连作对大蒜土壤养分、微生物结构和酶活的影响
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摘要
为探讨引起大蒜连作障碍形成的原因,研究了连作0年(对照)、5年和10年的大蒜土壤理化性质、土壤微生物数量和酶活变化趋势。结果表明,随着连作年限的增加,大蒜产量降低,与对照相比,连作5年和10年的大蒜产量分别下降了31.1%和40.8%。大蒜连作使土壤p H升高,土壤速效钾、铵态氮,硝态氮及有机质的含量降低;土壤中细菌、放线菌数量降低,而真菌数量升高;土壤中过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性显著降低,说明长期连作影响土壤中物质和养分的转化。综上所述,长期连作使大蒜产量降低,p H升高,酶活降低,土壤中微生物结构发生改变。建议施用有机肥来改善土壤性质,改良土壤中微生物的酶活性和菌群结构。
In order to explore the causes of continuous cropping obstacles in garlic,this paper selected the soils in which garlic was grown for 0 year( control),5 years,and 10 years as research objects,and researched the changes of soils nutrients,soil microorganism quantity and enzyme activities. The results showed that with the increasing of continuous cropping years,garlic yield dropped significantly compared with the control. The production decreased by31.1% and 40.8% in 5 years and 10 years of continuous cropping soil,respectively. Soil p H increased significantly,while soil available potassium,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and soil organic matter decreased under long-term continuous cropping. The quantity of bacteria and actinomyces decreased,while that of fungi increased.The activities of urease,saccharase and catalase in soil tended to be decreased within 10 years of continuous cropping,indicating that long-term continuous cropping altered the soil nutrient. In conclusion,after long-term continuous cropping,the yield of garlic and enzyme activity decreased,soil p H increased,and the microorganism composition and structure were altered. It is suggested that organic fertilizer was applied to improve the enzyme activity and balance the soil microbial community structure soil property.
In order to explore the causes of continuous cropping obstacles in garlic,this paper selected the soils in which garlic was grown for 0 year( control),5 years,and 10 years as research objects,and researched the changes of soils nutrients,soil microorganism quantity and enzyme activities. The results showed that with the increasing of continuous cropping years,garlic yield dropped significantly compared with the control. The production decreased by31.1% and 40.8% in 5 years and 10 years of continuous cropping soil,respectively. Soil p H increased significantly,while soil available potassium,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and soil organic matter decreased under long-term continuous cropping. The quantity of bacteria and actinomyces decreased,while that of fungi increased.The activities of urease,saccharase and catalase in soil tended to be decreased within 10 years of continuous cropping,indicating that long-term continuous cropping altered the soil nutrient. In conclusion,after long-term continuous cropping,the yield of garlic and enzyme activity decreased,soil p H increased,and the microorganism composition and structure were altered. It is suggested that organic fertilizer was applied to improve the enzyme activity and balance the soil microbial community structure soil property.
引文
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[5]孙瑞莲,赵秉强,朱鲁生,等.长期定位施肥对土壤酶活性的影响及其调控土壤肥力的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(4):406-410.Sun R L,Zhao B Q,Zhu L S,et al.. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil enzyme activities and its role in adjustingcontrolling soil fertility[J]. Plant Nutr. Fert. Sci.,2003,9(4):406-410.
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[8] Liu X,Zhang J,Gu T,et al.. Microbial community diversities and taxa abundances in soils along a seven-year gradient of potato monoculture using high throughput pyrosequencing approach[J]. PLoS ONE,2014,9(1):e86610.
[9]王喜枝,姚丽娟,王艳丽,等.不同连作年限对大蒜根际土壤养分含量、微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(9):58-63.Wang X Z,Yao L J,Wang Y L,et al.. Effects of continuous cropping for different years on garlic rhizosphere soil nutrients contents,microorganisms number and enzyme activities[J]. J.Henan Agric. Sci.,2016,45(9):58-63.
[10]王梦怡.连续套作大蒜对大棚连作茄子的生物效应和生态效应研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,博士学位论文,2016.Wang M Y. The biological and ecological effect of relay intercropped garlic on the continuous cropping eggplant growing in plastic tunnel[D]. Shanxi Yangling:Northwest A&F University,Docter Dissertation,2016.
[11]尉辉,张自坤,刘素慧,等.连作对大蒜生长及生理生化指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(19):239-242.Wei H,Zhang Z K,Liu S H,et al.. Effects of continuous cropping on garlic growth and physiological and biochemical indexes[J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull.,2010,26(19):239-242.
[12] Zhou J,Guan D,Zhou B,et al.. Influence of 34-years of fertilization on bacterial communities in an intensively cultivated black soil in northeast China[J]. Soil Biol.Biochem.,2015,90:42-51.
[13] Strickland T C,Sollins P. Improved method for separating light-and heavy-fraction organic material from soil[J]. Soil Sci.Soc. Am. J.,1987,51(5):1390-1393.
[14]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[15] Helmke P A,Sparks D L, Sparks D L, et al.. Lithium,sodium,potassium,rubidium,and cesium[A]. In:Methods of Soil Analysis[M]. Madison:Soil Science Society of America Inc.,1996.
[16]张腾,燕平梅,李园,等. 4种熏蒸剂对土壤微生物特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(3):116-120.Zhang T,Yan P M,Li Y,et al.. Effects of 4 fumigants on soil microbial characteristics[J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull.,2013,29(3):116-120.
[17]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[18]李敏.大蒜连作对土壤微生物区系、理化性状及根系分泌物的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,硕士学位论文,2012.Li M. Garlic(Allium Sativum L.)continuous cropping influence on soil microflora, physical and chemical characteristics and root exudates[D]. Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2012.
[19] Allison V J,Miller R M,Jastrow J D,et al.. Changes in soil microbial community structure in a tallgrass prairie chronosequence[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,2005,69(5):1412-1421.
[20] Alvey S,Yang C H, Buerkert A, et al.. Cereal/legume rotation effects on rhizosphere bacterial community structure in west african soils[J]. Biol. Fert. Soils,2003,37(2):73-82.
[21]高亚娟,王永和,杜岩,等.大棚草莓连作对土壤微生物区系和土壤养分含量的影响.北方园艺,2013(21):56-58.Gao Y J,Wang Y H,Yan D U,et al.. Effect of strawberry continuous cropping on soil microflora and soil nutrients content in greenhouses[J]. Northern Hortic.,2013(21):56-58.
[22]孙权,陈茹,宋乃平,等.宁南黄土丘陵区马铃薯连作土壤养分、酶活性和微生物区系的演变[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):208-212.Sun Q,Chen R,Song N P,et al.. Change trends of soil nutrients,enzyme activities,and microbial composition in continuous potato cropping system in semi-arid and cool hilly area of Ningxia[J]. J. Soil Water Conserv.,2010,24(6):208-212.
[23]孙彩菊,闫伟明,孟焕文,等.连续套作大蒜对大棚番茄的生物效应[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(3):137-143.Sun C J,Yan W M,Meng H W,et al.. Biological effect of garlic on tomato in successive interplanting patterns in plastic tunnel[J]. Acta Agric. Boreali-Occidentalis Sin.,2015,24(3):137-143.
[24]赵文婷,邱黛玉.大蒜对连作胁迫下当归根际微生物和酶活性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(10):29-33.Zhao W T,Qiu D Y. Effects of garlic on microorganisms and enzyme activities in rhizospheric soil of Angelica sinensis under continuous cropping stress[J]. Guangdong Agric. Sci.,2015,42(10):29-33.
[25]吴凤芝,赵凤艳,刘元英.设施蔬菜连作障碍原因综合分析与防治措施[J].东北农业大学学报,2000,31(3):241-247.Wu F Z,Zhao F Y,Liu Y Y. On the reasons of continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable facility gardening[J]. J.Northeast Agric. Univ.,2000,31(3):241-247.
[26]姜佳琦.生物有机肥对大蒜连作土壤酶、微生物及养分的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,硕士学位论文,2013.Jiang J Q. effect of bio-organic fertilizer on enzyme activities microbial and nutrients of garlic continuous cropping soil[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University, Master Dissertation,2013.
[2]帅正彬,李杰.蔬菜连作障碍与综防措施研究进展[J].中国园艺文摘,2014(10):60-63.Shuai Z B,Li J. Research progress of continuous cropping barrier and integrated control measures on vegetable[J]. Chin.Hortic. Abstacts,2014(10):60-63.
[3] Berendsen R L,Pieterse C M J,Bakker PA H M. The rhizosphere microbiome and plant health[J]. Trends Plant Sci.,2012,17(8):478-486.
[4]郭翠兰,李慧,许文燕.金乡大蒜生产面临的问题及解决途径[J].中国园艺文摘,2011,27(1):156-157.
[5]孙瑞莲,赵秉强,朱鲁生,等.长期定位施肥对土壤酶活性的影响及其调控土壤肥力的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(4):406-410.Sun R L,Zhao B Q,Zhu L S,et al.. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil enzyme activities and its role in adjustingcontrolling soil fertility[J]. Plant Nutr. Fert. Sci.,2003,9(4):406-410.
[6]田晓飞,李成亮,张民,等.钾肥用量对大蒜-棉花套作体系产量和土壤钾素有效性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):277-282.Tian X F,Li C L,Zhang M,et al.. Effects of potassium application rates on crop yield and soil potassium content in a garlic-cotton intercropping system under a four-year located experiment[J]. J. Soil Water Conserv.,2017,31(3):277-282.
[7]吕卫光,余廷园,诸海涛,等.黄瓜连作对土壤理化性状及生物活性的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(2):119-121.Lv W G,Yu T T,Zhu H T,et al.. Effects of cucumber continuous cropping oil the soil physi’chemical characters and biological activitie[J]. Chin. J. Eco-Agric.,2006,14(2):119-121.
[8] Liu X,Zhang J,Gu T,et al.. Microbial community diversities and taxa abundances in soils along a seven-year gradient of potato monoculture using high throughput pyrosequencing approach[J]. PLoS ONE,2014,9(1):e86610.
[9]王喜枝,姚丽娟,王艳丽,等.不同连作年限对大蒜根际土壤养分含量、微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(9):58-63.Wang X Z,Yao L J,Wang Y L,et al.. Effects of continuous cropping for different years on garlic rhizosphere soil nutrients contents,microorganisms number and enzyme activities[J]. J.Henan Agric. Sci.,2016,45(9):58-63.
[10]王梦怡.连续套作大蒜对大棚连作茄子的生物效应和生态效应研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,博士学位论文,2016.Wang M Y. The biological and ecological effect of relay intercropped garlic on the continuous cropping eggplant growing in plastic tunnel[D]. Shanxi Yangling:Northwest A&F University,Docter Dissertation,2016.
[11]尉辉,张自坤,刘素慧,等.连作对大蒜生长及生理生化指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(19):239-242.Wei H,Zhang Z K,Liu S H,et al.. Effects of continuous cropping on garlic growth and physiological and biochemical indexes[J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull.,2010,26(19):239-242.
[12] Zhou J,Guan D,Zhou B,et al.. Influence of 34-years of fertilization on bacterial communities in an intensively cultivated black soil in northeast China[J]. Soil Biol.Biochem.,2015,90:42-51.
[13] Strickland T C,Sollins P. Improved method for separating light-and heavy-fraction organic material from soil[J]. Soil Sci.Soc. Am. J.,1987,51(5):1390-1393.
[14]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[15] Helmke P A,Sparks D L, Sparks D L, et al.. Lithium,sodium,potassium,rubidium,and cesium[A]. In:Methods of Soil Analysis[M]. Madison:Soil Science Society of America Inc.,1996.
[16]张腾,燕平梅,李园,等. 4种熏蒸剂对土壤微生物特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(3):116-120.Zhang T,Yan P M,Li Y,et al.. Effects of 4 fumigants on soil microbial characteristics[J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull.,2013,29(3):116-120.
[17]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[18]李敏.大蒜连作对土壤微生物区系、理化性状及根系分泌物的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,硕士学位论文,2012.Li M. Garlic(Allium Sativum L.)continuous cropping influence on soil microflora, physical and chemical characteristics and root exudates[D]. Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2012.
[19] Allison V J,Miller R M,Jastrow J D,et al.. Changes in soil microbial community structure in a tallgrass prairie chronosequence[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,2005,69(5):1412-1421.
[20] Alvey S,Yang C H, Buerkert A, et al.. Cereal/legume rotation effects on rhizosphere bacterial community structure in west african soils[J]. Biol. Fert. Soils,2003,37(2):73-82.
[21]高亚娟,王永和,杜岩,等.大棚草莓连作对土壤微生物区系和土壤养分含量的影响.北方园艺,2013(21):56-58.Gao Y J,Wang Y H,Yan D U,et al.. Effect of strawberry continuous cropping on soil microflora and soil nutrients content in greenhouses[J]. Northern Hortic.,2013(21):56-58.
[22]孙权,陈茹,宋乃平,等.宁南黄土丘陵区马铃薯连作土壤养分、酶活性和微生物区系的演变[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):208-212.Sun Q,Chen R,Song N P,et al.. Change trends of soil nutrients,enzyme activities,and microbial composition in continuous potato cropping system in semi-arid and cool hilly area of Ningxia[J]. J. Soil Water Conserv.,2010,24(6):208-212.
[23]孙彩菊,闫伟明,孟焕文,等.连续套作大蒜对大棚番茄的生物效应[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(3):137-143.Sun C J,Yan W M,Meng H W,et al.. Biological effect of garlic on tomato in successive interplanting patterns in plastic tunnel[J]. Acta Agric. Boreali-Occidentalis Sin.,2015,24(3):137-143.
[24]赵文婷,邱黛玉.大蒜对连作胁迫下当归根际微生物和酶活性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(10):29-33.Zhao W T,Qiu D Y. Effects of garlic on microorganisms and enzyme activities in rhizospheric soil of Angelica sinensis under continuous cropping stress[J]. Guangdong Agric. Sci.,2015,42(10):29-33.
[25]吴凤芝,赵凤艳,刘元英.设施蔬菜连作障碍原因综合分析与防治措施[J].东北农业大学学报,2000,31(3):241-247.Wu F Z,Zhao F Y,Liu Y Y. On the reasons of continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable facility gardening[J]. J.Northeast Agric. Univ.,2000,31(3):241-247.
[26]姜佳琦.生物有机肥对大蒜连作土壤酶、微生物及养分的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,硕士学位论文,2013.Jiang J Q. effect of bio-organic fertilizer on enzyme activities microbial and nutrients of garlic continuous cropping soil[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University, Master Dissertation,2013.