河南济源下寒武统辛集组微生物成因沉积构造特征及成因分析
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摘要
微生物成因沉积构造(MISS)是微生物在沉积物和水界面与沉积环境相互作用,并通过微生物的生长、新陈代谢、破坏、腐烂等过程在沉积物中留下的各种生物作用的沉积构造,对于恢复古沉积环境具有重要的指示意义,也是近年来遗迹学研究的热点。河南济源地区下寒武统辛集组的石英砂岩层面上发现了大量的微生物成因沉积构造,通过宏观形态描述及微观分析,可识别出微生物席生长构造和微生物席破坏构造2种类型,微生物席生长构造中可见肯尼亚构造和细小网状生长脊,微生物席破坏构造以多边形脱水砂裂、曲形脱水砂裂及纺锤状脱水砂裂最为常见。环境分析结果表明,这些微生物成因沉积构造主要发育在潮间带,表明潮间带是微生物生长的良好环境。对微生物成因沉积构造成因机理的模拟表明后生动物的缺乏、砂质基底、光照、水动力条件及周期性暴露等因素对于其发育和保存都有至关重要的影响,潮下带-潮间带过渡区域发育的纺锤状脱水砂裂形成的主控因素为光照条件及上覆快速沉积物的压力,而潮间带多边形脱水砂裂形成的主控因素是周期性暴露的影响。
Microbially induced sedimentary structures(MISS)are primary sedimentary structures produced by the interaction between microbial activities and physical sedimentary environments in sediment and water interface.They are mainly influenced by microbial growth,metabolism,destruction and decay process in siliciclastic environments,so have an indicative significance to the paleoenvironmental reconstruction and are hotspots recently.A wide variety of MISS are identified on the sandstone surface from Lower Cambrian Xinji Formation of Jiyuan City,Henan Province.Based on macroscopic morphology characteristics and microscopic analysis,the structures can be divided into microbial mat growth features and microbial mat destruction features.Microbial mat growth features include kinneyia structures and slight reticular growth ridges.Polygonal shrinkage cracks,curved shrinkage cracks and spindle-shaped shrinkage cracks are the common microbial mat destruction features.These MISS mostly occur in the intertidal zone,indicating that intertidal zone is a relatively favorable environment for microbial growth.The simulation of genetic mechanism of MISS demonstrates that the lack of metazoan,the sandy substrates,illumination,hydrodynamic conditions and cyclical exposure have crucial influence on the development and preservation of MISS.Spindle-like cracks developed in subtidal-intertidal transition zone are mainly controlled by lighting and overlying quickly sediment pressure,yet polygon shrinkage cracks appeared in intertidal zone are influenced by cyclical exposure.
Microbially induced sedimentary structures(MISS)are primary sedimentary structures produced by the interaction between microbial activities and physical sedimentary environments in sediment and water interface.They are mainly influenced by microbial growth,metabolism,destruction and decay process in siliciclastic environments,so have an indicative significance to the paleoenvironmental reconstruction and are hotspots recently.A wide variety of MISS are identified on the sandstone surface from Lower Cambrian Xinji Formation of Jiyuan City,Henan Province.Based on macroscopic morphology characteristics and microscopic analysis,the structures can be divided into microbial mat growth features and microbial mat destruction features.Microbial mat growth features include kinneyia structures and slight reticular growth ridges.Polygonal shrinkage cracks,curved shrinkage cracks and spindle-shaped shrinkage cracks are the common microbial mat destruction features.These MISS mostly occur in the intertidal zone,indicating that intertidal zone is a relatively favorable environment for microbial growth.The simulation of genetic mechanism of MISS demonstrates that the lack of metazoan,the sandy substrates,illumination,hydrodynamic conditions and cyclical exposure have crucial influence on the development and preservation of MISS.Spindle-like cracks developed in subtidal-intertidal transition zone are mainly controlled by lighting and overlying quickly sediment pressure,yet polygon shrinkage cracks appeared in intertidal zone are influenced by cyclical exposure.
引文
[1]Gerdes G,Klenke T,Noffke N.Microbial signatures in peritidal siliciclastic sediments:A catalogue[J].Sedimentology,2000,47:279-308.
[2]Noffke N,Gerdes G,Klenke T,et al.Microbially induced sedimentary structures:A new category within the classification of primary sedimentary structures[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71(5):649-656.
[3]Noffke N.Geobiology microbial mats in sandy deposits from the Archean Era to today[M].Heidelberg:Springer,2010.
[4]Noffke N.Earths earliest microbial mats in a siliciclastic marine environment(2.9Ga Mozaan Group,South Africa)[J].Geology,2003,31(8):673-676.
[5]李涛.微生物席成因构造(MISS)组合及其古环境意义[D].北京:中国地质大学,2011.
[6]Samanta P,Mukhopadhyay S,Sarkar S,et al.Neoproterozoic substrate condition vis-à-vis microbial mat structure and its implications:Sonia sandstone,Rajasthan,India[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2015,106:186-196.
[7]Schieber J.Possible indicators of microbial mat deposits in shales and sandstones:Examples from the Mid-Proterozoic Belt Supergroup,Montana,U.S.A.[J].Sedimentary Geology,1998,120:105-124.
[8]Bouougri E,Porada H.Mat-related sedimentary structures in Neoproterozoic peritidal passive margin deposits of the West African Craton(Anti-Atlas,Morocco)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2002,153:85-106.
[9]梅冥相,高金汉,孟庆芬.中元古界非叠层石灰岩中的MISS:以北京延庆千沟剖面高于庄组第三段为例[J].地学前缘,2009,16(5):207-218.
[10]史晓颖,王新强,蒋干清,等.贺兰山地区中元古代微生物席成因构造:远古时期微生物群活动的沉积标识[J].地质论评,2008,54(5):577-586.
[11]陈留勤.河北兴隆中元古界大红峪组微生物成因构造特征及其地质意义[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2013,32(3):366-372.
[12]Hagadorn J W,Bottjer D J.Restriction of a Late Neoproterozoic biotope:Suspect-microbial structures and trace fossils at the Vendian-Cambrian transition[J].Palaios,1999,14:73-85.
[13]Noffke N.Extensive microbial mats and their influences on the erosional and depositional dynamics of a siliciclastic cold water environment(Lower Arenigian,Montagne Noire,France)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2000,136:207-215.
[14]Pruss S,Fraiser M,Bottjer D J.Proliferation of Early Triassic wrinkle structures:Implications for environmental stress following the end-Permian mass extinction[J].Geology,2004,32(5):461-464.
[15]汤冬杰,史晓颖,李涛,等.微生物席成因构造形态组合的古环境意义:以华北南缘中-新元古代为例[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2011,36(6):1033-1043.
[16]史晓颖,张传恒,蒋干清,等.华北地台中元古代碳酸盐岩中的微生物成因构造及其生烃潜力[J].现代地质,2008,22(5):669-682.
[17]郑伟,齐永安,邢智峰,等.豫西鲁山汝阳群微生物成因构造宏观特征分析及其沉积环境演化[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2012,32(1):24-31.
[18]邢智峰.豫西中元古界云梦山组微生物成因沉积构造研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2010.
[19]邢智峰,齐永安,郑伟,等.从微观角度认识微生物席在中元古代的繁盛:以豫西云梦山组为例[J].沉积学报,2011,29(5):857-865.
[20]Tu Chenyi,Chen Zhongqiang,Retallack G J,et al.Proliferation of MISS-related microbial mats following the end-Permian mass extinction in terrestrial ecosystems:Evidence from the Lower Triassic of the Yiyang area,Henan Province,North China[J].Sedimentary Geology,2016,333:50-69.
[21]Chu Daoliang,Tong Jinnan,Bottjer D J,et al.Microbial mats in the terrestrial Lower Triassic of North China and implications for the Permian-Triassic mass extinction[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2017,474:214-231.
[22]刘印环,王建平,张海清,等.河南的寒武系和奥陶系[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[23]王德有,张恩惠,阎国顺,等.河南省早寒武世岩相古地理及铅锌矿控矿环境研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1993.
[24]苗兰云,朱茂炎.华北板块南部寒武系底部辛集组遗迹化石及其时代意义[J].古生物学报,2014,53(3):274-289.
[25]Schieber J,Bose P K,Eriksson P G.Atlas of microbial mat features preserved within the siliciclastic rock record[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2007.
[26]Davies N S,Liu A G,Gibling M R,et al.Resolving MISS conceptions and misconceptions:A geological approach to sedimentary surface textures generated by microbial and abiotic processes[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2016,154:210-246.
[27]郭荣涛,郭丽娜,霍荣.皱饰构造研究进展综述[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(3):16-23.
[28]Pflüger F.Matground structures and redox facies[J].Palaios,1999,14:25-39.
[29]Mata S A,Bottjer D J.Facies control on Lower Cambrian wrinkle structure development and paleoenvironmental distribution,southern Great Basin,United States[J].Facies,2013,59(3):631-651.
[2]Noffke N,Gerdes G,Klenke T,et al.Microbially induced sedimentary structures:A new category within the classification of primary sedimentary structures[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71(5):649-656.
[3]Noffke N.Geobiology microbial mats in sandy deposits from the Archean Era to today[M].Heidelberg:Springer,2010.
[4]Noffke N.Earths earliest microbial mats in a siliciclastic marine environment(2.9Ga Mozaan Group,South Africa)[J].Geology,2003,31(8):673-676.
[5]李涛.微生物席成因构造(MISS)组合及其古环境意义[D].北京:中国地质大学,2011.
[6]Samanta P,Mukhopadhyay S,Sarkar S,et al.Neoproterozoic substrate condition vis-à-vis microbial mat structure and its implications:Sonia sandstone,Rajasthan,India[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2015,106:186-196.
[7]Schieber J.Possible indicators of microbial mat deposits in shales and sandstones:Examples from the Mid-Proterozoic Belt Supergroup,Montana,U.S.A.[J].Sedimentary Geology,1998,120:105-124.
[8]Bouougri E,Porada H.Mat-related sedimentary structures in Neoproterozoic peritidal passive margin deposits of the West African Craton(Anti-Atlas,Morocco)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2002,153:85-106.
[9]梅冥相,高金汉,孟庆芬.中元古界非叠层石灰岩中的MISS:以北京延庆千沟剖面高于庄组第三段为例[J].地学前缘,2009,16(5):207-218.
[10]史晓颖,王新强,蒋干清,等.贺兰山地区中元古代微生物席成因构造:远古时期微生物群活动的沉积标识[J].地质论评,2008,54(5):577-586.
[11]陈留勤.河北兴隆中元古界大红峪组微生物成因构造特征及其地质意义[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2013,32(3):366-372.
[12]Hagadorn J W,Bottjer D J.Restriction of a Late Neoproterozoic biotope:Suspect-microbial structures and trace fossils at the Vendian-Cambrian transition[J].Palaios,1999,14:73-85.
[13]Noffke N.Extensive microbial mats and their influences on the erosional and depositional dynamics of a siliciclastic cold water environment(Lower Arenigian,Montagne Noire,France)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2000,136:207-215.
[14]Pruss S,Fraiser M,Bottjer D J.Proliferation of Early Triassic wrinkle structures:Implications for environmental stress following the end-Permian mass extinction[J].Geology,2004,32(5):461-464.
[15]汤冬杰,史晓颖,李涛,等.微生物席成因构造形态组合的古环境意义:以华北南缘中-新元古代为例[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2011,36(6):1033-1043.
[16]史晓颖,张传恒,蒋干清,等.华北地台中元古代碳酸盐岩中的微生物成因构造及其生烃潜力[J].现代地质,2008,22(5):669-682.
[17]郑伟,齐永安,邢智峰,等.豫西鲁山汝阳群微生物成因构造宏观特征分析及其沉积环境演化[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2012,32(1):24-31.
[18]邢智峰.豫西中元古界云梦山组微生物成因沉积构造研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2010.
[19]邢智峰,齐永安,郑伟,等.从微观角度认识微生物席在中元古代的繁盛:以豫西云梦山组为例[J].沉积学报,2011,29(5):857-865.
[20]Tu Chenyi,Chen Zhongqiang,Retallack G J,et al.Proliferation of MISS-related microbial mats following the end-Permian mass extinction in terrestrial ecosystems:Evidence from the Lower Triassic of the Yiyang area,Henan Province,North China[J].Sedimentary Geology,2016,333:50-69.
[21]Chu Daoliang,Tong Jinnan,Bottjer D J,et al.Microbial mats in the terrestrial Lower Triassic of North China and implications for the Permian-Triassic mass extinction[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2017,474:214-231.
[22]刘印环,王建平,张海清,等.河南的寒武系和奥陶系[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[23]王德有,张恩惠,阎国顺,等.河南省早寒武世岩相古地理及铅锌矿控矿环境研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1993.
[24]苗兰云,朱茂炎.华北板块南部寒武系底部辛集组遗迹化石及其时代意义[J].古生物学报,2014,53(3):274-289.
[25]Schieber J,Bose P K,Eriksson P G.Atlas of microbial mat features preserved within the siliciclastic rock record[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2007.
[26]Davies N S,Liu A G,Gibling M R,et al.Resolving MISS conceptions and misconceptions:A geological approach to sedimentary surface textures generated by microbial and abiotic processes[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2016,154:210-246.
[27]郭荣涛,郭丽娜,霍荣.皱饰构造研究进展综述[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(3):16-23.
[28]Pflüger F.Matground structures and redox facies[J].Palaios,1999,14:25-39.
[29]Mata S A,Bottjer D J.Facies control on Lower Cambrian wrinkle structure development and paleoenvironmental distribution,southern Great Basin,United States[J].Facies,2013,59(3):631-651.