地布覆盖对苹果园土壤理化性质及杂草生长的影响
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摘要
为探明地布覆盖对苹果园土壤理化性质及杂草生长状况的影响,2016年在河北省邢台县浆水镇前南峪村苹果示范基地,以6a生‘烟富3号’苹果树为试材,采用田间调查、室内分析等方法研究了不同管理措施对土壤理化特征及杂草抑制率的影响,结果表明:地布覆盖处理0～20cm、20～40cm、40～60cm土层的土壤容重分别为1.41g/cm~3、1.45g/cm~3、1.49g/cm~3,较对照分别降低了6.0%、4.6%、2.6%;最大持水量分别为29.29%、28.51%、26.62%,较对照分别提高了9.9%、11.7%、4.6%;地布覆盖在0～20cm、20～40cm、在40～60cm土层土壤有机质含量分别为5.00g/kg、3.74g/kg、2.43g/kg,较对照分别提高了25.0%、19.5%、15.2%;2种土壤管理处理各土壤养分含量在0～40cm土层差异显著,在40～60cm土层差异不显著;地布覆盖处理区杂草抑制率达到100%,节省了除草用工。
In order to study the effects of ground cloth mulching on soil physical and chemical properties and weed growth,6 'Yanfu 3' apple trees were used as study materials,which were planted in apple demonstration base in Qiannanyu village,Jiangshui township,Xingtai county,Hebei province.Field investigation and laboratory analysis methods were used to study the soil physical and chemical properties,and weed rejection rate at different soil managements.The results showed that:the soil bulk densities of 0~20 cm,20~40 cm and 40~60 cm soil layers in cloth mulching treatments were 1.41 g/cm~3,1.45 g/cm~3 and 1.49 g/cm~3,which were reduced by 6.0%,4.6%and 2.6%;and the maximum water capacity were 29.29%,28.51%,26.62%,which were increased 9.9%,11.7% and 4.6% compared with control.The soil organic contents of 0~20 cm,20~40 cm and 40~60 cm soil layer in cloth mulching treatments were 5.00 g/kg,3.74 g/kg and 2.43 g/kg,which increased 25.0%,19.5% and 15.2% compared with control.The soil nutrient contents in cloth mulching treatments were significantly higher than those of no mulching treatments,while there had no significant difference in 40~60 cm soil layer between the two treatments.The weed rejection rate was 100%,which saved the weeding labor.
In order to study the effects of ground cloth mulching on soil physical and chemical properties and weed growth,6 'Yanfu 3' apple trees were used as study materials,which were planted in apple demonstration base in Qiannanyu village,Jiangshui township,Xingtai county,Hebei province.Field investigation and laboratory analysis methods were used to study the soil physical and chemical properties,and weed rejection rate at different soil managements.The results showed that:the soil bulk densities of 0~20 cm,20~40 cm and 40~60 cm soil layers in cloth mulching treatments were 1.41 g/cm~3,1.45 g/cm~3 and 1.49 g/cm~3,which were reduced by 6.0%,4.6%and 2.6%;and the maximum water capacity were 29.29%,28.51%,26.62%,which were increased 9.9%,11.7% and 4.6% compared with control.The soil organic contents of 0~20 cm,20~40 cm and 40~60 cm soil layer in cloth mulching treatments were 5.00 g/kg,3.74 g/kg and 2.43 g/kg,which increased 25.0%,19.5% and 15.2% compared with control.The soil nutrient contents in cloth mulching treatments were significantly higher than those of no mulching treatments,while there had no significant difference in 40~60 cm soil layer between the two treatments.The weed rejection rate was 100%,which saved the weeding labor.
引文
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[14]刘永萍,鲁天平,史征,等.深沟秸秆覆盖对造林地土壤蓄水能力的影响[J].防护林科技,2012(5):50-52.
[15]刘巧玲,孙守文,冯大千,等.不同覆盖物对城市绿地土壤保水效果的试验研究[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(5):436-438.
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[17]PANDE K K,DIMRID C,SINGH S C.Effect of mulching on soil and leaf nutrient status of apple(malus domestica borkh)[J].Progressive Horticulture,2006,38(1):91-95.
[18]彭赛芬.不同地面覆盖物对黄甜竹林土壤化学性质及生产力的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(13):5783-5785.
[19]刘毅,陶勇.丹江口库区坡耕地柑桔园不同覆盖方式下地表径流氮磷流失特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(11):1340-1344.
[20]曹燕荣,谷继成,王有年,等.不同覆盖材料对圆黄梨幼树土壤性状及树体生长的影响[J].北京农学院学报,2010,25(1):5-8.
[21]王琴,孙海龙,李绍才,等.不同覆盖物对薄层土壤温度和植物萌发的影响[J].中国水土保持,2015(1):51-54.
[22]孙萌,刘洋,李保国,等.核桃园行内地面覆盖的土壤微域生态效应[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4434-4443.
[2]Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.FAO Statistics[DB/OL].[2017-04-12].http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E.
[3]王金政,薛晓敏,路超.我国苹果生产现状与发展对策[J].山东农业科学,2010(6):117-119.
[4]杨振锋,丛佩华,聂继云,等.我国苹果产业现状、存在问题及建议[J].北方果树,2006(5):34-36.
[5]郭春华,程显敏,龙照春,等.寒地果树省力化栽培技术[J].北方果树,2014(4):39-39.
[6]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1982:25-114.
[7]李涵.秸秆覆盖还田对渭北旱塬土壤理化性质及春玉米生长的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[8]周江涛,吕德国.有机物料覆盖对果园土壤环境的影响[J].北方果树,2013(6):1-4.
[9]关秋竹,王金政,聂佩显.地面覆盖对苹果园土壤生态效应和树体生长发育影响的研究进展[J].中国果树,2017(2):58-62.
[10]韩翔,李英丽,刘水林,等.不同覆盖物对盆栽梨树土壤理化性状的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(5):6-11.
[11]张超,李爱梅,周旭,等.地面覆盖对渭北旱地苹果园土壤理化性质与果实产量、品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017(4):609-616.
[12]史瑞军,丁杰,胡静霞,等.冀北山地桦木林土壤水分物理性质研究[J].河北林果研究,2017,32(2):124-128.
[13]胡淑萍,余新晓,岳永杰.北京百花山森林枯落物层和土壤层水文效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):146-150.
[14]刘永萍,鲁天平,史征,等.深沟秸秆覆盖对造林地土壤蓄水能力的影响[J].防护林科技,2012(5):50-52.
[15]刘巧玲,孙守文,冯大千,等.不同覆盖物对城市绿地土壤保水效果的试验研究[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(5):436-438.
[16]李淑春.冀北山地华北落叶松、桦木林土壤水分物理性质研究[J].河北林果研究,2017,32(1):1-5.
[17]PANDE K K,DIMRID C,SINGH S C.Effect of mulching on soil and leaf nutrient status of apple(malus domestica borkh)[J].Progressive Horticulture,2006,38(1):91-95.
[18]彭赛芬.不同地面覆盖物对黄甜竹林土壤化学性质及生产力的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(13):5783-5785.
[19]刘毅,陶勇.丹江口库区坡耕地柑桔园不同覆盖方式下地表径流氮磷流失特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(11):1340-1344.
[20]曹燕荣,谷继成,王有年,等.不同覆盖材料对圆黄梨幼树土壤性状及树体生长的影响[J].北京农学院学报,2010,25(1):5-8.
[21]王琴,孙海龙,李绍才,等.不同覆盖物对薄层土壤温度和植物萌发的影响[J].中国水土保持,2015(1):51-54.
[22]孙萌,刘洋,李保国,等.核桃园行内地面覆盖的土壤微域生态效应[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4434-4443.