豫西济源二叠纪末—三叠纪初陆相微生物成因构造及其古环境意义
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摘要
在豫西济源地区发现的陆相微生物成因构造(Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures,MISSs),主要发育在孙家沟组和刘家沟组,可分为2大类即微生物席生长构造和微生物席破坏构造,8小类即生长脊构造、瘤状突起、曲形脱水裂痕、纺锤状脱水裂痕、似正弦状构造、树枝状脱水裂痕、多边形脱水裂痕和直脊状脱水裂痕。镜下分析显示具有大"U"形脊、定向排列的石英颗粒、近平行的暗色黏土矿物条带及悬浮排列的云母颗粒等微生物成因特征。通过与鲁山、黎城中元古界以及宜阳、柳林早三叠系微生物成因构造对比研究,认为研究区的微生物成因构造具有较为特殊的埋藏学特征,受二叠纪末灾变事件、适宜的沉积条件和气候因素控制,代表着研究区以微生物群落为主、后生动物稀少、植被贫乏、气候炎热和水土流失严重等特征的一种陆相灾后生态系。
We have firstly reported the presence of eight kinds of microbially induced sedimentary structures(MISSs)or sedimentary surface textures,including growth ridges,growth postulas,curved desiccation cracks,spindle-shaped cracks,"Manchuriophycus "structures,dendritic desiccation cracks,polygonal desiccation cracks and desiccation cracks from the terrestrial upper Permian Sunjiagou Formation and lower Triassic Liujiagou Formation in Jiyuan western Henan. Large U ridges,oriented sand quartz,mica grains and thin clayey laminae arranged parallel to bedding plane are the main features visible under the microscope. A series of evidence indicate that the Jiyuan MISSs are of biogenic origin. Compared with MISSs of the Mesoproterozoic Yunmengshan Formation in Lushan,the Mesoproterozoic Changchougou Formation in Licheng,Lower Triassic Liujiagou Formation in Yiyang and Liulin,we concluded that microbially induced sedimentary structures has special taphonomic characteristics and was controlled by the end-Permian mass extinction,sedimentary environments and climate factor in Jiyuan. MISSs of Jiyuan stands for terrestrial ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction with rich microbial community,scarce metazoan,poor plant,hot weather and serious soil erosion.
We have firstly reported the presence of eight kinds of microbially induced sedimentary structures(MISSs)or sedimentary surface textures,including growth ridges,growth postulas,curved desiccation cracks,spindle-shaped cracks,"Manchuriophycus "structures,dendritic desiccation cracks,polygonal desiccation cracks and desiccation cracks from the terrestrial upper Permian Sunjiagou Formation and lower Triassic Liujiagou Formation in Jiyuan western Henan. Large U ridges,oriented sand quartz,mica grains and thin clayey laminae arranged parallel to bedding plane are the main features visible under the microscope. A series of evidence indicate that the Jiyuan MISSs are of biogenic origin. Compared with MISSs of the Mesoproterozoic Yunmengshan Formation in Lushan,the Mesoproterozoic Changchougou Formation in Licheng,Lower Triassic Liujiagou Formation in Yiyang and Liulin,we concluded that microbially induced sedimentary structures has special taphonomic characteristics and was controlled by the end-Permian mass extinction,sedimentary environments and climate factor in Jiyuan. MISSs of Jiyuan stands for terrestrial ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction with rich microbial community,scarce metazoan,poor plant,hot weather and serious soil erosion.
引文
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[3]Pruss S,Fraiser M,Bottjer D J.Proliferation of Early Triassic wrinkle structures:implications for environmental stress following the end-Permian mass extinction[J].Geology,2004,32(5):461-464.
[4]Kershaw S,Crasquin S,Li Y,et al.Microbialites and global environmental change across the Permian-Triassic boundary:a synthesis[J].Geobiology,2012,10(1):25-47.
[5]Mata S A,Bottjer D J.Microbes and mass extinctions:paleoenvironmental distribution of microbialites during times of biotic crisis[J].Geobiology,2012,10(1):3-24.
[6]张利伟,杨文涛,牛永斌.河南宜阳地区陆相二叠系—三叠系界线附近微生物成因沉积构造特征及意义[J].地质论评,2014,60(5):1051-1060.[Zhang Liwei,Yang Wentao,Niu Yongbin.Characteristic and geological significance of microbially induced sedimentary structures(MISS)in terrestrial P-T boundary in western Henan[J].Geological Review,2014,60(5):1051-1060.]
[7]Chu D L,T J N,Song H J,et al.Early Triassic wrinkle structures on land:stressed environments and oases for life[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:10109,doi:10.1038/srep10109.
[8]Tu C Y,Chen Z Q,Retallack G J,et al.Proliferation of MISS-related microbial mats following the end-Permian mass extinction in terrestrial ecosystems:evidence from the Lower Triassic of the Yiyang area,Henan Province,North China[J].Sedimentary Geology,2016,333:50-69.
[9]Paik I S,Kim H J.Roll-up clasts in the Cretaceous Haman Formation,Korea:occurrences,origin and paleoenvironmental implications[J].Journal of the Geological Society of Korea,2014,50(2):269-276.
[10]Dai H,Xing L D,Marty D,et al.Microbially-induced sedimentary wrinkle structures and possible impact of microbial mats for the enhanced preservation of dinosaur tracks from the Lower Cretaceous Jiaguan Formation near Qijiang(Chongqing,China)[J].Cretaceous Research,2015,53:98-109.
[11]邢智峰.豫西中元古界云梦山组微生物成因沉积构造研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2010.[Xing Zhifeng.Study on microbially induced sedimentary structure(MISS)from the Meso-proterozoic Yunmengshan Formation in western Henan province[D].Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2010.]
[12]史晓颖,王新强,蒋干清,等.贺兰山地区中元古代微生物席成因构造:远古时期微生物群活动的沉积标识[J].地质论评,2008,54(4):575-586.[Shi Xiaoying,Wang Xinqiang,Jiang Ganqing,et al.Pervassive microbial mat colonization on Meso-proterozoic peritidal siliciclastic substrates:An example from the Huangqikou Formation(ca 1.6 Ga)in Helan Mountains,NW China[J].Geological Review,2008,54(4):575-586.]
[13]Schieber J,Bose P K,Eriksson P G,et al.Atlas of Microbial Mat Features Preserved within the Siliciclastic Rock Record[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2007.
[14]Noffke N.Geobiology:Microbial Mats in Sandy Deposits from the Archean Era to Today[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2010:194.
[15]Gerdes G,Klenke T,Noffke N.Microbial signatures in peritidal siliciclastic sediments:a catalogue[J].Sedimentology,2000,47(2):279-308.
[16]Noffke N,Gerdes G,Klenke T.Benthic cyanobacteria and their influence on the sedimentary dynamics of peritidal depositional systems(siliciclastic,evaporitic salty,and evaporitic carbonatic)[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2003,62(1/2):163-176.
[17]Noffke N.Extensive microbial mats and their influences on the erosional and depositional dynamics of a siliciclastic cold water environment(Lower Arenigian,Montagne Noire,France)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2000,136(3/4):207-215.
[18]Walter M R.Stromatolites:Developments in Sedimentology,Vol.20[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientic Publishing Company,1976:790.
[19]Tewari V,Seckbach J.Stromatolites:Interaction of Microbes with Sediments:Cellular Origin,Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology[M].Netherlands:Springer-Verlag,2011:751.
[20]郑伟,邢智峰.山西黎城中元古界常州沟组微生物成因构造(MISS)及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2015,29(4):825-832.[Zheng Wei,Xing Zhifeng.Characteristics and geological significance of microbially induced sedimentary structures(MISS)in Changzhougou Formation of Meso-proterozoic in Licheng county,Shanxi province[J].Geoscience,2015,29(4):825-832.]
[21]吴智平,侯旭波,李伟.华北东部地区中生代盆地格局及演化过程探讨[J].大地构造与成矿学,2007,31(4):385-399.[Wu Zhiping,Hou Xubo,Li Wei.Discussion on Mesozoic basin patterns and evolution in the eastern north China Block[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2007,31(4):385-399.]
[22]杨文涛,王敏,杜远生.中生代济源盆地沉积充填特征及其对秦岭、太行山隆升作用的响应[J].地质论评,2014,60(2):260-274.[Yang Wentao,Wang Min,Du Yuansheng.The depositional characteristics from Mesozoic Jiyuan Basin with its response to the uplift of Qinling orogen and Taihang mountains[J].Geological Review,2014,60(2):260-274.]
[23]张功成.济源凹陷盆地结构构造特征与油气勘探前景[J].断块油气田,1997,4(5):5-11.[Zhang Gongcheng.The architecture characteristics and petroleum prosprecting of Jiyuan Basin[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,1997,4(5):5-11.]
[24]徐莉,张成君,贾松海,等.河南济源大峪槐圪塔岭二叠—三叠系元素地球化学特征及古环境[J].地质学报,2015,89(1):137-148.[Xu Li,Zhang Chengjun,Jia Songhai,et al.Element geochemistry and palaeoenvironment of Permian-Triassic stratum in the Huaigeda hill of Dayu town Jiyuan Basin,Henan province[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(1):137-148.]
[25]陈世悦.华北地块南部晚古生代至三叠纪沉积构造演化[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(5):536-540.[Chen Shiyue.Sedimentary-tectonic evolution from late Palaeozoic to Triassic in the south of North China Block[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(5):536-540.]
[26]河南省地质矿产厅.河南省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997:116-149.[Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Henan Province.Stratigraphy(Lithostratic)of Henan province[M].Wuhan:China University of Geoscience Press,1997:116-149.]
[27]杨钟健.河南济源一新晚二叠世动物群[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1979,17(2):99-113.[Yang Zhongjian.A late Permian fauna from Jiyuan,Henan[J].Vertebrata Palasiatica,1979,17(2):99-113.]
[28]李锦玲.中国最原始的低等四足类动物群[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2000,30(3):279-283.[Li Jinling.The most primitive lower tetrapod fauna in China[J].Science China(Seri.D):Earth Sciences,2000,30(3):279-283.]
[29]Liu J,Xu L,Jia S H,et al.The Jiyuan tetrapod fauna of the Upper Permian of China-2.Stratigraphy,taxonomical review,and correlation[J].Vertebrata Palasiatica,2014,52(3):328-339.
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