基于LMD谱分析的压气机转静子碰摩故障诊断
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摘要
为了提取压气机转静子的碰摩故障特征,提出一种基于弹性支承振动应变信号的局部均值分解(LMD)谱分析方法。该方法通过在转子系统弹性支承垂直和水平方向的弹条上粘贴应变片,获取转子系统在工作过程中的振动应变信号,通过对振动应变信号进行LMD分解,并对LMD分解所得信号进行循环频率谱和切片谱分析,从而获得碰摩故障特征。分析结果表明:LMD可以对弹性支承振动应变信号进行有效分解;弹性支承振动应变信号经LMD分解得到第1个PF (Production function)分量的循环频率谱和各PF分量的切片谱均可提取转静子的碰摩故障特征频率。叶轮叶片的分解检查结果验证了该方法对转静子碰摩故障识别与诊断的有效性。
In order to extract fault features of the rotor-to-stator rub-impact for compressor,a method based on local mean decomposition( LMD) spectrum analysis of elastic supporter strain signals was proposed. In this method,the vibrational strain signals of the rotor system during aero-engine operating was obtained by sticking strain gages on the strips of the elastic supporter in the vertical and horizontal directions,the vibrational strain signals were decomposed by LMD method,and the signals obtained by LMD were analyzed through the analysis of cycle frequency spectrum and slice spectrum to extract the characteristics of rotor-to-stator rub-impact fault. The results demonstrate that LMD can effectively decompose the vibration strain signals of elastic supports. Both the cycle frequency spectrum of the first production function( PF) component and the slice spectrum of each PF component for the elastic supporter vibration strain signals can extract rotor-tostator rub-impact fault characteristic frequencies. The validity of the proposed method in the identification and diagnosis of the rotor-to-stator rub-impact fault was verified by the disassembly and inspection results of the impeller blades.
In order to extract fault features of the rotor-to-stator rub-impact for compressor,a method based on local mean decomposition( LMD) spectrum analysis of elastic supporter strain signals was proposed. In this method,the vibrational strain signals of the rotor system during aero-engine operating was obtained by sticking strain gages on the strips of the elastic supporter in the vertical and horizontal directions,the vibrational strain signals were decomposed by LMD method,and the signals obtained by LMD were analyzed through the analysis of cycle frequency spectrum and slice spectrum to extract the characteristics of rotor-to-stator rub-impact fault. The results demonstrate that LMD can effectively decompose the vibration strain signals of elastic supports. Both the cycle frequency spectrum of the first production function( PF) component and the slice spectrum of each PF component for the elastic supporter vibration strain signals can extract rotor-tostator rub-impact fault characteristic frequencies. The validity of the proposed method in the identification and diagnosis of the rotor-to-stator rub-impact fault was verified by the disassembly and inspection results of the impeller blades.
引文
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[14]许凡,方彦军,张荣,等.基于LMD基本尺度熵的AP聚类滚动轴承故障诊断[J].计算机应用研究,2017,34(16):1732-1736.XU F,FANG Y J,ZHANG R,et al.Roller bearings faults diagnosis method based on LMD base-scale entropy and AP clustering[J].Application Research of Computers,2017,34(16):1732-1736.
[15]ZHONG X Y,ZHAO C H,DONG H J,et al.Rolling bearing fault diagnosis using sample entropy and 1.5 dimension spectrum based on EMD[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013,278/279/280:1027-1031.
[2]MA H,TAI X Y,NIU H Q,et al.Numerical research on rubimpact fault in a blade-rotor-casing coupling system[J].Journal of Vibroengineering,2013,15(3):1477-1489.
[3]DAI J S,MA H,WANG X J,et al.Dynamics of multi-disk rotor system with rub-impact fault[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2009,16/17/18/19:1082-1086.
[4]宾光富,崔亚辉,姚剑飞,等.1000 MW汽轮机组N+1支撑轴系高压转子轴端汽封碰摩故障特性分析[J].润滑与密封,2017,42(8):100-104.BIN G F,CUI Y H,YAO J F,et al.Study on steam seal rubbing fault characteristics for high-pressure rotor of 1000 MW steam turbine shafting with N+1 supports[J].Lubrication Engineering,2017,42(8):100-104.
[5]LEE S M,CHOI Y S.Fault diagnosis of partial rub and looseness in rotating machinery using hilbert-huang transform[J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2008,22:2151-2162.
[6]马辉,杨健,宋溶泽,等.转子系统碰摩故障实验研究进展与展望[J].振动与冲击,2016,33(6):1-12.MA H,YANG J,SONG R Z,et al.Review and prospect on the research of rub-impact experiment of rotor systems[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(6):1-12.
[7]CHEN Y Z,LIU L Q,LIU Y,et al.Nonlinear dynamics of jeffcott rotor system with rub-impact fault[J].Advanced Engineering Forum,2011,2/3:722-727.
[8]CHENG J S,YU D J,TANG J S,et al.Local rub-impact fault diagnosis of the rotor systems based on EMD[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2009,44:784-791.
[9]YANG Y,CHENG J S,ZHANG K.An ensemble local means decomposition method and its application to local rub-impact fault diagnosis of the rotor systems[J].Measurement,2012,45:561-570.
[10]王平,雷沫枝,王金舜,等.中小型航空发动机转静子碰摩故障诊断的一种方法[J].测控技术,2014,33(7):57-60.WANG P,LEI M Z,WANG J S,et al.A method of fault diagnosis for rotor-to-stator rub-impact in small and medium-sized aero-engine[J].Measurement&Control Technology,2014,33(7):57-60.
[11]张占一,刘杰,应怀樵,等.基于声振信号EMD分解的轻微碰摩故障诊断方法研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(8):91-93.ZHANG Z Y,LIU J,YING H Q,et al.Research on minor rubimpact fault diagnosis methods based on EMD of vibro-acoustic signals[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(8):91-93.
[12]窦东阳,赵英凯.集合经验模式分解在旋转机械故障诊断中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):190-196.DOU D Y,ZHAO Y K.Application of ensemble empirical mode decomposition in failure analysis of rotating machinery[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(2):190-196.
[13]朱明,李志农,何旭平,等.广义S变换在转子碰摩故障诊断中的应用[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(2):127-131.ZHU M,LI Z N,HE X P,et al.Application of generalized S-transformation in rotor rub-impact fault diagnosis[J].Journal of Huaqiao University(Natural Science),2014,35(2):127-131.
[14]许凡,方彦军,张荣,等.基于LMD基本尺度熵的AP聚类滚动轴承故障诊断[J].计算机应用研究,2017,34(16):1732-1736.XU F,FANG Y J,ZHANG R,et al.Roller bearings faults diagnosis method based on LMD base-scale entropy and AP clustering[J].Application Research of Computers,2017,34(16):1732-1736.
[15]ZHONG X Y,ZHAO C H,DONG H J,et al.Rolling bearing fault diagnosis using sample entropy and 1.5 dimension spectrum based on EMD[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013,278/279/280:1027-1031.