甘肃省部分地区藏羊肠道寄生虫感染情况调查
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摘要
为了解甘肃省部分地区藏羊肠道寄生虫的感染情况,共采集甘肃玛曲县和碌曲县2个地区177份新鲜粪便样本,采用离心沉淀法、卢戈氏碘液染色法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对样品进行显微镜检测,然后对隐孢子虫、十二指肠贾第虫和毕氏肠微孢子虫进行PCR检测。结果显示:共检测出8种寄生虫,总感染率为94.35%(167/177)。阿米巴原虫和艾美耳球虫为优势虫种,感染率分别为35.59%(63/177)和84.75%(150/177),其他肠道寄生虫如:毛尾线虫(鞭虫)、圆线虫和贝氏莫尼茨绦虫的感染率分别为6.78%(12/177)、22.60%(40/177)和4.52%(8/177)。显微镜检测结果显示:隐孢子虫和十二指肠贾第虫的感染率分别为1.69%(3/177)和0.56%(1/177),然而PCR检测结果显示隐孢子虫、十二指肠贾第虫和毕氏肠微孢子虫的感染率分别为4.52%(8/177)、1.69%(3/177)和34.46%(61/177)。此外,混合感染现象较为严重,存在2~7种寄生虫感染情况,且玛曲县和碌曲县均以2种寄生虫混合感染最为普遍,总感染率达到38.42%(68/177),高于其他混合感染情况。本次调查研究表明,甘肃地区藏羊肠道寄生虫感染情况普遍存在,藏羊的肠道寄生虫防控和饲养管理方面有待进一步加强。
To investigate the intestinal parasite infections in Tibetan sheep in parts of Gansu Province,a total of 177 fecal samples from Maqu County and Luqu County were examined by using centrifugal sedimentation,Lugo's iodine staining and Sheaher's sugar floatation techniques to identify eggs or oocysts of the parasites,and PCR detection was performed on Cryptosporidium spp.,Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi.Eight species of intestinal parasites were detected,with the overall infection rate of 94.35%(167/177).The predominant parasites were Amoeba protozoa and Eimeria spp.,with the infection rate of 35.59%(63/177) and 84.75%(150/177),respectively,and the infection rates of the other parasites were Trichuris spp.6.78%(12/177),Strongylid spp.22.60%(40/177) and Moniezia benedeni 4.52%(8/177),respectively.Microscopic examination results showed that the infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp.and G.duodenalis were 1.69%(3/177) and 0.56%(1/177),however,the PCR examination results showed that the infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp.,G.duodenalis and E.bieneusi were 4.52%(8/177),1.69%(3/177) and 34.46%(61/177),respectively.In addition,the phenomenon of the mixed infection was serious with 2—7 species of parasites,and the mixed infection of two kinds of parasites was detected widely in Maqu County and Luqu County,with a total infection rate of38.42%(68/177),higher than that of other mixed infections.The study showed that there was a widespread intestinal parasite infection in Tibetan sheep in Gansu Province,and the prevention and control of intestinal parasites and the management of Tibetan sheep need to be further strengthened.
To investigate the intestinal parasite infections in Tibetan sheep in parts of Gansu Province,a total of 177 fecal samples from Maqu County and Luqu County were examined by using centrifugal sedimentation,Lugo's iodine staining and Sheaher's sugar floatation techniques to identify eggs or oocysts of the parasites,and PCR detection was performed on Cryptosporidium spp.,Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi.Eight species of intestinal parasites were detected,with the overall infection rate of 94.35%(167/177).The predominant parasites were Amoeba protozoa and Eimeria spp.,with the infection rate of 35.59%(63/177) and 84.75%(150/177),respectively,and the infection rates of the other parasites were Trichuris spp.6.78%(12/177),Strongylid spp.22.60%(40/177) and Moniezia benedeni 4.52%(8/177),respectively.Microscopic examination results showed that the infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp.and G.duodenalis were 1.69%(3/177) and 0.56%(1/177),however,the PCR examination results showed that the infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp.,G.duodenalis and E.bieneusi were 4.52%(8/177),1.69%(3/177) and 34.46%(61/177),respectively.In addition,the phenomenon of the mixed infection was serious with 2—7 species of parasites,and the mixed infection of two kinds of parasites was detected widely in Maqu County and Luqu County,with a total infection rate of38.42%(68/177),higher than that of other mixed infections.The study showed that there was a widespread intestinal parasite infection in Tibetan sheep in Gansu Province,and the prevention and control of intestinal parasites and the management of Tibetan sheep need to be further strengthened.
引文
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[11]阿曼吐尔·阿黑哈提.伊犁周边地区羊球虫感染情况调查报告[J].当代畜牧,2015(3):36-38.Amantuer·Aheihati.Investigation report on the infection of sheep coccidian in the surrounding area of Yili[J].Modern Animal Husbandry,2015(3):36-38.(in Chinese)
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[15] TANYUKSEL M,PETRI W A.Laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis[J].Clinical Microbiology Reviews,2003,16(4):713-729.
[16]陈林.青海称多县藏系绵羊寄生虫区系调查[J].畜牧与兽医,2012,44(9):112.CHEN Lin.Parasitic area investigation on Tibetan sheep in Chengduo County, Qinghai Province[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2012,44(9):112.(in Chinese)
[17]叶勇刚,易军,李双年,等.若尔盖县牦牛及藏系绵羊寄生虫病调查[J].四川畜牧兽医,2012,39(5):23-24,27.YE Yong-gang,YI Jun,LI Shuang-nian,et al.Investigation on parasitic disease of Poephogus grunniens and Tibetan sheep in Ruoergai County[J].Sichuan Animal&Veterinary Sciences,2012,39(5):23-24,27.(in Chinese)
[18]王启菊.青海天峻县藏羊寄生虫种类调查[J].中国兽医杂志,2009,45(9):37-38.WANG Qi-ju.Investigation on the species of Tibetan sheep in Tianjun County,Qinghai Province[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2009,45(9):37-38.(in Chinese)
[19] SANT魱N M.Clinical and subclinical infections with Cryptosporidium in animals[J].New Zealand Veterinary Journal,2013,61(1):1-10.
[20] EINARSSON E,MA’AYEH S, SV魧RD S G.An up-date on Giardia and giardiasis[J].Current Opinion in Microbiology,2016,34:47-52.
[21] GIADINIS N D,SYMEOUDAKIS S,PAPADOPOULOS E,et al.Comparison of two techniques for diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in diarrhoeic goat kids and lambs in Cyprus[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2012,44(7):1561-1565.
[22] LI P,CAI J,CAI M,et al.Distribution of Cryptosporidium species in Tibetan sheep and yaks in Qinghai,China[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2016,215:58-62.
[23] JIN Y,FEI J,CAI J,et al.Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Tibetan sheep and yaks in Qinghai,China[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2017,247:70-76.
[24]李佩.隐孢子虫和毕氏肠微孢子虫在青海藏羊、牦牛中的分布及其公共卫生意义[D].上海:华东理工大学, 2016.LI Pei.The distribution and public health significance of Cryptosporidium spp.and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Qinghai Tibetan sheep and yaks[D].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[25] ZHANG Q,CAI J,LI P,et al.Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in Tibetan sheep and yaks[J].Parasitology Research,2018,117(3):721-727.
[2]李沐森,郭文场.藏羊的类型分布及生活习性[J].特种经济动植物,2016(3):5-8.LI Mu-sen,GUO Wen-chang.The type distribution and life habit of Tibetan sheep[J].Special Economic Animals and Plants,2016(3):5-8.(in Chinese)
[3]张菲菲,王金鸿,齐萌,等.绵羊球虫感染情况和种类调查[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(5):190-194.ZHANG Fei-fei,WANG Jin-hong,QI Meng,et al.Prevalence and species investigation of coccidia in sheep[J].China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2013,40(5):190-194.(in Chinese)
[4]宋铭忻,张龙现.兽医寄生虫学[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.SONG Ming-xin,ZHANG Long-xian.Veterinary Parasitology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[5] XIAO L,MORGAN U M,LIMOR J,et al.Genetic diversity within Cryptosporidium parvum and related Cryptosporidium species[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(8):3386-3391.
[6] XIAO L,BERN C,LIMOR J,et al.Identification of 5types of Cryptosporidium parasites in children in Lima,Peru[J].JournalofInfectiousDiseases,2001,183(3):492-497.
[7] APPELBEE A J,FREDERICK L M,HEITMAN T L,et al.Prevalence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from beef calves in Alberta, Canada[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2003,112(4):289-294.
[8] BUCKHOLT M A,LEE J H,TZIPORI S.Prevalence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in swine:an 18-month survey at a slaughterhouse in Massachusetts[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2002,68(5):2595-2599.
[9]刘生财.青海省玉树州治多县藏羊寄生虫区系调查[J].中国兽医杂志,2015,51(6):54-57.LIU Sheng-cai.Investigation of Tibetan sheep parasite area in Zhiduo County,Yushu Prefecture,Qinghai Province[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2015,51(6):54-57.(in Chinese)
[10]付永,朵红,李伟.玉树县国营牧场牦牛、藏羊消化系统常见寄生虫药物防治前后效果分析研究[J].中国动物检疫,2013(1):75-78.FU Yong,DUO Hong,LI Wei.The effect analysis of pre-and post-drug prevention and treatment of common parasites in yak and Tibetan sheep digestive system in the state-run ranch of Yushu County[J].Chinese Animal Quarantine,2013(1):75-78.(in Chinese)
[11]阿曼吐尔·阿黑哈提.伊犁周边地区羊球虫感染情况调查报告[J].当代畜牧,2015(3):36-38.Amantuer·Aheihati.Investigation report on the infection of sheep coccidian in the surrounding area of Yili[J].Modern Animal Husbandry,2015(3):36-38.(in Chinese)
[12] WANG C R,XIAO J Y,CHEN A H,et al.Prevalence of coccidial infection in sheep and goats in northeastern China[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2010,174(3-4):213-217.
[13]殷铭阳.甘肃部分地区牦牛藏羊五种疾病的流行病学调查[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2015.YIN Ming-yang.Prevalence Investigation of Five Diseases in Yaks and Tibetan sheep in Parts of Gansu[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[14]羊云飞,王红宁,杨光友,等.川西北草原牦牛、藏羊肠道寄生虫流行病学调查及防治措施[J].四川畜牧兽医,2003,30(S):33-34,37.YANG Yun-fei,WANG Hong-ning,YANG Guang-you,et al.Epidemiological survey and control method on parasitic diseases of yak and Tibetan sheep on the west-north Sichuan grassland[J].Sichuan Animal&Veterinary Sciences,2003,30(S):33-34,37.(in Chinese)
[15] TANYUKSEL M,PETRI W A.Laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis[J].Clinical Microbiology Reviews,2003,16(4):713-729.
[16]陈林.青海称多县藏系绵羊寄生虫区系调查[J].畜牧与兽医,2012,44(9):112.CHEN Lin.Parasitic area investigation on Tibetan sheep in Chengduo County, Qinghai Province[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2012,44(9):112.(in Chinese)
[17]叶勇刚,易军,李双年,等.若尔盖县牦牛及藏系绵羊寄生虫病调查[J].四川畜牧兽医,2012,39(5):23-24,27.YE Yong-gang,YI Jun,LI Shuang-nian,et al.Investigation on parasitic disease of Poephogus grunniens and Tibetan sheep in Ruoergai County[J].Sichuan Animal&Veterinary Sciences,2012,39(5):23-24,27.(in Chinese)
[18]王启菊.青海天峻县藏羊寄生虫种类调查[J].中国兽医杂志,2009,45(9):37-38.WANG Qi-ju.Investigation on the species of Tibetan sheep in Tianjun County,Qinghai Province[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2009,45(9):37-38.(in Chinese)
[19] SANT魱N M.Clinical and subclinical infections with Cryptosporidium in animals[J].New Zealand Veterinary Journal,2013,61(1):1-10.
[20] EINARSSON E,MA’AYEH S, SV魧RD S G.An up-date on Giardia and giardiasis[J].Current Opinion in Microbiology,2016,34:47-52.
[21] GIADINIS N D,SYMEOUDAKIS S,PAPADOPOULOS E,et al.Comparison of two techniques for diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in diarrhoeic goat kids and lambs in Cyprus[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2012,44(7):1561-1565.
[22] LI P,CAI J,CAI M,et al.Distribution of Cryptosporidium species in Tibetan sheep and yaks in Qinghai,China[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2016,215:58-62.
[23] JIN Y,FEI J,CAI J,et al.Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Tibetan sheep and yaks in Qinghai,China[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2017,247:70-76.
[24]李佩.隐孢子虫和毕氏肠微孢子虫在青海藏羊、牦牛中的分布及其公共卫生意义[D].上海:华东理工大学, 2016.LI Pei.The distribution and public health significance of Cryptosporidium spp.and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Qinghai Tibetan sheep and yaks[D].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[25] ZHANG Q,CAI J,LI P,et al.Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in Tibetan sheep and yaks[J].Parasitology Research,2018,117(3):721-727.