微喷对葡萄园温、湿度及产量的影响研究
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摘要
试验于2012-2014年在吐鲁番进行,通过监测各微喷弥雾调控处理下温度、湿度、果粒体积等指标变化情况,分析微喷弥雾调控对棚架下微气候的影响及对果粒和产量的影响。分析显示:在整个微喷弥雾调控期间,多年平均温度和湿度增量为-2.01℃和9.62%。在果粒上,微喷处理的平均果粒体积增量在2012-2014年的试验中分别比对照处理高3.5、4.4和2.9 cm~3,平均增长速率比对照处理高0.12 cm~3/d。在产量上,微喷处理平均产量在2012-2014年中分别比对照处理高2 627.22、1 295.46和3 733.31 kg/hm~2。说明在滴灌的基础上采用每天喷水1 h的弥雾调控灌溉,使棚架下平均温度在26～29℃、湿度在57%～59%时,可明显增大葡萄果实体积,提高果粒增长速率和葡萄产量。结果表明通过微喷弥雾调控,能够改变棚架下微气候,改善葡萄生长环境,从而促进葡萄果实生长,对葡萄增产起到了一定的作用。该研究为合理调控葡萄园微气候环境提供数据支撑,对提高葡萄品质产量,保障我国重要葡萄基地生产的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。
The experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2014 in Turpan,by monitoring the change of some indexes,including temperature,humidity and fruit volume index,under the micro spray mist control treatment,to analyze the effect of micro spray mist control on the micro climate,fruit size and yield. The results show that: the average annual temperature and humidity increment is-2. 01 ℃ and 9. 62%,respectively; the average fruit volume of micro spray treatment is higher than that of CK in 2012 to 2014 by 3. 5,4. 4 and 2. 9 cm~3,respectively,and the average growth rate is higher than that of CK by 0.12 cm~3/d; the average yield of micro jet processing is higher than that of CK in 2012-2014 by 2 627.22,1 295.46 and 3 733.31 kg/hm~2,respectively.This indicates that the treatment of drip irrigation with1 h mist spray irrigation every day,which controls the average temperature at 26 to 29 ℃ and the humidity in 57% ～ 59%,can significantly increase the fruit volume,improve fruit growth rate and yield of grape. This study provides supporting data for the rational regulation of the microclimate environment of grape vines,and has important practical significance for improving the quality and yield of grape and ensuring the sustainable development of the important grape base production in China.
The experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2014 in Turpan,by monitoring the change of some indexes,including temperature,humidity and fruit volume index,under the micro spray mist control treatment,to analyze the effect of micro spray mist control on the micro climate,fruit size and yield. The results show that: the average annual temperature and humidity increment is-2. 01 ℃ and 9. 62%,respectively; the average fruit volume of micro spray treatment is higher than that of CK in 2012 to 2014 by 3. 5,4. 4 and 2. 9 cm~3,respectively,and the average growth rate is higher than that of CK by 0.12 cm~3/d; the average yield of micro jet processing is higher than that of CK in 2012-2014 by 2 627.22,1 295.46 and 3 733.31 kg/hm~2,respectively.This indicates that the treatment of drip irrigation with1 h mist spray irrigation every day,which controls the average temperature at 26 to 29 ℃ and the humidity in 57% ～ 59%,can significantly increase the fruit volume,improve fruit growth rate and yield of grape. This study provides supporting data for the rational regulation of the microclimate environment of grape vines,and has important practical significance for improving the quality and yield of grape and ensuring the sustainable development of the important grape base production in China.
引文
[1]张克坤,刘凤之,王孝娣,等.不同光质补光对促早栽培‘瑞都香玉’葡萄果实品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):115-126.
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[13]王永杰,王全九,苏李君,等.极端干旱区垂直线源灌方式对葡萄生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(3):63-77.
[14]李涛,张建丰,张江辉,等.以灌溉定额为参数的葡萄果实含糖量和果型指数的数学模型[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):348-351.
[15]徐学欣,王东.微喷补灌对冬小麦旗叶衰老和光合特性及产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(14):2 675-2 686.
[16]Trimmer W L. Sprinkler evaporation 1055 equation[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1987,113(4):616-620.
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[18]Wang D,Yu Z W,White P J. The effect of supplemental irrigation after jointing on leaf senescence and grain filling in wheat[J]. Field Crops Research,2013,151:35-44.
[19]Man J G,Yu J S,White P J,et al. Effects of supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses on water distribution in soil and grain yield of winter wheat[J].Field Crops Research,2014,161:26-37.
[2]李建奇,孔玲爽,王辅文,等.基于无线传感器网络的葡萄栽培环境监测系统[J].排灌机械工程学报,2014,32(7):637-644.
[3]Palomo E S,Diaz M C,Gonzalea M A,et al. Aroma profile of wines from Albillo and Mus-cat grape varieties at different stages of ripening[J].Food Control,2007,18:398-403.
[4]Mejian,Hinrichsenp.New highly assertive scar marker potentially useful to assist selection for seedlessness in table grape breeding[J].Acta Horticulturae,2003,603(603):559-564.
[5]刘笑宏,郭淑华,牛彦杰,等.8个葡萄品种的花色苷组分及含量分析[J].果树学报,2017,34(4):444-453.
[6]姜彩鸽,王国珍,张怡,等.不同葡萄品种对灰霉病菌胁迫的响应[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(2):262-273.
[7]邹利人,闫可,申海林,等.蜜汁葡萄无公害优质高效栽培技术[J].东北农业科学,2016,41(2):81-83.
[8]Cappelimi R A,Ceponis M J,Lightner G W. Disorders in table grape shipments to the New Yort market[J].Plant Diseaes,1986,70:1 075-1 079.
[9]王连君,王程翰,乔建磊,等.膜下滴灌水肥耦合对葡萄生长发育、产量和品质的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(6):113-119.
[10]王锐,孙权.基于水肥一体化的酿酒葡萄高效栽培与效益分析[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(10):115-121.
[11]杨艳芬,王全九,白云岗,等.极端干旱地区滴灌条件下葡萄生长发育特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(12):45-50.
[12]李淑芹,王全九.垂直线源入渗土壤水分分布特性模拟[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(3):51-57.
[13]王永杰,王全九,苏李君,等.极端干旱区垂直线源灌方式对葡萄生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(3):63-77.
[14]李涛,张建丰,张江辉,等.以灌溉定额为参数的葡萄果实含糖量和果型指数的数学模型[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):348-351.
[15]徐学欣,王东.微喷补灌对冬小麦旗叶衰老和光合特性及产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(14):2 675-2 686.
[16]Trimmer W L. Sprinkler evaporation 1055 equation[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1987,113(4):616-620.
[17]Kohl K D,Kohl R A,Deboerr D W. Measurement of low pressure sprinkler evaporation1055[J]. Transactions of the ASAE,1987,30(4):1 071-1 074.
[18]Wang D,Yu Z W,White P J. The effect of supplemental irrigation after jointing on leaf senescence and grain filling in wheat[J]. Field Crops Research,2013,151:35-44.
[19]Man J G,Yu J S,White P J,et al. Effects of supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses on water distribution in soil and grain yield of winter wheat[J].Field Crops Research,2014,161:26-37.