FERRERO A M,MIGLIAZZA M,TEBALDI G.Development of a new experimental apparatus for the study of the mechanical behaviour of a rock discontinuity under monotonic and cyclic loads[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2010,43(6):685-695.
[21]TSUBOTA Y,KUNISHI T,IWAKOKE Y,et al.Fundamental studies on dynamic properties of rock joint under cyclic loading using mortar and Ryoke gneiss[C]//Proceddings of the 1st International Conference on Rock Dynamics and Applications(RocDyn).[S.l.]:[s.n.],2013:225-232.
[22]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T 50266-2013工程岩体试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013:25-26.(The National Standards Compilation Group of people′s Republic of China GB/T50266-2013 Standard for test methods of engineering rock mass[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2013:25-26.(in Chinese))
[23]黄达,黄润秋,雷鹏.贯通型锯齿状岩体结构面剪切变形及强度特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(7):1 229-1 237.(HUANG Da,HUANG Runqiu,LEI Peng.Shear deformation and strength of through-going saw-tooth rock discontinuity[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(7):1 229-1 237.(in Chinese))
[2]周友华,胡奉湘,饶云阶,等.地震应力产生传递与集中机制的研究[J].国际地震动态,2004,34(11):8-14.(ZHOU Youhua,HUFengxiang,RAO Yunjie,et al.Researches on the mechanisms for the transform and concentration of seismic stresses[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2004,34(11):8-14.(in Chinese))
[3]刘博,李海波,刘亚群.循环剪切荷载作用下岩石节理变形特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2 475-2 481.(LIU Bo,LIHaibo,LIU Yaqun.Experimental study of deformation behavior of rock joints under cyclic shear loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2 475-2 481.(in Chinese))
[4]HOMAND F,BELEM T,SOULEY M.Friction and degradation of rock joint surfaces under shear loads[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2001,25(10):973-999.
[5]LEE H S,PARK Y J,CHO T F,et al.Influence of asperity degradation on the mechanical behavior of rough rock joints under cyclic shear loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(7):967-980.
[6]JAFARI M K,HOSSEINI K A,PELLET F,et al.Evaluation of shear strength of rock joints subjected to cyclic loading[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2003,23(7):619-630.
[7]刘博,李海波,刘亚群,等.循环荷载作用下节理凸起体概化破坏模型及剪切强度计算分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增2):3 000-3 008.(LIU Bo,LI Haibo,LIU Yaqun,et al.Generalized damage model for asperity and shear strength calculation of joints under cyclic shear loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):3 000-3 008.(in Chinese))
[8]袁小清,刘红岩,刘京平.冻融荷载耦合作用下节理岩体损伤本构模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(8):1 602-1 611.(YUANXiaoqing,LIU Hongyan,LIU Jingping.A damaging model of jointed rock under coupled action of freezing and thawing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(8):1 602-1 611.(in Chinese))
[9]朱小明,李海波,刘博.循环剪切荷载作用下含二阶起伏体模拟岩石节理力学特性研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(2):371-379.(ZHUXiaoming,LI Haibo,LIU Bo.Study of mechanical characteristics of simulated rock joints with second-order asperity under cyclic shear loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(2):371-379.(in Chinese))
[10]JIANG Y,LI B,TANABASHI Y.Estimating the relation between surface roughness and mechanical properties of rock joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2006,43(6):837-846.
[11]BARLA G,BARLA M,MARTINOTTI M E.Development of a new direct shear testing apparatus[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2010,43(1):117-122.
[12]HUANG X,HAIMSON B C,PLESHA M E,et al.An investigation of the mechanics of rock joints-Part I.Laboratory investigation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(3):257-269.
[13]YANG Z Y,DI C C,YEN K C.The effect of asperity order on the roughness of rock joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(5):745-752.
[14]夏才初,孙宗颀.工程岩体节理力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2002:18-29.(XIA CaiChu,Sun ZongQi.Jointed rock mechanics of engineering rock[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2002:18-29.(in Chinese))
[15]朱小明,李海波,刘博,等.含一阶和二阶起伏体节理剪切强度的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(9):1 810-1 818.(ZHU Xiaoming,LI Haibo,LIU Bo,et al.Experimental study of shear strength of joints with first-order and second-order asperities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(9):1 810-1 818.(in Chinese))
[16]朱小明,李海波,刘博,等.含二阶起伏体的模拟岩体节理试样剪切特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(2):354-360.(ZHUXiaoming,LI Haibo,LIU Bo,et al.Experimental study of shear characteristics by simulating rock mass joints sample with second-order asperities[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(2):354-360.(in Chinese))
[17]陈德基,汪雍熙,曾新平.三峡工程水库诱发地震问题研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1 513-1 524.(CHEN Deji,WANGYongxi,ZENG Xinping.a study of reservoir-induced earthquake of three gorges project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1 513-1 524.(in Chinese))
[18]马文涛,徐长朋,李海鸥,等.长江三峡水库诱发地震加密观测及地震成因初步分析[J].地震地质,2010,32(4):552-563.(MAWentao,XU Changpeng,LI Haiou,et al.Intensive observation of reservoir-induced earthquake and preliminary analysis on the causes of earthquakes in three gorges reservoir[J].Seismology and Geology,2010,32(4):552-563.(in Chinese))
[19]李海波,蒋会军,赵坚,等.动荷载作用下岩体工程安全的几个问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 887-1 891.(LIHaibo,JIANG Huijun,ZHAO Jian,et al.Some problems about safty analysis of rock engineering under dynamic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 887-1 891.(in Chinese))
[20]FERRERO A M,MIGLIAZZA M,TEBALDI G.Development of a new experimental apparatus for the study of the mechanical behaviour of a rock discontinuity under monotonic and cyclic loads[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2010,43(6):685-695.
[21]TSUBOTA Y,KUNISHI T,IWAKOKE Y,et al.Fundamental studies on dynamic properties of rock joint under cyclic loading using mortar and Ryoke gneiss[C]//Proceddings of the 1st International Conference on Rock Dynamics and Applications(RocDyn).[S.l.]:[s.n.],2013:225-232.
[22]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T 50266-2013工程岩体试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013:25-26.(The National Standards Compilation Group of people′s Republic of China GB/T50266-2013 Standard for test methods of engineering rock mass[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2013:25-26.(in Chinese))
[23]黄达,黄润秋,雷鹏.贯通型锯齿状岩体结构面剪切变形及强度特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(7):1 229-1 237.(HUANG Da,HUANG Runqiu,LEI Peng.Shear deformation and strength of through-going saw-tooth rock discontinuity[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(7):1 229-1 237.(in Chinese))