一种水肥气高效耦合灌溉系统的设计与试验研究
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摘要
本研究旨在解决传统灌溉农业的"水氧矛盾"和根系的"向水追氧"两大农业难题,应用现代水肥耦合和增氧灌溉技术,设计了一种水肥气高效耦合灌溉系统。笔者通过应用增氧灌溉技术对水稻、黄瓜等作物的栽培试验证明:相比于常规灌溉方式,水、肥、气耦合灌溉能促进作物根系生长和提高根系活力,使其能最大限度地从土壤中吸收水分和养分,进一步挖掘和提高作物自身生产力,提高水肥利用效率,增产提质,同时也为从根源上缓解农业面源污染提供一种新途径。
The aim is to solve two problems in traditional irrigation agriculture, which are"water oxygen contradictions"and"root system grow to moisture and oxygen". With the application of modern technology of water and fertilizer coupling and aerated irrigation, an efficient water, fertilizer and gas coupling irrigation system was designed. The cultivation experiments of rice, cucumber and other crops were carried out by applying oxygation system. The results showed that compared with conventional irrigation, water-fertilizer and gas coupling irrigation could promote crop root growth and increase root activity, which could maximize the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil and increase crop productivity, so the system could not only improve water and fertilizer use efficiency and yield, but also provide a new way for alleviating the agricultural non-point source pollution from the source.
The aim is to solve two problems in traditional irrigation agriculture, which are"water oxygen contradictions"and"root system grow to moisture and oxygen". With the application of modern technology of water and fertilizer coupling and aerated irrigation, an efficient water, fertilizer and gas coupling irrigation system was designed. The cultivation experiments of rice, cucumber and other crops were carried out by applying oxygation system. The results showed that compared with conventional irrigation, water-fertilizer and gas coupling irrigation could promote crop root growth and increase root activity, which could maximize the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil and increase crop productivity, so the system could not only improve water and fertilizer use efficiency and yield, but also provide a new way for alleviating the agricultural non-point source pollution from the source.
引文
[1]汪天,王素平,郭世荣,等.植物低氧胁迫伤害与适应机理的研究进展,西北植物学报[J].2006,26(4):847-853.
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[7]Bhattarai S P,Su N,Midmore D J.Oxygation Unlocks Yield Potentials of Crops in Oxygen-limited Soil Environments[J].Advances in Agronomy,2005,88:313-377.
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[12]熊永磊,杨小丽,宋海亮.微纳米气泡在水处理中的应用及其发生装置研究[J].环境工程,2016,6:23-27.
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[15]李嘉竹,黄占斌,陈威,等.环境功能材料对半干旱地区土壤水肥利用效率的协同效应[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):32-236.
[16]刘德平,杨树青,史海滨,等.氮磷配施条件下作物产量及水肥利用效率[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(4):902-909.
[17]邵东国,孙春敏,王洪强,等.稻田水肥资源高效利用与调控模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(12):72-78.
[18]杨丽,廖传华,朱跃钊,等.微纳米气泡特性及在环境污染控制中的应用[J].化学进展,2012,31(6):1333-1337.
[19]邓超,杨丽,陈海军,等.微纳米气泡发生装置及其应用的研究进展[J].石油化工,2014,43(10):1206-1213.
[20]张学发,杨昆,马骏,等.微/纳米气泡技术在金属表面脱脂处理中的应用研究[J].清洗世界,2011,27(10):29-42.
[2]赵峰,王丹英,徐春梅,等.水稻氧营养的生理、生态机理及环境效应研究进展[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(4):335-341.
[3]雍太文,杨文钰,向达兵,等.不同种植模式对作物根系生长、产量及根际土壤微生物数量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):125-132.
[4]赵峰,王丹英,徐春梅,等.根际增氧模式的水稻形态、生理及产量响应特征[J].作物学报,2010,36(2):303-312.
[5]Lei H J,Bhattarai S,Balsys R,et al.Temporal and spatial dimension of dissolved oxygen saturation with fluidic oscillator and Mazzei air injector in soil-less irrigation systems[J].Irrigation science,2016,34(6):421-430.
[6]雷宏军,胡世国,潘红卫,等.土壤通气性与加氧灌溉研究进展[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):297-308.
[7]Bhattarai S P,Su N,Midmore D J.Oxygation Unlocks Yield Potentials of Crops in Oxygen-limited Soil Environments[J].Advances in Agronomy,2005,88:313-377.
[8]Bhattarai S P,Pendergast L,Midmore D J.Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of tomato in heavy clay and saline soils[J].Scientiahorticulture,2006,108(3):278-288.
[9]郭晟.微泡生产的机理及微泡发生起的优化设计研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2006:9-16.
[10]刘季霖.微纳米气泡发生装置研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012:11-12.
[11]李旭,装毅,姚帮松,等.流体动力式超声波增氧装置的设计与试验研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(14):183-186.
[12]熊永磊,杨小丽,宋海亮.微纳米气泡在水处理中的应用及其发生装置研究[J].环境工程,2016,6:23-27.
[13]肖卫华,裴毅,姚帮松,等.一种水体微纳米增氧系统[P].中国专利.ZL2016 2 0650593.0,2016-6-28.
[14]肖卫华,裴毅,姚帮松,等.用于水体增氧的造涡掺气管[P].中国专利.ZL2016 2 0650621.9,2016-6-28.
[15]李嘉竹,黄占斌,陈威,等.环境功能材料对半干旱地区土壤水肥利用效率的协同效应[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):32-236.
[16]刘德平,杨树青,史海滨,等.氮磷配施条件下作物产量及水肥利用效率[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(4):902-909.
[17]邵东国,孙春敏,王洪强,等.稻田水肥资源高效利用与调控模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(12):72-78.
[18]杨丽,廖传华,朱跃钊,等.微纳米气泡特性及在环境污染控制中的应用[J].化学进展,2012,31(6):1333-1337.
[19]邓超,杨丽,陈海军,等.微纳米气泡发生装置及其应用的研究进展[J].石油化工,2014,43(10):1206-1213.
[20]张学发,杨昆,马骏,等.微/纳米气泡技术在金属表面脱脂处理中的应用研究[J].清洗世界,2011,27(10):29-42.