南海西部超浅层气田水平井EZFLOW无固相弱凝胶钻井液研究与应用
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摘要
南海西部L气田埋深浅、地层破裂压力低、泥岩含量高,水平井钻进过程中因泥岩造浆导致钻井液黏度、切力升高,循环当量密度(ECD)升高导致压漏地层问题频发。为此,利用岩心驱替试验结果和软件模拟计算ECD相结合的方法优化了EZFLOW钻井液的流变性,并采用高浓度泥岩造浆的方法优化了其抑制性能,用自制的高压填砂承压仪评价了其承压能力。室内评价试验显示,EZFLOW钻井液低剪切速率黏度为15 000~30 000mPa·s时,在直接返排渗透率恢复率达到85%以上的前提下,ECD小于地层破裂压力;优化后的EZFLOW钻井液抑制性和封堵性强,能够抗25%现场泥岩侵污。现场应用发现,EZFLOW钻井液表观黏度随井深波动幅度小,ECD附加值最大仅为0.07g/cm~3,钻进及砾石充填过程中均未发生漏失,产气量均超过配产的10×10~4 m~3/d,最高达16×10~4 m~3/d。研究结果表明,优化后的EZFLOW无固相弱凝胶钻井液能够解决超浅层水平井破裂压力低导致压漏地层和保护储层的问题。
The L Gas Field in the Western South China Sea has a shallow depth and low fracture pressure as well as high mudstone content,which increases viscosity and shear force due to the high rheology of drilling fluid and mudstone mud-making,as well as frequent lost circulation caused by high ECD in horizontal well drilling.Hence,the rheological properties of drilling fluid were optimized by combining the core displacement test results with software-simulated ECD calculations.The method of high-concentration mudstone mud-making was used to optimize the inhibition performance of the drilling fluid,and the selfmade high-pressure sand-filled pressure meter was used to evaluate the pressure bearing capacity of drilling fluid.When the EZFLOW drilling fluid had a viscosity of 15 000-30 000 mPa·s at low shear rate,and when the recovery rate of direct flow back permeability was higher than 85%,the ECD was less than the formation fracture pressure;the optimized drilling fluid demonstrated strong inhibitory and plugging properties,with an ability to resist 25%of in-situ mudstone contamination.Field application results showed that the apparent viscosity of the drilling fluid was insensitive to well depth change,the maximum ECD added value was only 0.07 g/cm~3,no leakage occurred during drilling and gravel packing,and the gas production exceeded the allocated rate of 10×10~4 m~3/d,with the maximum rate of 16×10~4 m~3/d.The study results indicate that an optimized EZFLOW solid-free weak gel drilling fluid can solve the problem of formation break-down caused by low fracture pressure in ultra-shallow horizontal wells as well as reservoir protection.
The L Gas Field in the Western South China Sea has a shallow depth and low fracture pressure as well as high mudstone content,which increases viscosity and shear force due to the high rheology of drilling fluid and mudstone mud-making,as well as frequent lost circulation caused by high ECD in horizontal well drilling.Hence,the rheological properties of drilling fluid were optimized by combining the core displacement test results with software-simulated ECD calculations.The method of high-concentration mudstone mud-making was used to optimize the inhibition performance of the drilling fluid,and the selfmade high-pressure sand-filled pressure meter was used to evaluate the pressure bearing capacity of drilling fluid.When the EZFLOW drilling fluid had a viscosity of 15 000-30 000 mPa·s at low shear rate,and when the recovery rate of direct flow back permeability was higher than 85%,the ECD was less than the formation fracture pressure;the optimized drilling fluid demonstrated strong inhibitory and plugging properties,with an ability to resist 25%of in-situ mudstone contamination.Field application results showed that the apparent viscosity of the drilling fluid was insensitive to well depth change,the maximum ECD added value was only 0.07 g/cm~3,no leakage occurred during drilling and gravel packing,and the gas production exceeded the allocated rate of 10×10~4 m~3/d,with the maximum rate of 16×10~4 m~3/d.The study results indicate that an optimized EZFLOW solid-free weak gel drilling fluid can solve the problem of formation break-down caused by low fracture pressure in ultra-shallow horizontal wells as well as reservoir protection.
引文
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[18]王贵,蒲晓林.提高地层承压能力的钻井液堵漏作用机理[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):1009-1012.WANG Gui,PU Xiaolin.Plugging mechanism of drilling fluid by enhancing wellbore pressure[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):1009-1012.
[19]许成元,康毅力,游利军,等.裂缝性储层渗透率返排恢复率的影响因素[J].石油钻探技术,2012,40(6):17-21.XU Chengyuan,KANG Yili,YOU Lijun,et al.Influential factors on permeability recovery during flowback of fractured reservoirs[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2012,40(6):17-21.
[2]刘魁威,刘霞,邱建军,等.井楼超浅层大位移井水平井钻井液体系[J].断块油气田,2008,15(5):88-90.LIU Kuiwei,LIU Xia,QIU Jianjun,et al.Drilling fluid for extended reach horizontal well with ultra-shallow layer in Block Jinglou[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2008,15(5):88-90.
[3]苏勤,侯绪田.窄安全密度窗口条件下钻井设计技术探讨[J].石油钻探技术,2011,39(3):62-65.SU Qin,HOU Xutian.Research on drilling design techniques for narrow mud weight window[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2011,39(3):62-65.
[4]郝世彦,李伟峰,郭春芬.超低渗浅层油藏水平井钻井技术难点与突破[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(5):15-20.HAO Shiyan,LI Weifeng,GUO Chunfen.Technical difficulties and breakthroughs in drilling horizontal wells in shallow and ultra-low permeability reservoirs[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(5):15-20.
[5]赵家明,胡家森,刘秋霞,等.定向井泥页岩地层复杂事故处理[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(1):23-29.ZHAO Jiaming,HU Jiasen,LIU Qiuxia,et al.Handling of complex accidents in shale formations of directional well[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(1):23-29.
[6]张艳娜,孙金声,王倩,等.国内外钻井液技术新进展[J].天然气工业,2011,31(7):47-54,62.ZHANG Yanna,SUN Jinsheng,WANG Qian,et al.New progress in drilling fluid technology at home and abroad[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(7):47-54,62.
[7]谢克姜,胡文军,方满宗.PRD储层钻井液技术研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(6):99-101.XIE Kejiang,HU Wenjun,FANG Manzong.Research and application of drilling in rluid in reservoir[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(6):99-101.
[8]马美娜,许明标,唐海雄,等.有效降解PRD钻井液的低温破胶剂JPC室内研究[J].油田化学,2005,22(4):289-291.MA Meina,XU Mingbiao,TANG Haixiong,et al.Low temperature gel breaker JPC for breakdown of gelled PRD polymer drilling-in fluid in borehole bottom[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2005,22(4):289-291.
[9]赵峰,唐洪明,张俊斌,等.LF13-1油田PRD钻完井液体系储层保护效果优化研究[J].特种油气藏,2010,17(6):88-90.ZHAO Feng,TANG Hongming,ZHANG Junbin,et al.Optimization ofreservoir protection effect of PRD drilling and completionfluid system for LF13-1Oilfield[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2010,17(6):88-90.
[10]张伟国,许明标,由福昌.直接返排钻井完井液储层保护机理分析[J].钻井液与完井液,2017,34(1):87-91.ZHANG Weiguo,XU Mingbiao,YOU Fuchang.Analysis of reservoir protection mechanism by direct drilling fluid flowback[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2017,34(1):87-91.
[11]韦红术,张俊斌,张伟国,等.泥饼可液化处理的UltraFLO钻井完井液[J].钻井液与完井液,2015,32(4):37-39.WEI Hongshu,ZHANG Junbin,ZHANG Weiguo,et al.UltraFLO drill-in-fluid[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2015,32(4):37-39.
[12]文飞,董殿彬,田玉龙,等.抗高温无固相弱凝胶钻井完井液技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2016,33(4):36-40.WEN Fei,DONG Dianbin,TIAN Yulong et al.High temperature solid free water base drill-in fluid[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2016,33(4):36-40.
[13]郭永宾,管申,刘智勤,等.涠洲12-1油田水平井无固相有机盐钻井液技术[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(6):31-36.GUO Yongbin,GUAN Shen,LIU Zhiqin,et al.Solid-free organic salt drilling fluid for horizontal wells in the Weizhou 12-1Oilfield[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(6):31-36.
[14]田宗强,韦龙贵,韩成,等.东方1-1气田浅层大位移水平井钻井液优化与实践[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(6):713-718.TIAN Zongqiang,WEI Longgui,HAN Cheng,et al.Optimization and application of drilling fluid in the shallow extendedreach horizontal well in Dongfang 1-1Gasfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(6):713-718.
[15]钟汉毅,邱正松,黄维安,等.聚胺水基钻井液特性实验评价[J].油田化学,2010,27(2):119-123.ZHONG Hanyi,QIU Zhengsong,HUANG Weian,et al.Experimental evaluation on polyamine water-based drilling fluid[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2010,27(2):119-123.
[16]钟汉毅,黄维安,林永学,等.新型聚胺页岩抑制剂性能评价[J].石油钻探技术,2011,39(6):44-48.ZHONG Hanyi,HUANG Weian,LIN Yongxue,et al.Performance evaluation of nevel polyamine shale inhibitors[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2011,39(6):44-48.
[17]叶成,戎克生,向冬梅,等.泥页岩胺类抑制剂PEDAS的研制与性能评价[J].断块油气田,2017,24(2):269-272,288.YE Cheng,RONG Kesheng,XIANG Dongmei,et al.Preparation and performance of shale amine inhibitor PEDAS for drilling fluid[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2017,24(2):269-272,288.
[18]王贵,蒲晓林.提高地层承压能力的钻井液堵漏作用机理[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):1009-1012.WANG Gui,PU Xiaolin.Plugging mechanism of drilling fluid by enhancing wellbore pressure[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):1009-1012.
[19]许成元,康毅力,游利军,等.裂缝性储层渗透率返排恢复率的影响因素[J].石油钻探技术,2012,40(6):17-21.XU Chengyuan,KANG Yili,YOU Lijun,et al.Influential factors on permeability recovery during flowback of fractured reservoirs[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2012,40(6):17-21.