高分二号的沈阳市黑臭水体遥感识别
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摘要
中国城市黑臭水体情况严重,基于遥感监测黑臭水体刚刚起步,很多问题待解决。以沈阳市城市建成区内主要河流为研究区,于2015年—2016年开展地面调查,获取了浑河和蒲河46个一般水体的样点,和辉山明渠、满堂河、细河以及微山湖路附近、丁香湖北部50个黑臭水体的样点数据,包括水面光谱和主要水质参数。分析了黑臭水体与一般水体的光谱特征,发现城市黑臭水体反射率光谱在绿光—红光波段变化比一般水体平缓,基于这一特点提出了一种基于反射率光谱指数BOI(Black and Odorous water Index)的黑臭水体识别模型,并将其与红绿波段比值指数进行对比,具有更好的识别精度。结果表明:(1)基于遥感反射率(Rrs)计算的BOI小于0.065时,可判为黑臭水体。(2)由于GF2水体图像精确大气校正存在困难,可以利用瑞利散射校正反射率(Rrc)替代R_(rs),BOI小于阈值0.05时,可判别为黑臭水体;同时模拟证明,当气溶胶光学厚度逐渐增大时,黑臭水体与一般水体的光谱差异将逐渐减小,因此这种方法主要适用于比较清晰的图像、气溶胶光学厚度比较小(如AOT(550)≤0.5时)。(3)基于R_(rc)的BOI模型可以较好的应用于GF2图像上,具有较好的识别精度。对2015年—2016年3景GF-2影像提取的结果显示,满堂河和新开河黑臭现象得到逐步改善,辉山明渠黑臭现象依然严峻。本文发展的黑臭水体遥感识别算法主要是基于沈阳黑臭水体的光谱特征,仅在沈阳市进行了验证,将来还需在其他城市进一步验证,并且需要更多地考虑多种因素对水体反射率的影响。
The situation of urban black and odorous water in China is serious, but the monitoring of this water is just starting from remote sensing and many problems need to be solved. The research provides technical support for the effective regulation of urban black and odorous river.Taking the main rivers in the urban built-up area of Shenyang city as the research object, we carried out ground surveys from2015—2016 years, and obtained 46 general water samples in Hun river and Pu river, and 50 black and odorous water samples in Huishanming channel, Mantang river, Xi river, the river near the Weishanhu road, and the river of north of Dingxiang Lake, including the water spectrum and water quality parameters. Through the analysis of spectral characteristics of the black-odor water and general water, we found that the urban black and odorous water reflectance spectra in green-red band is gentler than the general water, then we put forward an index of BOI(Black and Odorous water Index) based on the reflectivity spectrum of black and odorous water recognition model. By comparing the BOI index with the ratio index of red and green bands(Wen, et al., 2018), BOI index has better recognition accuracy.The results show that:(1) When BOI based on the remote sensing reflectance(Rrs) is less than the threshold of 0.065, which can be awarded as black and odorous water.(2) Due to the difficulties of accurate atmospheric correction in GF2 image, Rayleigh scattering correction reflectance(Rrc) can be used to replace Rrs. When BOI is less than 0.05, it can be discriminated as black and odorous water. And the simulation prove that when the aerosol optical thickness increases gradually, the spectral differences of black and odorous water and general water will decrease, so this method is applicable to the clear image with small aerosol optical thickness(such as AOT(550) ≤0.5).(3) BOI based on Rrc can be applied to GF2 image better, and has better recognition accuracy. The results that are extracted from the three images from 2015 to 2016 are showed that the black and odorous phenomenon of Mantang river and Xinkai river have been gradually improved, but Huishanming channel is still serious.In this paper, the identification algorithm of black and odorous water is mainly based on the spectral characteristics of Shenyang city, it has been validated only in Shenyang, and further verification in other cities. And it is necessary to consider the influence of various factors on the reflectivity of water body in the future.
The situation of urban black and odorous water in China is serious, but the monitoring of this water is just starting from remote sensing and many problems need to be solved. The research provides technical support for the effective regulation of urban black and odorous river.Taking the main rivers in the urban built-up area of Shenyang city as the research object, we carried out ground surveys from2015—2016 years, and obtained 46 general water samples in Hun river and Pu river, and 50 black and odorous water samples in Huishanming channel, Mantang river, Xi river, the river near the Weishanhu road, and the river of north of Dingxiang Lake, including the water spectrum and water quality parameters. Through the analysis of spectral characteristics of the black-odor water and general water, we found that the urban black and odorous water reflectance spectra in green-red band is gentler than the general water, then we put forward an index of BOI(Black and Odorous water Index) based on the reflectivity spectrum of black and odorous water recognition model. By comparing the BOI index with the ratio index of red and green bands(Wen, et al., 2018), BOI index has better recognition accuracy.The results show that:(1) When BOI based on the remote sensing reflectance(Rrs) is less than the threshold of 0.065, which can be awarded as black and odorous water.(2) Due to the difficulties of accurate atmospheric correction in GF2 image, Rayleigh scattering correction reflectance(Rrc) can be used to replace Rrs. When BOI is less than 0.05, it can be discriminated as black and odorous water. And the simulation prove that when the aerosol optical thickness increases gradually, the spectral differences of black and odorous water and general water will decrease, so this method is applicable to the clear image with small aerosol optical thickness(such as AOT(550) ≤0.5).(3) BOI based on Rrc can be applied to GF2 image better, and has better recognition accuracy. The results that are extracted from the three images from 2015 to 2016 are showed that the black and odorous phenomenon of Mantang river and Xinkai river have been gradually improved, but Huishanming channel is still serious.In this paper, the identification algorithm of black and odorous water is mainly based on the spectral characteristics of Shenyang city, it has been validated only in Shenyang, and further verification in other cities. And it is necessary to consider the influence of various factors on the reflectivity of water body in the future.
引文
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China Centre for Resource Satellite Data and Application.2016.Calibration[EB/OL].(2016-10-10)[2017-04-05].http://www.cresda.com/CN/Downloads/dbcs/10506.shtml(中国资源卫星应用中心.2016.定标系数[EB/OL].(2016-10-10)[2017-04-05].http://www.cresda.com/CN/Downloads/dbcs/10506.shtml)
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Li K M,Liu J,Jiang D and Liu B.2005.Bioremediation and management of the Guliao River.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,11(6):742-746(李开明,刘军,江栋,刘斌.2005.古廖涌黑臭水体生物修复及维护试验.应用与环境生物学报,11(6):742-746)[DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1006-687X.2005.06.020]
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China Centre for Resource Satellite Data and Application.2014.GF-2[EB/OL].(2014-10-15)[2017-04-05].http://www.cresda.com/CN/Satellite/3128.shtml(中国资源卫星应用中心.2014.高分二号[EB/OL].(2014-10-15)[2017-04-05].http://www.cresda.com/CN/Satellite/3128.shtml)
China Centre for Resource Satellite Data and Application.2016.Calibration[EB/OL].(2016-10-10)[2017-04-05].http://www.cresda.com/CN/Downloads/dbcs/10506.shtml(中国资源卫星应用中心.2016.定标系数[EB/OL].(2016-10-10)[2017-04-05].http://www.cresda.com/CN/Downloads/dbcs/10506.shtml)
Duan H T,Ma R H,Loiselle S A,Shen Q S,Yin H B and Zhang Y C.2014.Optical characterization of black water blooms in eutrophic waters.Science of the Total Environment,482-483:174-183[DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.113]
Feng L,Hu C M,Han X X,Chen X L and Qi L.2014.Long-term distribution patterns of chlorophyll-a concentration in China’s largest freshwater lake:meris full-resolution observations with a practical approach.Remote Sensing,7(1):275-299[DOI:10.3390/rs70100275]
Gordon H R.1997.Atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery in the earth observing system era.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,102(D14):17081-17106[DOI:10.1029/96JD02443]
Gordon H R and Wang M H.1994.Retrieval of water-leaving radiance and aerosol optical thickness over the oceans with seawifs:a preliminary algorithm.Applied Optics,33(3):443-452[DOI:10.1364/AO.33.000443]
Hu C M.2009.A novel ocean color index to detect floating algae in the global oceans.Remote Sensing of Environment,113(10):2118-2129[DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2009.05.012]
Hu C M,Hackett K E,Callahan M K,Andréfou?t S,Wheaton J L,Porter J W and Muller-Karger F E.2003.The 2002 ocean color anomaly in the Florida Bight:a cause of local coral reef decline?.Geophysical Research Letters,30(3):51-1-51-4[DOI:10.1029/2002GL016479]
Jia Y H,Liu Y,Zhao H and Jia L Y.2007.The study and application of integrated pollution control technology in south canal in Shenyang.Jiangsu Environmental Science and Technology,20(4):27-30(贾玉鹤,刘阳,赵虹,贾丽艳.2007.综合治理技术在沈阳南运河污染防治中的研究应用.江苏环境科技,20(4):27-30)[DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4829.2007.04.009]
Jin H X and Pan J.2017.Urban black-odor water body remote sensing monitoring based on GF-2 satellite data fusion.Scientific and Technological Management of Land and Resources,34(4):107-117(靳海霞,潘健.2017.基于高分二号卫星融合数据的城镇黑臭水体遥感监测研究.国土资源科技管理,34(4):107-117)[DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-4210.2017.04.013]
Kutser T,Pierson D C,Kallio K Y,Reinart A and Sobek S.2005.Mapping lake CDOM by satellite remote sensing.Remote Sensing of Environment,94(4):535-540[DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2004.11.009]
Kutser T,Tranvik L and Pierson D C.2009.Variations in colored dissolved organic matter between boreal lakes studied by satellite remote sensing.Journal of Applied Remote Sensing,3(1):033538[DOI:10.1117/1.3184437]
Kutser T,Paavel B,Verpoorter C,Ligi M,Soomets T,Toming K and Casal G.2016.Remote sensing of black lakes and using 810 nm reflectance peak for retrieving water quality parameters of optically complex waters.Remote Sensing,8(6):497[DOI:10.3390/rs8060497]
Li K M,Liu J,Jiang D and Liu B.2005.Bioremediation and management of the Guliao River.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,11(6):742-746(李开明,刘军,江栋,刘斌.2005.古廖涌黑臭水体生物修复及维护试验.应用与环境生物学报,11(6):742-746)[DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1006-687X.2005.06.020]
Li X L,Zhang P C and Yu H C.2003.Analysis on black color and odor of Weigong River in Shenyang.Environmental Protection Science,29(5):27-28(李相力,张鹏程,于洪存.2003.沈阳市卫工河黑臭现象分析.环境保护科学,29(5):27-28)[DOI:10.16803/j.cnki.issn.1004-6216.2003.05.009]
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.2015.Urban black odor water remediation work guide.(住房和城乡建设部.2015.环境保护部关于印发城市黑臭水体整治工作指南的通知.[2017-04-25].http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/wjfb/201509/t20150911_224828.html)
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and Ministry of Environmental Protection.2016.National urban black-odor water regulation platform.(住房和城乡建设部,环境保护部.2016.全国城市黑臭水体整治监管平台.[2017-07-27]http://gz.hcstzz.com)
Mobley C D.1999.Estimation of the remote-sensing reflectance from above-surface measurements.Applied Optics,38(36):7442-7455[DOI:10.1364/AO.38.007442]
Pucciarelli S,Buonanno F,Pellegrini G,Pozzi S,Ballarini P and Miceli C.2008.Biomonitoring of Lake Garda:identification of ciliate species and symbiotic algae responsible for the“black-spot”bloom during the summer of 2004.Environmental Research,107(2):194-200[DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2008.02.001]
Qi L,Hu C M,Duan H T,Cannizzaro J and Ma R H.2014.A novel meris algorithm to derive cyanobacterial phycocyanin pigment concentrations in a eutrophic lake:theoretical basis and practical considerations.Remote Sensing of Environment,154:298-317[DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2014.08.026]
Rixen T,Baum A,Pohlmann T,Balzer W,Samiaji J and Jose C.2008.The Siak,a tropical black water river in Central Sumatra on the verge of anoxia.Biogeochemistry,90(2):129-140[DOI:10.1007/s10533-008-9239-y]
Rixen T,Baum A,Sepryani H,Pohlmann T,Jose C and Samiaji J.2010.Dissolved oxygen and its response to eutrophication in a tropical black water river.Journal of Environmental Management,91(8):1730-1737[DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.03.009]
Rusch A,T?pken H,B?ttcher M E and H?pner T.1998.Recovery from black spots:results of a loading experiment in the Wadden Sea.Journal of Sea Research,40(3-4):205-219[DOI:10.1016/S1385-1101(98)00030-6]
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