古油藏低矿化度水驱微观剩余油动用机理实验研究
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摘要
低矿化度水驱因成本较低,在低油价环境下成为近年来中外学者研究的热点,但针对低矿化度水驱的微观剩余油动用机理,目前仍存在一定争议。为此,以塔中4古油藏岩心为研究对象,借助CT扫描技术和D-T_2二维谱技术进行定量表征,将剩余油分为连片状、网络状、孤岛状和油膜状4种类型,研究低矿化度水驱对4种剩余油类型的动用情况,并通过能谱实验进行验证。结果表明:在地层水驱阶段,连片状剩余油逐渐减少,而网络状、孤岛状和油膜状剩余油增多;转注低矿化度水后,连片状剩余油所占比例进一步减小,网络状和孤岛状剩余油所占比例继续增大,但油膜状剩余油所占比例减小,说明低矿化度水促使原油从岩石表面解吸,对油膜状剩余油进行了有效动用,是采收率提高的主要原因。
Low salinity water flooding,characterized by low cost,has become the research focus of the scholars at home and abroad due to the low oil price in the recent years. However,the microscopic displacement mechanism of remaining oil by the low salinity water flooding is not clear. The cores from Tazhong4 paleo-oil reservoir were tested. The remaining oil was divided into four types(block,net,island and membrane type)with the help of CT scanning technique and D-T_2 two-dimensional NMR techniques. The production of the four types of remaining oil by the low salinity water flooding was analyzed and verified by energy spectrum experiment. The results show that the block-type remaining oil decreases gradually and the other types of remaining oil increase in the process of formation water flooding. When the low salinity water was injected,the proportion of the membrane-type remaining oil begins to decrease and the proportions of the other types remain the previous tendencies. The results indicate that the low salinity water can promote the desorption of crude oil from the surface of the rock and displace more membrane-type remaining oil,which eventually improves the recovery efficiency.
Low salinity water flooding,characterized by low cost,has become the research focus of the scholars at home and abroad due to the low oil price in the recent years. However,the microscopic displacement mechanism of remaining oil by the low salinity water flooding is not clear. The cores from Tazhong4 paleo-oil reservoir were tested. The remaining oil was divided into four types(block,net,island and membrane type)with the help of CT scanning technique and D-T_2 two-dimensional NMR techniques. The production of the four types of remaining oil by the low salinity water flooding was analyzed and verified by energy spectrum experiment. The results show that the block-type remaining oil decreases gradually and the other types of remaining oil increase in the process of formation water flooding. When the low salinity water was injected,the proportion of the membrane-type remaining oil begins to decrease and the proportions of the other types remain the previous tendencies. The results indicate that the low salinity water can promote the desorption of crude oil from the surface of the rock and displace more membrane-type remaining oil,which eventually improves the recovery efficiency.
引文
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[2]孔若水.低矿化度水驱油机理研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2017.KONG Ruoshui.Research on the mechanism of low-salinity water flooding[D].Beijing:China University of Geoscience(Beijing),2017.
[3]李扬,张凤生,李建玉,等.川中大安寨段致密灰岩储层核磁共振T2谱特征与解析[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(1):11-18,42.LI Yang,ZHANG Fengsheng,LI Jianyu,et al.Characterization and evaluation of NMR T2spectrum of the tight limestone reservoir in the Daanzhai Formation,Central Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(1):11-18,42.
[4]公言杰,柳少波,赵孟军,等.核磁共振与高压压汞实验联合表征致密油储层微观孔喉分布特征[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(3):389-394.GONG Yanjie,LIU Shaobo,ZHAO Mengjun,et al.Characterization of micro pore throat radius distribution in tight oil reservoirs by NMR and high pressure mercury injection[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2016,38(3):389-394.
[5]曲岩涛,姜志敏,史京生,等.水驱油过程的核磁共振二维谱研究[J].波谱学杂志,2012,29(1):51-59.QU Yantao,JIANG Zhimin,SHI Jingsheng,et al.Water flooding studied by measuring NMR two-dimensional distribution function[J].Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2012,29(1):51-59.
[6]陈挺,杨正明,王学武,等.致密油藏活性水采油机理[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(5):169-174.CHEN Ting,YANG Zhengming,WANG Xuewu,et al.Oil displacing mechanism for the active water flooding in tight oil reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(5):169-174.
[7]张浩,陈刚,朱玉双,等.致密油储层微观孔隙结构定量表征:以鄂尔多斯盆地新安边油田长7储层为例[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(1):112-119.ZHANG Hao,CHEN Gang,ZHU Yushuang,et al.Quantitative characterization of microscopic pore throat structure in tight sandstone oil reservoirs:A case study of Chang7 reservoir in Xin’anbian oil field,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(1):112-119.
[8]曹绪龙,李玉彬,孙焕泉,等.利用体积CT法研究聚合物驱中流体饱和度分布[J].石油学报,2003,24(2):65-68.CAO Xulong,LI Yubin,SUN Huanquan,et al.Determination of fluid saturation in polymer flooding by volume-CT method[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(2):65-68.
[9]张顺康,陈月明,侯健,等.岩石孔隙中微观流动规律的CT层析图像三维可视化研究[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(4):102-106.ZHANG Shunkang,CHEN Yueming,HOU Jian,et al.Three dimensional visualization for CT tomographic image of microscopic flow law of rock pore[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2006,28(4):102-106.
[10]侯健,罗福全,李振泉,等.岩心微观与油藏宏观剩余油临界描述尺度研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(6):95-98.HOU Jian,LUO Fuquan,LI Zhenquan,et al.The critical description scale study on core microscopic and reservoir macroscopic remaining oil[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(6):95-98.
[11]李磊.XM油田低矿化度注水提高采收率可行性研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2015.LI Lei.Feasibility study on enhanced oil recovery by low salinity water injection in XM oilfield[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2015.
[12]顾兆斌,刘卫,孙佃庆,等.2D NMR技术在石油测井中的应用[J].波谱学杂志,2009,26(4):560-568.GU Zhaobin,LIU Wei,SUN Dianqing,et al.Application of 2D NMR techniques in petroleum logging[J].Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2009,26(4):560-568.
[13]贾丽华.用核磁共振技术研究特高含水期剩余油分布[J].油气田地面工程,2011,30(1):40-42.JIA Lihua.Remaining oil distribution in high water cut stage by NMR technique[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2011,30(1):40-42.
[14]苏娜,黄健全,韩国辉,等.微观水驱油实验及剩余油形成机理研究[J].断块油气田,2007,14(6):50-51.SU Na,HUANG Jianquan,HAN Guohui,et al.Microscopic waterflood test and study on remaining oil forming mechanism[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2007,14(6):50-51.
[15]殷代印,房雨佳,辛勇亮.低渗透油藏改变驱替方向微观机理研究[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(3):59-63.YIN Daiyin,FANG Yujia,XIN Yongliang.Study on microscopic mechanism of changing displacement direction in low-permeability reservoirs[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(3):59-63.
[16]吴晨宇,侯吉瑞,赵凤兰,等.三元复合体系启动水驱后剩余油微观机理[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(5):84-88.WU Chenyu,HOU Jirui,ZHAO Fenglan,et al.Study on the microscopic mechanism of driving remaining oil by ASP compound system after water flooding[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(5):84-88.
[17]郑泽宇,朱倘仟,侯吉瑞,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏注氮气驱后剩余油可视化研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(2):93-97.ZHENG Zeyu,ZHU Tangqian,HOU Jirui,et al.Visible research on remaining oil after nitrogen flooding in fractured-cavity carbonate reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(2):93-97.
[18]张振涛.核磁共振二维谱识别微观剩余油方法研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2017.ZHANG Zhentao.Identification of microscopic remaining oil by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum(Beijing),2017.