船舶表面微结构防污技术研究进展
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摘要
海洋污损生物对船壳浸水表面的危害十分严重,基于表面微结构的防污技术是一种绿色防污方法,不会对海洋生态环境造成任何危害,近些年来得到了重点研究。文中分析了自然界中多种具有自清洁能力的动植物的表面微观结构特征;总结了表面微观结构防污机理研究方面的进展;阐述了几种现有的微观结构防污理论模型:ERI模型、纳米力梯度模型以及SEA模型。对当前常用的微米级结构、纳米级结构以及微纳复合结构的加工方法进行了综述;分析了目前微结构表面防污性能常用评价方法:实船试验方法、浅海浸泡试验方法、接触角试验方法、附着力测量试验方法以及生物附着试验方法。基于细菌、石莼孢子、硅藻和藤壶金星幼虫等典型海洋污损生物,对表面微结构的防污特性进行了分析,提出深入研究海洋污损生物的附着机理和表面微结构的防污机理,进而建立表面微结构的设计基准。多尺度微纳结构的快速精准加工和完善防污性能评价体系,是表面微结构防污发展中面临的难题和未来发展方向。
Marine fouling organisms are very harmful to the immersed surface of the ship hull. The antifouling technology based on surface microstructure is a green antifouling method that will not cause any harm to the marine ecological environment, so it has been studied emphasically in recent years. The work analyzed the surface microstructure characteristics of many self-cleaning animals and plants in nature and summarized the research progress of surface microstructure antifouling mechanism. Moreover, several existing antifouling theoretical models of microstructure were described: engineered roughness index model, engineered nanoforce gradients model and surface energetic attachment model. The methods to process micron-scale structures, nano-scale structures and micro-nano-composite structures were reviewed and the common evaluation methods for antifouling performance of microstructures were discussed: real ship test method, shallow sea submergence test method, contact angle test method, adhesion measurement test method and biological adhesion test method. Based on typical marine fouling or-ganisms such as bacteria, ulva spores, diatoms and barnacle larvae, the antifouling properties of surface microstructures were analyzed. Then, the further studying of the adhesion mechanism of marine fouling organisms and antifouling mechanism of surface microstructure is proposed to establish surface microstructure design benchmark. The rapid and accurate processing of multi-scale micro/nano structure and the perfecting evaluation system of antifouling performance are the key problems and future directions in the development of surface microstructure antifouling technologies.
Marine fouling organisms are very harmful to the immersed surface of the ship hull. The antifouling technology based on surface microstructure is a green antifouling method that will not cause any harm to the marine ecological environment, so it has been studied emphasically in recent years. The work analyzed the surface microstructure characteristics of many self-cleaning animals and plants in nature and summarized the research progress of surface microstructure antifouling mechanism. Moreover, several existing antifouling theoretical models of microstructure were described: engineered roughness index model, engineered nanoforce gradients model and surface energetic attachment model. The methods to process micron-scale structures, nano-scale structures and micro-nano-composite structures were reviewed and the common evaluation methods for antifouling performance of microstructures were discussed: real ship test method, shallow sea submergence test method, contact angle test method, adhesion measurement test method and biological adhesion test method. Based on typical marine fouling or-ganisms such as bacteria, ulva spores, diatoms and barnacle larvae, the antifouling properties of surface microstructures were analyzed. Then, the further studying of the adhesion mechanism of marine fouling organisms and antifouling mechanism of surface microstructure is proposed to establish surface microstructure design benchmark. The rapid and accurate processing of multi-scale micro/nano structure and the perfecting evaluation system of antifouling performance are the key problems and future directions in the development of surface microstructure antifouling technologies.
引文
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[13]WENZEL R N.Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water[J].Industrial&engineering chemistry,1936,28(8):988-994.
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[17]SCARDINO A J,GUENTHER J,DE N R.Attachment point theory revisited:the fouling response to a microtextured matrix[J].Biofouling,2008,24(1):45-53.
[18]SCARDINO A J,HARVEY E,DE N R.Testing attachment point theory:Diatom attachment on microtextured polyimide biomimics[J].Biofouling,2006,22(1):55-60.
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[20]LONG C J,SCHUMACHER J F,ROBINSON P A C,et al.A model that predicts the attachment behavior of ulva linza zoospores on surface topography[J].Biofouling,2010,26(4):411-419.
[21]XIAO L,THOMPSON S E M,R?HRIG M,et al.Hot embossed microtopographic gradients reveal morphological cues that guide the settlement of zoospores[J].Langmuir,2013,29(4):1093-1099.
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