独山子区优势草本植物根际与非根际土壤微生物功能多样性
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摘要
以独山子区3种优势草本植物的根际与非根际土壤为研究对象,采用Biolog-ECO微平板法对土壤微生物功能多样性进行了研究。结果表明:3种不同植物根际与非根际土壤微生物代谢活性(AWCD)、丰富度指数Shannon(H)和均匀度指数Mc Intosh(U)均存在不同差异,且博乐蒿根际土壤微生物功能多样性均优于非根际土壤及其他两种植物;根际土壤微生物对糖类、脂类、酸类和胺类碳源物质比较敏感,非根际土壤微生物敏感于酸类、氨基酸类以及糖类碳源,根际土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力更强,且不同植物根际环境微生物碳源利用特征不同;微生物活性、丰富度指数和微生物均匀度指数与土壤pH值、SOM、AP和NO-3-N存在显著正相关(P<0.05);博乐蒿根际土壤养分含量与微生物活性均较高,对环境的适应性更强,在独山子区生态环境管理与建设中可对其进行关注。
The microbial functional diversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of three dominant herbs in the Dushanzi area were studied using the Biolog-ECO micro-plate method. The results showed that the microbial metabolic activity,richness index,and uniformity index were different between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of the three species,and the soil microbial functional diversity of Artemisia boratalensis was superior to that in the non-rhizosphere soil and to the rhizosphere soils of other two species. Rhizosphere soil microbes are sensitive to sugar,lipids,acids,and amines,whereas the non-rhizosphere soil microbes are sensitive to acids,and amino acid and carbohydrate carbon sources.Rhizosphere soil microorganisms have stronger ability to use carbon sources,and microbial carbon source utilization characteristics differ in different plant rhizosphere environments. Significant correlations( P < 0.05) were observed between micro-organism activity,richness index,and evenness index,and soil pH,soil organic matter,available phosphorus,and NO-3-N. The rhizosphere soil of Artemisia boratalensis has higher microbial activity and stronger adaptability to theenvironment,and therefore should receive attention in Dushanzi ecological environment construction and management.
The microbial functional diversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of three dominant herbs in the Dushanzi area were studied using the Biolog-ECO micro-plate method. The results showed that the microbial metabolic activity,richness index,and uniformity index were different between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of the three species,and the soil microbial functional diversity of Artemisia boratalensis was superior to that in the non-rhizosphere soil and to the rhizosphere soils of other two species. Rhizosphere soil microbes are sensitive to sugar,lipids,acids,and amines,whereas the non-rhizosphere soil microbes are sensitive to acids,and amino acid and carbohydrate carbon sources.Rhizosphere soil microorganisms have stronger ability to use carbon sources,and microbial carbon source utilization characteristics differ in different plant rhizosphere environments. Significant correlations( P < 0.05) were observed between micro-organism activity,richness index,and evenness index,and soil pH,soil organic matter,available phosphorus,and NO-3-N. The rhizosphere soil of Artemisia boratalensis has higher microbial activity and stronger adaptability to theenvironment,and therefore should receive attention in Dushanzi ecological environment construction and management.
引文
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[2]宋长青,吴金水,陆雅海,沈其荣,贺纪正,黄巧云,贾仲君,冷疏影,朱永官.中国土壤微生物学研究10年回顾.地球科学进展,2013,28(10):1087-1105.
[3]罗希茜,郝晓晖,陈涛,邓婵娟,吴金水,胡荣桂.长期不同施肥对稻田土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.生态学报,2009,29(2):740-748.
[4]林先贵,胡君利.土壤微生物多样性的科学内涵及其生态服务功能.土壤学报,2008,45(2):892-900.
[5]杜滢鑫,谢宝明,蔡洪生,唐璐,郭长虹.大庆盐碱地九种植物根际土壤微生物群落结构及功能多样性.生态学报,2016,36(3):740-747.
[6]安韶山,李国辉,陈利顶.宁南山区典型植物根际与非根际土壤微生物功能多样性.生态学报,2011,31(18):5225-5234.
[7]Nicolitch O,Colin Y,Turpault M P,Uroz S.Soil type determines the distribution of nutrient mobilizing bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of beech trees.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,103:429-445.
[8]马琨,杨桂丽,马玲,汪春明,魏常慧,代晓华,何文寿.间作栽培对连作马铃薯根际土壤微生物群落的影响.生态学报,2016,36(10):2987-2995.
[9]冯伟,管涛,王晓宇,朱云集,郭天财.沼液与化肥配施对冬小麦根际土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,2011,22(4):1007-1012.
[10]Wei J,Liu X Y,Zhang X Y,Chen X,Liu S,Chen L.Rhizosphere effect of Scirpus triqueter on soil microbial structure during phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated wetland.Environmental Technology,2014,35(4):514-520.
[11]Lal R,Mokma D,Lowery B.Relation between soil quality and erosion//Ratta R,Lal R,eds.Soil Quality and Soil Erosion.Washington DC:CRC Press,1999:237-258.
[12]周桔,雷霆.土壤微生物多样性影响因素及研究方法的现状与展望.生物多样性,2007,15(3):306-311.
[13]Riley D,Barber S A.Bocarbonate accumulation and p H changes at the soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)root-soil interface.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1969,33(6):905-908.
[14]Schutter M,Dick R.Shifts in substrate utilization potential and structure of soil microbial communities in response to carbon substrates.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33(11):1481-1491.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:179-183.
[16]Benizri E,Amiaud B.Relationship between plants and soil microbial communities in fertilized grasslands.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37(11):2055-2064.
[17]曹永昌,杨瑞,刘帅,王紫泉,和文祥,耿增超.秦岭典型林分夏秋两季根际与非根际土壤微生物群落结构.生态学报,2017,37(5):1667-1676.
[18]Fisk M C,Ruether K F,Yavitt J B.Microbial activity and functional composition among northern peatland ecosystems.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(4):591-602.
[19]Kaiser O,Pühler A,Selbitschka W.Phylogenetic analysis of microbial diversity in the rhizoplane of oilseed rape(Brassica napus cv.Westar)employing cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent approaches.Microbial Ecology,2001,42(2):136-149.
[20]Smalla K,Wieland G,Buchner A,Zock A,Parzy J,Kaiser S,Roskot N,Heuer H,Berg G.Bulk and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis:plant-dependent enrichment and seasonal shifts revealed.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2001,67(10):4742-4751.
[21]Kowalchuk G A,Buma D S,de Boer W,Klinkhamer P G L,van Veen J A.Effects of above-ground plant species composition and diversity on the diversity of soil-borne microorganisms.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,2002,81(1):509-520.
[22]吴林坤,林向民,林文雄.根系分泌物介导下植物-土壤-微生物互作关系研究进展与展望.植物生态学报,2014,38(3):298-310.
[23]滕应,黄昌勇,龙健,姚槐应.复垦红壤中牧草根际微生物群落功能多样性.中国环境科学,2003,23(3):295-299.
[24]赵燕娜,廖超英,李晓明.毛乌素沙地4种固沙植物根际与非根际土壤生物学特性.干旱区研究,2015,32(4):680-686.
[25]王宏伟,黄清俊,李萍,朱继军,陈必胜.3种草本植物盐碱土栽培地的根际环境变化.上海农业学报,2012,28(3):66-69.
[26]Kasuga M,Liu Q,Miura S,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K,Shinozaki K.Improving plant drought,salt,and freezing tolerance by gene transfer of a single stress-inducible transcription factor.Nature Biotechnology,1999,17(3):287-291.
[27]胡婵娟,傅伯杰,刘国华,靳甜甜,刘宇.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型人工林下土壤微生物功能多样性.生态学报,2009,29(2):727-733.
[28]Cartwright J,Dzantor E K,Momen B.Soil microbial community profiles and functional diversity in limestone cedar glades.Catena,2016,147:216-224.
[29]Torsvik V,?vreas L.Microbial diversity and function in soil:from genes to ecosystems.Current Opinion in Microbiology,2002,5(3):240-245.