河北省太行山区综合开发治理研究及效果
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摘要
太行山是京津冀晋豫的生态屏障和水源涵养地,也是著名的革命老区和最大的集中连片国家级贫困区。因其具有特殊的地理优势、政治地位和生态意义,各级政府多年来非常重视对太行山的综合开发治理。为了给太行山区乡村振兴和生态文明建设提供借鉴,总结了近40a来河北省太行山综合开发治理方面取得的研究进展,主要包括:辨识了太行山片麻岩区的景观生态经济资源特征是"旱、薄、蚀、穷、低";构建"蓄、集、整、改、排"标准化治理工程技术体系;创建了3种山地生态经济林高效治理模式,即生态林、观赏林、经济林立体配置的生态经济林旅游模式——前南峪模式,生态林和经济林协调发展的生态经济林模式——富岗模式,丘陵区果草畜立体发展的经济林循环模式——绿岭模式;开发了优质核桃、苹果和板栗等特色经济林产业标准化技术体系。
Taihang Mountain is the ecological barrier and water conservation area for Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shanxi and Henan,and it is a famous revolutionary area and the largest centralized national poverty region.As its special geographical advantage,political status and ecological significance,governments at all levels have been paying great attention to the comprehensive development and management of Taihang Mountain for many years.It was summarized with the research progress of comprehensive development and management of Taihang Mountain in Hebei province in the recent 40 years so as to provide for a useful scheme for rural development and ecological culture construction.Such as:the characteristics of landscape eco-economic resources in gneiss area of Taihang Mountain was studied and identified comprehensively,that included drought,thin soil layer,erosion,poverty and low cultural quality.Standardization management engineering technology system of increasing surface soil thickness,rainwater harvesting,soil preparation,soil-improving and drainage was sets up.Three efficient management models for mountain ecological economic forests have been established,i.e.tourism model of eco-economic forest of stereoscopic collocation of ecological forest,ornamental forest and economic forest,that is to say Qiannanyu model,eco-economic forest model with coordinated development of ecological forest and economic forest,that is to say Fugang model and the circular pattern of economic forest in three dimensional development of fruit,grass and livestock in hilly area,that is to say Lvling model.The industrial standardization technology system of special economic forest,such as walnut,apple and chestnut,has been developed.
Taihang Mountain is the ecological barrier and water conservation area for Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shanxi and Henan,and it is a famous revolutionary area and the largest centralized national poverty region.As its special geographical advantage,political status and ecological significance,governments at all levels have been paying great attention to the comprehensive development and management of Taihang Mountain for many years.It was summarized with the research progress of comprehensive development and management of Taihang Mountain in Hebei province in the recent 40 years so as to provide for a useful scheme for rural development and ecological culture construction.Such as:the characteristics of landscape eco-economic resources in gneiss area of Taihang Mountain was studied and identified comprehensively,that included drought,thin soil layer,erosion,poverty and low cultural quality.Standardization management engineering technology system of increasing surface soil thickness,rainwater harvesting,soil preparation,soil-improving and drainage was sets up.Three efficient management models for mountain ecological economic forests have been established,i.e.tourism model of eco-economic forest of stereoscopic collocation of ecological forest,ornamental forest and economic forest,that is to say Qiannanyu model,eco-economic forest model with coordinated development of ecological forest and economic forest,that is to say Fugang model and the circular pattern of economic forest in three dimensional development of fruit,grass and livestock in hilly area,that is to say Lvling model.The industrial standardization technology system of special economic forest,such as walnut,apple and chestnut,has been developed.
引文
[1]李保国.生态经济沟建设理论与技术——以太行山为例[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[2]刘俊孝.太行山区开发研究的回顾[J].科技进步与对策,1985(6):19-21.
[3]任士魁,周大迈.从生态角度谈太行山区合理开发问题[J].河北农业大学学报,1988,11(1):50-56.
[4]罗建军.致富山区的“太行山道路”——河北省山区技术开发的调查[J].改革与理论,1996(2):55-57.
[5]王慧军,周振瀛.我们是怎样做好太行山区开发研究管理工作的[J].科学管理研究,1988,6(6):52-55.
[6]刘丽娟,姚宪法.邢台市以生态经济示范区建设推进太行山综合开发[J].河北林业,2015(10):24-27.
[7]李保国,张金柱,郭素平.河北省太行山片麻岩山地景观生态经济资源特征与利用研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2005,28(4):14-17,22.
[8]王金峰,奕景仁,李保国,等.试论隔坡沟扶梯田在生态经济林建设中的作用和效益[J].中国水土保持,1996(6):31-34.
[9]栾景仁,张金柱,李保国.爆破水平梯田整地技术及经济效益研究[J].林业科学,1992,28(3):267-270.
[10]栾景仁,贾绍禹,李保国,等.低山丘陵区爆破修筑沟状梯田技术及其效益[J].林业科技通讯,1989(10):17-19.
[11]于宗周,张金柱,郭素萍,等.隔坡沟状梯田的修建技术及效益[J].中国水土保持,1995,(7):23-25.
[12]李保国,张金柱,于宗周.太行山片麻岩山地生态工程综合效益评价[J].河北林学院学报,1996,11(314):218-225;
[13]任红菊,李保国,董丽欣,等.不同表土利用方式对核桃幼树生长的影响[J].河北林果研究,2014,29(3):271-273.
[14]张金柱,李保国,郭素萍,等.河北省低山片麻岩区洪水发生规律及防洪减灾技术[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(3):55-58.
[15]郭素萍,张金柱,李保国,等.太行山片麻岩区防洪减灾工程技术研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(1):145-147.
[16]李惠,赵丹,苏彦苹,等.种植苜蓿及苜蓿覆盖对核桃园土壤性质的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,(7):166-170;
[17]马华冰,李美美,任俊杰,等.不同灌水量对早实核桃水分利用的影响[J].林业科技开发,2015,29(2):17-23.
[18]李美美,马华冰,赵爽,等.不同修剪方式对成龄‘绿岭’核桃光合作用的影响[J].林业科技开发,2014,28(5):104-108.
[19]孙萌,宋新英,李保国,等.地面覆盖对核桃园地土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):158-162,182.
[20]孙萌,刘洋,李寒,等.有机物覆盖对核桃园土壤有机碳库及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):270-278;
[21]孙萌,刘洋,李保国,等.核桃园行内地面覆盖的土壤微域生态效应[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4434-4443.
[22]李惠,梁曼曼,赵爽,等.不同砧木对‘绿岭’核桃生长和果实品质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(6):113-118.
[23]李惠,梁曼曼,赵丹,等.不同砧木对‘绿岭’核桃叶片光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):90-96.
[24]魏常燕,宋杰强,李保国,等.苹果不同树形的树体结构及光能利用率[J].林业科技开发,2013,27(2):22-25.
[25]李保国,张玉青,张雪梅,等.不同群体结构苹果园光照分布状况研究[J].河北林果研究,2012,27(3):316-319.
[26]杨素苗,李保国,齐国辉,等.根系分区交替灌溉对苹果根系活力、树干液流和果实的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(8):73-79.
[27]赵丹,陈梦华,苏彦苹,等.果实、叶片及土壤主要矿质元素与‘长富2’苹果苦痘病的发生研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2015,38(6):57-64,72.
[28]李保国,徐爱春,齐国辉,等.红富士苹果叶片主要矿质元素含量变化规律研究[J].河北林果研究,2006,21(3):296-299.
[29]赵志磊,顾玉红,李保国,等.套袋长富2苹果去袋后果实发育及内源激素含量的变化[J].河北农业大学学报,2006,29(5):12-15.
[30]秦立者,李保国,徐国良,等.无公害苹果园昆虫群落变化动态研究[J].河北农业科学,2006,10(2):66-68.
[31]郭素萍,李保国,张守慧,等.太行山板栗化学疏雄试验初报[J].河北林果研究,1998,13(2):74-77.
[32]李保国.太行山板栗集约栽培[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1998.
[33]李保国,张雪梅,郭素萍,等.加工用板栗新品种‘林冠’[J].园艺学报,2010,37(12):2033-2034.
[34]齐国辉,郭素萍,张雪梅,等.板栗新品种‘林宝’[J].园艺学报,2010,37(10):1703-1704.
[2]刘俊孝.太行山区开发研究的回顾[J].科技进步与对策,1985(6):19-21.
[3]任士魁,周大迈.从生态角度谈太行山区合理开发问题[J].河北农业大学学报,1988,11(1):50-56.
[4]罗建军.致富山区的“太行山道路”——河北省山区技术开发的调查[J].改革与理论,1996(2):55-57.
[5]王慧军,周振瀛.我们是怎样做好太行山区开发研究管理工作的[J].科学管理研究,1988,6(6):52-55.
[6]刘丽娟,姚宪法.邢台市以生态经济示范区建设推进太行山综合开发[J].河北林业,2015(10):24-27.
[7]李保国,张金柱,郭素平.河北省太行山片麻岩山地景观生态经济资源特征与利用研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2005,28(4):14-17,22.
[8]王金峰,奕景仁,李保国,等.试论隔坡沟扶梯田在生态经济林建设中的作用和效益[J].中国水土保持,1996(6):31-34.
[9]栾景仁,张金柱,李保国.爆破水平梯田整地技术及经济效益研究[J].林业科学,1992,28(3):267-270.
[10]栾景仁,贾绍禹,李保国,等.低山丘陵区爆破修筑沟状梯田技术及其效益[J].林业科技通讯,1989(10):17-19.
[11]于宗周,张金柱,郭素萍,等.隔坡沟状梯田的修建技术及效益[J].中国水土保持,1995,(7):23-25.
[12]李保国,张金柱,于宗周.太行山片麻岩山地生态工程综合效益评价[J].河北林学院学报,1996,11(314):218-225;
[13]任红菊,李保国,董丽欣,等.不同表土利用方式对核桃幼树生长的影响[J].河北林果研究,2014,29(3):271-273.
[14]张金柱,李保国,郭素萍,等.河北省低山片麻岩区洪水发生规律及防洪减灾技术[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(3):55-58.
[15]郭素萍,张金柱,李保国,等.太行山片麻岩区防洪减灾工程技术研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(1):145-147.
[16]李惠,赵丹,苏彦苹,等.种植苜蓿及苜蓿覆盖对核桃园土壤性质的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,(7):166-170;
[17]马华冰,李美美,任俊杰,等.不同灌水量对早实核桃水分利用的影响[J].林业科技开发,2015,29(2):17-23.
[18]李美美,马华冰,赵爽,等.不同修剪方式对成龄‘绿岭’核桃光合作用的影响[J].林业科技开发,2014,28(5):104-108.
[19]孙萌,宋新英,李保国,等.地面覆盖对核桃园地土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):158-162,182.
[20]孙萌,刘洋,李寒,等.有机物覆盖对核桃园土壤有机碳库及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):270-278;
[21]孙萌,刘洋,李保国,等.核桃园行内地面覆盖的土壤微域生态效应[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4434-4443.
[22]李惠,梁曼曼,赵爽,等.不同砧木对‘绿岭’核桃生长和果实品质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(6):113-118.
[23]李惠,梁曼曼,赵丹,等.不同砧木对‘绿岭’核桃叶片光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(2):90-96.
[24]魏常燕,宋杰强,李保国,等.苹果不同树形的树体结构及光能利用率[J].林业科技开发,2013,27(2):22-25.
[25]李保国,张玉青,张雪梅,等.不同群体结构苹果园光照分布状况研究[J].河北林果研究,2012,27(3):316-319.
[26]杨素苗,李保国,齐国辉,等.根系分区交替灌溉对苹果根系活力、树干液流和果实的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(8):73-79.
[27]赵丹,陈梦华,苏彦苹,等.果实、叶片及土壤主要矿质元素与‘长富2’苹果苦痘病的发生研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2015,38(6):57-64,72.
[28]李保国,徐爱春,齐国辉,等.红富士苹果叶片主要矿质元素含量变化规律研究[J].河北林果研究,2006,21(3):296-299.
[29]赵志磊,顾玉红,李保国,等.套袋长富2苹果去袋后果实发育及内源激素含量的变化[J].河北农业大学学报,2006,29(5):12-15.
[30]秦立者,李保国,徐国良,等.无公害苹果园昆虫群落变化动态研究[J].河北农业科学,2006,10(2):66-68.
[31]郭素萍,李保国,张守慧,等.太行山板栗化学疏雄试验初报[J].河北林果研究,1998,13(2):74-77.
[32]李保国.太行山板栗集约栽培[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1998.
[33]李保国,张雪梅,郭素萍,等.加工用板栗新品种‘林冠’[J].园艺学报,2010,37(12):2033-2034.
[34]齐国辉,郭素萍,张雪梅,等.板栗新品种‘林宝’[J].园艺学报,2010,37(10):1703-1704.