超微细活化磷肥对小白菜生长及磷利用的影响
|
摘要
为减少磷肥在土壤中的固定损失,提高其有效性,增加作物产量,通过小白菜盆栽试验,研究不同超微细活化磷肥对小白菜产量、品质、土壤养分以及肥料利用率的影响。本试验以不施肥和常规施肥为对照,设置磷肥与钾肥、腐植酸、沸石粉、硅藻土不同搭配并进行超微细化处理。结果表明:超微细活化磷肥处理均显著提高了小白菜的产量,增产率达0.44%～12.82%;与氮磷钾常规施肥处理相比,超微细磷钾-腐植酸-硅藻土-沸石粉活化处理小白菜的Vc含量增加了5.37%,硝酸盐含量降低了18.23%,可溶性糖含量降低了53.13%,土壤有效磷含量提高了17.20%～24.87%,磷肥利用率提高了3.28～8.47个百分点。在本试验条件下,推荐在肥料生产和施用中选择超微细磷钾-腐植酸-沸石粉活化处理的肥料。
To reduce the soil fixing of phosphorus fertilizer, improve the nutrition efficiency, and increase crop yield, the potted pakchoi experiment was conducted to study the effects of fertilizer on the yield and quality of pakchoi, soil nutrients and fertilizer use efficiency. In this study, we set up a control, a conventional fertilizer treatment and seven novel phosphorus fertilizers that combined with humic acid,zeolite powder, diatomite activator in different proportions. The results showed that, several optimized phosphorus treatments significantly increased the yield of pakchoi with increase rate from 0.44% to 12.82%; Compared with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium regular fertilization, the superfine phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-diatomite-zeolite activation treatment increased the content of Vc by5.37% of pakchoi and reduced the nitrate content and soluble sugar content by 18.23%, 53.13% respectively; The content of available phosphorus in soil increased by 17.20%～24.87%, and the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer increased from 11.70%(nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium regular fertilization)to 20.17%(superfine phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-zeolite activation treatment).Thus, under the conditions of this experiment, it is recommended to select the superfine phosphorus potassium-humic acid-zeolite-activated fertilizer in fertilizer production and application.
To reduce the soil fixing of phosphorus fertilizer, improve the nutrition efficiency, and increase crop yield, the potted pakchoi experiment was conducted to study the effects of fertilizer on the yield and quality of pakchoi, soil nutrients and fertilizer use efficiency. In this study, we set up a control, a conventional fertilizer treatment and seven novel phosphorus fertilizers that combined with humic acid,zeolite powder, diatomite activator in different proportions. The results showed that, several optimized phosphorus treatments significantly increased the yield of pakchoi with increase rate from 0.44% to 12.82%; Compared with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium regular fertilization, the superfine phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-diatomite-zeolite activation treatment increased the content of Vc by5.37% of pakchoi and reduced the nitrate content and soluble sugar content by 18.23%, 53.13% respectively; The content of available phosphorus in soil increased by 17.20%～24.87%, and the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer increased from 11.70%(nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium regular fertilization)to 20.17%(superfine phosphorus and potassium-humic acid-zeolite activation treatment).Thus, under the conditions of this experiment, it is recommended to select the superfine phosphorus potassium-humic acid-zeolite-activated fertilizer in fertilizer production and application.
引文
[1]胡霭堂.植物营养学(上册)[M].二版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:35-47.HU Ai-tang. Plant nutrition(Volume One)[M]. 2nd Edition. Beijing:China Agricultural University Press, 2003:35-47.
[2]曲均峰,戴建军,徐明岗,等.长期施肥对土壤磷素影响研究进展[J].热带农业科学, 2009, 29(3):75-80.QU Jun-feng, DAI Jian-jun, XU Ming-gang, et al. Advances on effects of long-term fertilization on soil phosphorus[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 2009, 29(3):75-80.
[3]鲁如坤.土壤磷素水平和水体环境保护[J].磷肥与复肥, 2003, 18(1):4-6.LU Ru-kun. The phosphorus level of soil and environmental protection of water body[J]. Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer, 2003, 18(1):4-6.
[4]鲁如坤,时正元,顾益初.土壤积累态磷研究Ⅱ.磷肥的表观积累利用率[J].土壤, 1995(6):286-289.LU Ru-kun, SHI Zheng-yuan, GU Yi-chu, et al. Study on accumulating phosphorus in soilⅡ. Apparent accumulation utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer[J]. Soil, 1995(6):286-289.
[5]刘彦伶,李渝,张雅蓉,等.长期氮磷钾肥配施对贵州黄壤玉米产量和土壤养分可持续性的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2017, 28(11):3581-3588.LIU Yan-ling, LI Yu, ZHANG Ya-rong, et al. Effect of long-term application of NPK fertilizer on maize yield and yellow soil nutrients sustainability in Guizhou, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017, 28(11):3581-3588.
[6]Cerozi B D, Fitzsimmons K. The effect of pH on phosphorus availability and speciation in an aquaponics nutrient solution[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 219:778-781.
[7]Sharpley A N, Daniel T C, Sims J T, et al. Determining environmentally sound soil phosphorus levels[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1996, 51(2):160-166.
[8]Schwab A P, Kulyingyong S. Changes in phosphate activities and availability indexes with depth after 40 years of fertilization[J]. Soil Science,1989, 147(3):179-186.
[9]Mckenzie R H, Jwb S, Dormaar J F, et al. Long-term crop rotation and fertilizer effects on phosphorus transformations:Ⅰ. In a Chernozemic soil[J]. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 1993, 72(4):581-589.
[10]李清华,王飞,林诚,等.水旱轮作对冷浸田土壤碳、氮、磷养分活化的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2015, 29(6):113-117.LI Qing-hua, WANG Fei, LI Cheng, et al. Effect of paddy-upland rotation on the nutrient activation of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in cold waterlogged paddy field[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(6):113-117.
[11]龚蓉.磷肥减量施用对玉米和小白菜生长、养分吸收利用及养分淋失的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学, 2015.GONG Rong. Effect of phosphorus reduction on corn and cabbage growth, nutrition uptake, utilization and nutrition leaching in the embankment upland[D]. Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University, 2015.
[12]李见云,化全县,周健民,等.硅藻土对磷在红壤中吸附解吸的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2007, 21(4):181-184.LI Jian-yun, HUA Quan-xian, ZHOU Jian-min, et al. Effect of diatomite on phosphorus adsorption and desorption in ferrosols[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 21(4):181-184.
[13]杨莹,杨雪芹,关文玲,等.不同添加材料对化肥中磷素释放和扩散的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 33(6):84-86.YANG Ying, YANG Xue-qin, GUAN Wen-ling, et al. Effects of different amendments on the release and diffusion of phosphorus from chemical fertilizer[J]. Journal of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition), 2005, 33(6):84-86.
[14]李春越,党廷辉,王万忠,等.腐植酸对农田土壤磷素吸附行为的影响研究[J].水土保持学报, 2011, 25(3):77-82.LI Chun-yue, DANG Ting-hui, WANG Wan-zhong, et al. Influence of humic acid on the adsorption behavior of phosphorus in agricultural soil[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(3):77-82.
[15]国林涛.超微细磷矿粉的生物有效性及其机理研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2008.GUO Lin-tao. Biological availability and mechanism of phosphorus rock power[D]. Tai′an:Shandong Agricultural University, 2008.
[16]何振全.超微细磷矿粉的释磷特征及对冬小麦的营养效应[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2010.HE Zhen-quan. The phosphorus-releasing characteristics of ultrafine rock phosphate powder and its nutritional effects on wheat[D].Tai′an:Shandong Agricultural University, 2010.
[17]赵夫涛,盖国胜,井大炜,等.磷矿粉的超微细活化及磷释放动态研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(2):474-477.ZHAO Fu-tao, GAI Guo-sheng, JING da-wei, et al. Ultrafine grinding activations of phosphate rock and their dynamic phosphorus releases[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2009, 15(2):474-477.
[18]黄雷,毛小云,陈娴,等.超微活化条件对磷矿粉磷素形态及肥效的影响[J].土壤学报, 2013, 50(4):769-777.HUANG Lei, MAO Xiao-yun, CHEN Xian, et al. Phosphorus availability and fertilizer efficiency of rock phosphate as affected by ultrafine activation[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2013, 50(4):769-777.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].三版.北京:中国农业出版社, 2005.BAO Shi-dan. Soil agricultural chemistry analysis[M]. 3rd Edition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press, 2005.
[20]陈云峰,李双来,胡诚,等.荆州市粮棉油作物肥料偏生产力和农学效率现状[J].湖北农业科学, 2010, 49(增刊1):67-69.CHEN Yun-feng, LI Shuang-lai, HU Cheng, et al. Partial productivity and agronomic efficiency of grain, cotton and oil in Jingzhou[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 49(Suppl 1):67-69.
[21]杜振宇,王清华,刘方春,等.腐植酸物质对磷在褐土中迁移的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2012(2):14-17, 50.DU Zhen-yu, WANG Qing-hua, LIU Fang-chun, et al. Phosphorus movement in a cinnamon soil as affected by humic substances[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2012(2):14-17, 50.
[22]朱从桦,张嘉莉,郭翔,等.硅磷肥配施提高四川春玉米的氮磷钾吸收和产量[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(6):1603-1611.ZHU Cong-hua, ZHANG Jia-li, GUO Xiang, et al. Effect of increasing N, P and K uptake and yield of spring maize through combined silicon and phosphate fertilizer application in Sichuan[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2016, 22(6):1603-1611.
[23]Kulikova N A, Kholodov V A, Perminova I V, et al. Adsorption of the herbicide acetochlor by different soils types[J]. Eurasian Soil Science,2005, 38(5):533-540.
[24]Iyamuremye F, Dick R P, Baham J. Organic amendments and phosphorus dynamics:Ⅱ. Distribution of soil phosphorus fractions[J]. Soil Science, 1996, 161(7):436-443.
[25]李会合,王正银.施氮对小白菜产量和品质的效应[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2007(4):53-55.LI Hui-he, WANG Zheng-yin. Influence and assessment of nitrogen rates on nitrate content and nutrient quality of Chinese cabbage(B.chinensis L.)[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2007(4):53-55.
[2]曲均峰,戴建军,徐明岗,等.长期施肥对土壤磷素影响研究进展[J].热带农业科学, 2009, 29(3):75-80.QU Jun-feng, DAI Jian-jun, XU Ming-gang, et al. Advances on effects of long-term fertilization on soil phosphorus[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 2009, 29(3):75-80.
[3]鲁如坤.土壤磷素水平和水体环境保护[J].磷肥与复肥, 2003, 18(1):4-6.LU Ru-kun. The phosphorus level of soil and environmental protection of water body[J]. Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer, 2003, 18(1):4-6.
[4]鲁如坤,时正元,顾益初.土壤积累态磷研究Ⅱ.磷肥的表观积累利用率[J].土壤, 1995(6):286-289.LU Ru-kun, SHI Zheng-yuan, GU Yi-chu, et al. Study on accumulating phosphorus in soilⅡ. Apparent accumulation utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer[J]. Soil, 1995(6):286-289.
[5]刘彦伶,李渝,张雅蓉,等.长期氮磷钾肥配施对贵州黄壤玉米产量和土壤养分可持续性的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2017, 28(11):3581-3588.LIU Yan-ling, LI Yu, ZHANG Ya-rong, et al. Effect of long-term application of NPK fertilizer on maize yield and yellow soil nutrients sustainability in Guizhou, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017, 28(11):3581-3588.
[6]Cerozi B D, Fitzsimmons K. The effect of pH on phosphorus availability and speciation in an aquaponics nutrient solution[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 219:778-781.
[7]Sharpley A N, Daniel T C, Sims J T, et al. Determining environmentally sound soil phosphorus levels[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1996, 51(2):160-166.
[8]Schwab A P, Kulyingyong S. Changes in phosphate activities and availability indexes with depth after 40 years of fertilization[J]. Soil Science,1989, 147(3):179-186.
[9]Mckenzie R H, Jwb S, Dormaar J F, et al. Long-term crop rotation and fertilizer effects on phosphorus transformations:Ⅰ. In a Chernozemic soil[J]. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 1993, 72(4):581-589.
[10]李清华,王飞,林诚,等.水旱轮作对冷浸田土壤碳、氮、磷养分活化的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2015, 29(6):113-117.LI Qing-hua, WANG Fei, LI Cheng, et al. Effect of paddy-upland rotation on the nutrient activation of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in cold waterlogged paddy field[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(6):113-117.
[11]龚蓉.磷肥减量施用对玉米和小白菜生长、养分吸收利用及养分淋失的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学, 2015.GONG Rong. Effect of phosphorus reduction on corn and cabbage growth, nutrition uptake, utilization and nutrition leaching in the embankment upland[D]. Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University, 2015.
[12]李见云,化全县,周健民,等.硅藻土对磷在红壤中吸附解吸的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2007, 21(4):181-184.LI Jian-yun, HUA Quan-xian, ZHOU Jian-min, et al. Effect of diatomite on phosphorus adsorption and desorption in ferrosols[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 21(4):181-184.
[13]杨莹,杨雪芹,关文玲,等.不同添加材料对化肥中磷素释放和扩散的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 33(6):84-86.YANG Ying, YANG Xue-qin, GUAN Wen-ling, et al. Effects of different amendments on the release and diffusion of phosphorus from chemical fertilizer[J]. Journal of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition), 2005, 33(6):84-86.
[14]李春越,党廷辉,王万忠,等.腐植酸对农田土壤磷素吸附行为的影响研究[J].水土保持学报, 2011, 25(3):77-82.LI Chun-yue, DANG Ting-hui, WANG Wan-zhong, et al. Influence of humic acid on the adsorption behavior of phosphorus in agricultural soil[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(3):77-82.
[15]国林涛.超微细磷矿粉的生物有效性及其机理研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2008.GUO Lin-tao. Biological availability and mechanism of phosphorus rock power[D]. Tai′an:Shandong Agricultural University, 2008.
[16]何振全.超微细磷矿粉的释磷特征及对冬小麦的营养效应[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2010.HE Zhen-quan. The phosphorus-releasing characteristics of ultrafine rock phosphate powder and its nutritional effects on wheat[D].Tai′an:Shandong Agricultural University, 2010.
[17]赵夫涛,盖国胜,井大炜,等.磷矿粉的超微细活化及磷释放动态研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(2):474-477.ZHAO Fu-tao, GAI Guo-sheng, JING da-wei, et al. Ultrafine grinding activations of phosphate rock and their dynamic phosphorus releases[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2009, 15(2):474-477.
[18]黄雷,毛小云,陈娴,等.超微活化条件对磷矿粉磷素形态及肥效的影响[J].土壤学报, 2013, 50(4):769-777.HUANG Lei, MAO Xiao-yun, CHEN Xian, et al. Phosphorus availability and fertilizer efficiency of rock phosphate as affected by ultrafine activation[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2013, 50(4):769-777.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].三版.北京:中国农业出版社, 2005.BAO Shi-dan. Soil agricultural chemistry analysis[M]. 3rd Edition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press, 2005.
[20]陈云峰,李双来,胡诚,等.荆州市粮棉油作物肥料偏生产力和农学效率现状[J].湖北农业科学, 2010, 49(增刊1):67-69.CHEN Yun-feng, LI Shuang-lai, HU Cheng, et al. Partial productivity and agronomic efficiency of grain, cotton and oil in Jingzhou[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 49(Suppl 1):67-69.
[21]杜振宇,王清华,刘方春,等.腐植酸物质对磷在褐土中迁移的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2012(2):14-17, 50.DU Zhen-yu, WANG Qing-hua, LIU Fang-chun, et al. Phosphorus movement in a cinnamon soil as affected by humic substances[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2012(2):14-17, 50.
[22]朱从桦,张嘉莉,郭翔,等.硅磷肥配施提高四川春玉米的氮磷钾吸收和产量[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(6):1603-1611.ZHU Cong-hua, ZHANG Jia-li, GUO Xiang, et al. Effect of increasing N, P and K uptake and yield of spring maize through combined silicon and phosphate fertilizer application in Sichuan[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2016, 22(6):1603-1611.
[23]Kulikova N A, Kholodov V A, Perminova I V, et al. Adsorption of the herbicide acetochlor by different soils types[J]. Eurasian Soil Science,2005, 38(5):533-540.
[24]Iyamuremye F, Dick R P, Baham J. Organic amendments and phosphorus dynamics:Ⅱ. Distribution of soil phosphorus fractions[J]. Soil Science, 1996, 161(7):436-443.
[25]李会合,王正银.施氮对小白菜产量和品质的效应[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2007(4):53-55.LI Hui-he, WANG Zheng-yin. Influence and assessment of nitrogen rates on nitrate content and nutrient quality of Chinese cabbage(B.chinensis L.)[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2007(4):53-55.