弥雾微喷调控对吐哈盆地葡萄产量和品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】探索能使葡萄产量与品质达到最佳的微喷+滴灌模式。【方法】以吐哈盆地无核白葡萄为研究对象,通过改变弥雾微喷的喷水时长、喷水周期和微喷布设方式,调控葡萄棚架下微气候环境研究了白葡萄的产量和品质。【结果】当弥雾微喷置于棚架上方时(即WP1处理),弥雾阻碍棚架下的空气与外界交换,使得棚架下的温度增加、湿度降低,其产量较仅滴灌处理的对照(CK)降低11 681.1 kg/hm2,但品质较CK有所提高;弥雾微喷装置于棚架下50 cm处,在葡萄需水关键期(浆果生长期)每天弥雾喷灌1 h,增产效果最为显著,产量达到51 490.95 kg/hm2,且品质得到较为明显的改善;弥雾微喷装置于棚架下其他位置或其他弥雾微喷处理,与CK相比,产量有增有减,但葡萄品质普遍优于CK。【结论】将弥雾微喷装置于棚架下50 cm处并持续每天弥雾微喷1 h能显著提高本地区无核白葡萄的产量和品质。
【Objective】Soil moisture and humidity affect plant physiology and the purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of improving the yield and quality of grape via controlling its micro-spray sprinkler irrigation.【Method】The experiments were conducted in Turpan-Nami Basin with the Thomson seedless white grape as the model plant. The microclimate in the grape vineyard was controlled by adjusting the duration of every spraying, the frequency of the sprayings, as well as the location of the emitters.【Result】When the emitters were above the trellis in the vineyard(WP1 treatment), the mist formed by the spray hindered the upwards movement of the air proximal to the ground surface, resulting in an increase in temperature, decrease in humidity, and ultimately a reduction in yield by 11 681.1 kg/hm2 compared to the CK with conventional irrigation. When the emitters were dropped to 50 cm from the top of the trellis, spaying one hour per day during the critical growth stage of the grape(berry growth period) increased the yield to 51 490.95 kg/hm2 along with a significant improvement in fruit quality. Further dropping the emitter could either increase or decrease the yield, but it improved the fruit quality compared to the CK.【Conclusion】Locating the emitters 50 cm below the trellis top and spraying one hour per day during the berry growth stage improved both yield and fruit quality of the grape.
【Objective】Soil moisture and humidity affect plant physiology and the purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of improving the yield and quality of grape via controlling its micro-spray sprinkler irrigation.【Method】The experiments were conducted in Turpan-Nami Basin with the Thomson seedless white grape as the model plant. The microclimate in the grape vineyard was controlled by adjusting the duration of every spraying, the frequency of the sprayings, as well as the location of the emitters.【Result】When the emitters were above the trellis in the vineyard(WP1 treatment), the mist formed by the spray hindered the upwards movement of the air proximal to the ground surface, resulting in an increase in temperature, decrease in humidity, and ultimately a reduction in yield by 11 681.1 kg/hm2 compared to the CK with conventional irrigation. When the emitters were dropped to 50 cm from the top of the trellis, spaying one hour per day during the critical growth stage of the grape(berry growth period) increased the yield to 51 490.95 kg/hm2 along with a significant improvement in fruit quality. Further dropping the emitter could either increase or decrease the yield, but it improved the fruit quality compared to the CK.【Conclusion】Locating the emitters 50 cm below the trellis top and spraying one hour per day during the berry growth stage improved both yield and fruit quality of the grape.
引文
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[13]李安庆,李涛.微喷灌溉技术在设施农业中的应用[J].科技创新与应用,2015(1):189.
[14]张桂兰,张建亮,崔蓉,等.软管微喷灌节水技术在设施蔬菜生产上的应用[J].天津农林科技,2011(2):8-9.
[15]CARROLL J E,WILCOX W F.Effects of humidity on the development of grapevine powdery mildew[J].Phytopathology,2003,93(9):1 137.
[16]白云岗,张江辉,卢震林,等.极端干旱区葡萄园喷施抗旱蒸腾剂效果研究[J].北方园艺,2010(16):44-46.
[2]王凤民,张丽媛.微喷灌溉技术在设施农业中的应用[J].地下水,2009,11(6):115-116.
[3]刘芳香.我国农作物喷灌技术探讨[J].河南科技月刊,2012(10):17-17.
[4]张桂兰,张建亮,崔蓉,等.软管微喷灌溉节水技术在设施蔬菜生产上的应用[J].天津农林科技,2011,4(2):8-9.
[5]刘洪光,何新林,王雅琴,等.调亏灌溉对滴灌葡萄耗水规律及产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(6):109-111.
[6]李先明,刘先琴,涂俊凡,等.梨不同树形的结构特征、产量分布及果实品质差异[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(23):323-326.
[7]白云岗,张江辉,董新光.极端干旱区成龄葡萄园蒸散研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(7):1-4.
[8]李昭楠,李唯,姜有虎,等.西北干旱区戈壁葡萄膜下滴灌需水量和灌溉制度[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(5):247-251.
[9]高登涛,韩明玉,李丙智,等.渭北3种不同类型苹果园冠层特征及光照特性[J].果树学报,2007,24(3):54-54.
[10]王金锋,张林森,张永旺,等.地布覆盖对渭北旱塬苹果园土壤水热效应及产量品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(1):75-78.
[11]鲍降峰,夏仁学.生态因子对柑桔果实品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(8):1 477-1 480.
[12]洪明,赵经华,马英杰,等.干旱绿洲区枣园冠层微环境调控效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):16-22.
[13]李安庆,李涛.微喷灌溉技术在设施农业中的应用[J].科技创新与应用,2015(1):189.
[14]张桂兰,张建亮,崔蓉,等.软管微喷灌节水技术在设施蔬菜生产上的应用[J].天津农林科技,2011(2):8-9.
[15]CARROLL J E,WILCOX W F.Effects of humidity on the development of grapevine powdery mildew[J].Phytopathology,2003,93(9):1 137.
[16]白云岗,张江辉,卢震林,等.极端干旱区葡萄园喷施抗旱蒸腾剂效果研究[J].北方园艺,2010(16):44-46.