L波段探空观测偏差分析及订正算法研究
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摘要
为了探讨探空观测的水汽可降水量资料的可靠性,本文以GNSS/MET遥感的大气可降水量为参照标准,对广东汕头站2013年以及西藏那曲站2016年6月至2017年5月的两种可降水量观测结果进行对比分析和偏差订正。经过研究分析表明:两个站探空可降水量相比地基GNSS可降水量偏干,偏差分别为7. 4%和9. 8%。探空可降水量的偏差显示具有季节变化和日变化的特征,其中夏季偏差较明显,00时比12时明显。太阳辐射加热引起的地面气温的日变化和季节变化是造成偏差的重要原因。本文根据太阳辐射偏差订正经验公式,对两个站的探空可降水量进行偏差订正,订正后偏差明显减少。
In order to investigate the reliability of total atmospheric water vapor data from L-band radiosonde observations(RS PW), the atmospheric water vapor of GNSS/MET remote sensing(GNSS PW) is taken as the reference standard in this paper to comparatively analyze and correct the observed RS PW at Shantou Station in 2013 and Nagqu Station from June 2016 to May 2017. Research and analysis show that RS PWs at the two stations are obviously smaller than GNSS PW,and the deviations are 7. 4% and 9. 8%,respectively. The deviation has obvious seasonal and diurnal variation characteristics. In summer it is most obvious, and is more obvious at 0000 UTC than at 1200 UTC. Solar radiation heating and air temperature changes in the daily and seasonal variations are important reasons for the deviation. According to solar radiation bias correction formula, the L bias correction algorithm is proposed and used for correction. Then the deviation is reduced obviously after correction.
In order to investigate the reliability of total atmospheric water vapor data from L-band radiosonde observations(RS PW), the atmospheric water vapor of GNSS/MET remote sensing(GNSS PW) is taken as the reference standard in this paper to comparatively analyze and correct the observed RS PW at Shantou Station in 2013 and Nagqu Station from June 2016 to May 2017. Research and analysis show that RS PWs at the two stations are obviously smaller than GNSS PW,and the deviations are 7. 4% and 9. 8%,respectively. The deviation has obvious seasonal and diurnal variation characteristics. In summer it is most obvious, and is more obvious at 0000 UTC than at 1200 UTC. Solar radiation heating and air temperature changes in the daily and seasonal variations are important reasons for the deviation. According to solar radiation bias correction formula, the L bias correction algorithm is proposed and used for correction. Then the deviation is reduced obviously after correction.
引文
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向玉春,陈正洪,徐桂荣,等,2009.三种大气可降水量推算方法结果的比较分析[J].气象,35(11):48-54. Xiang Y C,Chen Z H,Xu G R,et al,2009. A comparison and analysis of the results of three methods for the calculation of water vapor resources[J].Meteor Mon,35(11):48-54(in Chinese).
邢毅,张志萍,曹云昌,等,2009. RS92型GPS探空仪的性能试验与分析[J].气象科技,37(3):336-340. Xing Y,Zhang Z P,Cao Y C,et al,2009. Experiment and analysis of GPS radiosonde RS92performance[J]. Meteor Sci Technol, 37(3):336-340(in Chinese).
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陈哲,杨溯,刘靓珂,2015. 1979-2012年中国探空相对湿度资料的非均一性检验与订正[J].气象,41(11):1374-1382. Chen Z,Yang S, Liu L K,2015. Inhomogeneity test and correction of China radiosonde relative humidity data from 1979 to 2012[J].Meteor Mon,41(11):1374-1382(in Chinese).
《大气科学辞典》编委会,1994.大气科学辞典[M].北京:气象出版社:346. Editorial《Dictionary of Atmospheric Sciences》,1994.Dictionary of Atmospheric Sciences[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press,346(in Chinese).
傅慎明,孙建华,赵思雄,等,2011.梅雨期青藏高原东移对流系统影响江淮流域降水的研究[J].气象学报,69(4):581-600. Fu S M,Sun J H,Zhao S X,et al,2011. A study of the impacts of the eastward propagation of convective cloud systems over the Tibetan Plateau on the rainfall of the Yangtze-Huai River Basin[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,69(4):581-600(in Chinese).
郝民,龚建东,王瑞文,等,2015.中国L波段探空湿度观测资料的质量评估及偏差订正[J].气象学报,73(1):187-199. Hao M,Gong J D,Wang R W,et al,2015. The quality assessment and correction of the radiosonde humidity data biases of L-band in China[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,73(1):187-199(in Chinese).
郝民,田伟红,龚建东,2014. L波段秒级探空资料在GRAPES同化系统中的应用研究[J].气象,40(2):158-165. Hao M,Tian W H,Gong J D,2014. Study of L-band second-level radiosonde data applied in GRAPES assimilation system[J]. Meteor Mon, 40(2):158-165(in Chinese).
李成才,毛节泰,1998. GPS地基遥感大气水汽总量分析[J].应用气象学报,9(4):470-477. Li C C,Mao J T,1998. Analysis for remote sensing of atmospheric precipitable water using ground based GPS receiver[J]. J Appl Meteor,9(4):470-477(in Chinese).
李德帅,2016.基于逐小时资料的华南地区汛期降水时空变化特征及其成因研究[D].兰州:兰州大学.Li D S,2016. Research on the spatiotemporal characteristics of hourly precipitation over South China during the warm season and its possible causes[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University(in Chinese).
李国平,黄丁发,郭洁,等,2010.地基GPS气象学[M].北京:科学出版本社:89-92. Li G P,Huang D F,Guo J,et al,2010. GroundBased GPS Meteorology[M]. Beijing:Science Press:89-92(in Chinese).
李伟,李峰,赵志强,等,2010. L波段气象探测系统建设技术评估报吿[M].北京:气象出版社:15-17. Li W,Li F,Zhao Z Q,et al.2010. L-Band Meteorological Detection System Construction Technology Assessment Report[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press. 15-17(in Chinese).
李伟,邢毅,马舒庆,2009.国产GTS1探空仪与VAISALA公司RS92探空仪对比分析[J].气象,35(10):97-102. Li W,Xing Y,Ma S Q,2009. The analysis and comparison between GTS1 radiosonde made in China and RS92 radiosonde of Vaisala Company[J]. Meteor Mon,35(10):97-102(in Chinese).
梁宏,刘晶淼,李世奎,2006.青藏高原及周边地区大气水汽资源分布和季节变化特征分析[J].自然资源学报,21(4):526-534. Liang H,Liu J M,Li S K, 2006. Analysis of precipitable water vapor source distribution and its seasonal variation characteristics over Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings[J]. J Natural Res,21(4):526-534(in Chinese).
梁宏,张人禾,刘晶淼,等,2012.青藏高原探空大气水汽偏差及订正方法研究[J].大气科学,36(4):795-810. Liang H,Zhang R H,Liu J M,et al,2012. Systematic errors and their calibrations for radiosondeprecipitable water vapor on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Chin J Atmos Sci,36(4):795-810(in Chinese).
冒晓莉,肖韶荣,刘清惓,等,2014.探空湿度测量太阳辐射误差修正流体动力学研究[J].物理学报,63(14):144701. Mao X L,Xiao S R,Liu Q Q,et al,2014. Fluid dynamic analysis on solar heating error of radiosonde humidity measurement[J]. Acta Physica Sin,63(14):144701(in Chinese).
施小英,施晓晖,2008.夏季青藏高原东南部水汽收支气候特征及其影响[J].应用气象学报,19(1):41-46. Shi X Y,Shi X H,2008.Climatological characteristics of summertime moisture budget over the southeast part of Tibetan Plateau with their impacts[J]. J Appl Meteor Sci,19(1):41-46(in Chinese).
唐南军,刘艳,李刚,等,2014.中低空探空相对湿度观测数据的新问题——基于中国L波段探空系统湿度观测异常偏干现象的初步分析[J].热带气象学报,30(4):643-653. Tang N J,Liu Y,Li G,et al,2014. New issue of relative humidity observations in the middle and low troposphere:preliminary analysis on abnormally dry phenomena of the Chinese L-band radiosonde system[J]. J Trop Meteor,30(4):643-653(in Chinese).
吴国雄,毛江玉,段安民,等,2004.青藏高原影响亚洲夏季气候研究的最新进展[J].气象学报,62(5):528-540. Wu G X,Mao J Y,Duan A M,et al,2004. Recent progress in the study on the impacts of Tibetan Plateau on asian summer climate[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,62(5):528-540(in Chinese).
向玉春,陈正洪,徐桂荣,等,2009.三种大气可降水量推算方法结果的比较分析[J].气象,35(11):48-54. Xiang Y C,Chen Z H,Xu G R,et al,2009. A comparison and analysis of the results of three methods for the calculation of water vapor resources[J].Meteor Mon,35(11):48-54(in Chinese).
邢毅,张志萍,曹云昌,等,2009. RS92型GPS探空仪的性能试验与分析[J].气象科技,37(3):336-340. Xing Y,Zhang Z P,Cao Y C,et al,2009. Experiment and analysis of GPS radiosonde RS92performance[J]. Meteor Sci Technol, 37(3):336-340(in Chinese).
徐祥德,赵天良,LuCG,等,2014.青藏高原大气水分循环特征[J].气象学报,72(6):1079-1095.Xu X D,Zhao T L,Lu C G,et al,2014. Characteristics of the water cycle in the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,72(6):1079-1095(in Chinese).
徐影.丁一汇,赵宗慈,2001.美国NCEP/NCAR近50年全球再分析资料在我国气候变化研究中可信度的初步分析[J].应用气象学报,12(3):337-347. Xu Y,Ding Y H,Zhao Z C,2001. Confidence analysis of NCEP/NCAR 50-year global reanalyzed data in climate change research in China[J]. J Appl Meteor Sci, 12(3):337-347(in Chinese).
颜晓露,郑向东,李蔚,等,2012.两种探空仪观测湿度垂直分布及其应用比较[J].应用气象学报,23(4):433-440. Yan X L,Zheng X D,Li W,et al,2012. Inter-comparision and application of atmospheric humidity profiles measured by CFH and Vaisala Rs80radisondes[J]. J Appl Meteor Sci,23(4):433-440(in Chinese).
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