土壤氮素转化及相关微生物过程研究
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摘要
研究土壤氮素转化及微生物作用机制,对减少化肥施用、减少环境污染、保持农业可持续发展、影响氮素循环方面具有重要意义。本文系统介绍了土壤氮素形态、土壤氮素转化及微生物过程,包括生物固氮、固氮微生物、固氮量计算,氨化及氨化微生物,硝化-反硝化作用及其微生物过程机理研究,综述了土壤氮素转化的研究新进展,并针对宁夏农业现状提出了研究展望。
Studying the mechanism of soil nitrogen transformation and microbial action is of great significance for reducing fertilizer use, reducing environmental pollution, maintaining sustainable development of agriculture and influencing nitrogen cycling. In this paper, forms of soil nitrogen, soil nitrogen transformation and microbial process were introduced, including biological nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fixing bacteria and nitrogen fixation microorganism and the calculation methods, ammoniation ammonification and nitrification denitrification and microbial process, new advance in soil nitrogen transformation was summarized, and research prospect was put forward the according to the status of agriculture in Ningxia.
Studying the mechanism of soil nitrogen transformation and microbial action is of great significance for reducing fertilizer use, reducing environmental pollution, maintaining sustainable development of agriculture and influencing nitrogen cycling. In this paper, forms of soil nitrogen, soil nitrogen transformation and microbial process were introduced, including biological nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fixing bacteria and nitrogen fixation microorganism and the calculation methods, ammoniation ammonification and nitrification denitrification and microbial process, new advance in soil nitrogen transformation was summarized, and research prospect was put forward the according to the status of agriculture in Ningxia.
引文
[1]王敬,程谊,蔡祖聪,等.长期施肥对农田土壤氮素关键转化过程的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):292-304.
[2]巴奇,李科姬,洪刚,等.土壤中有机碳和氮素的变化过程研究概况[J].环境保护与循环经济,2008(11):49-51.
[3]褚海燕,时玉,李云涛,等.我国华北平原麦田土壤微生物的空间分布规律[C].第八次全国土壤生物与生物化学学术研讨会暨第三次全国土壤健康学术研讨会论文摘要集.中国土壤学会土壤生物和生物化学专业委员会,2015.
[4]陈文新.中国豆科植物根瘤菌资源多样性与系统发育[J].中国农业大学学报,2004,9(2):6-7.
[5]C.B.Lipman,J.K.Taylord Proof of the Power of Wheat Plant to Fix Atmospheric Nitrogen[J].The Agricultural journal of India,1923,18(2):155-157
[6]J.Dobereiner,J.M.Day,P.J.Dart.Nitrogenase Activity and Oxygen Sensitivity of the Paspalum notatum-Azotobacter paspali Association[J].Journal of General Microbiology,1972,71(1):103-116
[7]姚拓.促进植物生长菌的研究进展[J].草原与草坪,2002(4):3-5.
[8]陈晓斌,张炳欣.PGPR菌作用机制的研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2000,20(1):38-41.
[9]李凤霞,姚拓,张德罡.植物生长促生菌浸种对高寒地区燕麦生长及固氮的效应[J].草业学报,2006(1):22-25.
[10]宋建国,刘伟,赵紫娟,等.土壤干燥过程对土壤易矿化有机态氮的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(2):183-188.
[11]Head I.M.,Hiorns W.D.,Embley T.M.,et al.The phylogeny of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria as determined by analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences[J].Journal of general Microbiology,1993,139(6):1147-1153.
[12]刘娟娟.环境条件对土壤微生物多样性和硝化作用的影响[D].南京:南京师范大学,2011.
[13]Teske A.,Alm E.,Regan J.M.,et al.Evolutionary relationships among ammonia-and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria[J].Journal of bacteriology,1994,176(21):6623-6630.
[14]董兴水,王智慧,黄学茹,等.硝化作用研究的新发现:单步硝化作用与全程氨氧化微生物[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):345-352.
[15]Le Roux X.,Poly F.,Currey P.,et al.Effects of aboveground grazing on coupling among nitrifier activity,abundance and community structure[J].The ISME journal,2007,2(2):221-232.
[16]孙翼飞,沈菊培,张翠景,等.不同放牧强度下土壤氨氧化和反硝化微生物的变化特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(8):1-10.
[17]王杨.不同酸度土壤硝化和反硝化活性的差异[D].大连:大连交通大学,2014.
[18]钟磊,王一喆,李鸣.草地硝化和反硝化微生物功能群研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(3):128-133.
[19]Dobbie K.E.,Mctaggart I.P.,Smith K.A.,Nitrous oxide emissions from intensive agricultural systems:Variations between crops and seasons,key driving variables,and mean emission factors[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1999,104(D21):26891-26899.
[20]Simek M.,Cooper J.E..The influence of soil p H on denitrification:Progress towards the understanding of this interaction over the last 50 years[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2002,53(3):345-354.
[2]巴奇,李科姬,洪刚,等.土壤中有机碳和氮素的变化过程研究概况[J].环境保护与循环经济,2008(11):49-51.
[3]褚海燕,时玉,李云涛,等.我国华北平原麦田土壤微生物的空间分布规律[C].第八次全国土壤生物与生物化学学术研讨会暨第三次全国土壤健康学术研讨会论文摘要集.中国土壤学会土壤生物和生物化学专业委员会,2015.
[4]陈文新.中国豆科植物根瘤菌资源多样性与系统发育[J].中国农业大学学报,2004,9(2):6-7.
[5]C.B.Lipman,J.K.Taylord Proof of the Power of Wheat Plant to Fix Atmospheric Nitrogen[J].The Agricultural journal of India,1923,18(2):155-157
[6]J.Dobereiner,J.M.Day,P.J.Dart.Nitrogenase Activity and Oxygen Sensitivity of the Paspalum notatum-Azotobacter paspali Association[J].Journal of General Microbiology,1972,71(1):103-116
[7]姚拓.促进植物生长菌的研究进展[J].草原与草坪,2002(4):3-5.
[8]陈晓斌,张炳欣.PGPR菌作用机制的研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2000,20(1):38-41.
[9]李凤霞,姚拓,张德罡.植物生长促生菌浸种对高寒地区燕麦生长及固氮的效应[J].草业学报,2006(1):22-25.
[10]宋建国,刘伟,赵紫娟,等.土壤干燥过程对土壤易矿化有机态氮的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(2):183-188.
[11]Head I.M.,Hiorns W.D.,Embley T.M.,et al.The phylogeny of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria as determined by analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences[J].Journal of general Microbiology,1993,139(6):1147-1153.
[12]刘娟娟.环境条件对土壤微生物多样性和硝化作用的影响[D].南京:南京师范大学,2011.
[13]Teske A.,Alm E.,Regan J.M.,et al.Evolutionary relationships among ammonia-and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria[J].Journal of bacteriology,1994,176(21):6623-6630.
[14]董兴水,王智慧,黄学茹,等.硝化作用研究的新发现:单步硝化作用与全程氨氧化微生物[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):345-352.
[15]Le Roux X.,Poly F.,Currey P.,et al.Effects of aboveground grazing on coupling among nitrifier activity,abundance and community structure[J].The ISME journal,2007,2(2):221-232.
[16]孙翼飞,沈菊培,张翠景,等.不同放牧强度下土壤氨氧化和反硝化微生物的变化特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(8):1-10.
[17]王杨.不同酸度土壤硝化和反硝化活性的差异[D].大连:大连交通大学,2014.
[18]钟磊,王一喆,李鸣.草地硝化和反硝化微生物功能群研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(3):128-133.
[19]Dobbie K.E.,Mctaggart I.P.,Smith K.A.,Nitrous oxide emissions from intensive agricultural systems:Variations between crops and seasons,key driving variables,and mean emission factors[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1999,104(D21):26891-26899.
[20]Simek M.,Cooper J.E..The influence of soil p H on denitrification:Progress towards the understanding of this interaction over the last 50 years[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2002,53(3):345-354.