高强混凝土经不同高温历程后性能劣化研究
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摘要
对经历不同加热温度和不同恒温时间的C60高强混凝土性能劣化进行了试验研究,并利用超声、显微硬度检测、扫描电子显微镜及汞压力测孔等综合手段观察其高温后细微观结构的变化。重点分析了高强混凝土外观、抗压强度、弹性模量、质量损失、高温爆裂机理、细微观结构的变化规律。研究结果表明,经不同高温历程后,高强混凝土的色泽变浅,从300℃恒温1 h时开始混凝土试块呈铁锈红色,直到400℃恒温2 h时铁锈红色消失,700~900℃试块外表呈灰白色;高强混凝土会在500℃时发生爆裂,较普通混凝土的爆裂温度低很多;凝胶分子、水泥水化物等受热分解,使其表面和内部产生孔隙和微裂纹,高强混凝土细微观结构逐渐变差,这是造成宏观力学性能劣化的根本原因。随着加热温度的升高与恒温时间的增长,高强混凝土的抗压强度、弹性模量和质量总体呈下降趋势,且相对恒温时间的不同,加热温度的变化对高强混凝土力学性能劣化的影响更大。
An experimental study was conducted on the performance deterioration of high strength concrete( HSC,C60)subjected to different heating temperature and time. Comprehensive means of scanning electron microscopy,mercury pressure measurement,ultrasonic detect and micro hardness tester were used to investigate the microstructure changes of HSC. The changes specimen color,compressive strength,elastic modulus,mass loss,burst mechanism,and the microstructure of HSC were analyzed. The results show that the color of HSC is shallow after different high temperature history,and it will be rusty red from one hour of 300 ℃ to two hours of 300 ℃,the appearance can be grayish white at 700 ℃ to 900 ℃. Moreover,HSC will burst at 500 ℃,and the cracking temperature is much lower than ordinary concrete. The root causes of the deterioration of macro-mechanical properties are gel molecules,cement hydrates and other thermal decomposition. The surface and internal cracks and micro-cracks,high-strength concrete microstructure gradually deteriorate. With the rise of heating temperature and time,the compressive strength,elastic modulus and mass loss of HSC decrease gradually. On this basis,the change of heating temperature is related to the performance degradation of HSC and has a greater impact.
An experimental study was conducted on the performance deterioration of high strength concrete( HSC,C60)subjected to different heating temperature and time. Comprehensive means of scanning electron microscopy,mercury pressure measurement,ultrasonic detect and micro hardness tester were used to investigate the microstructure changes of HSC. The changes specimen color,compressive strength,elastic modulus,mass loss,burst mechanism,and the microstructure of HSC were analyzed. The results show that the color of HSC is shallow after different high temperature history,and it will be rusty red from one hour of 300 ℃ to two hours of 300 ℃,the appearance can be grayish white at 700 ℃ to 900 ℃. Moreover,HSC will burst at 500 ℃,and the cracking temperature is much lower than ordinary concrete. The root causes of the deterioration of macro-mechanical properties are gel molecules,cement hydrates and other thermal decomposition. The surface and internal cracks and micro-cracks,high-strength concrete microstructure gradually deteriorate. With the rise of heating temperature and time,the compressive strength,elastic modulus and mass loss of HSC decrease gradually. On this basis,the change of heating temperature is related to the performance degradation of HSC and has a greater impact.
引文
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[20]PENG Gaifei.Evaluation of fire damage to high performance concrete[D].The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,1999.
[2]马保国,穆松,张风臣,等.高温下高强高性能混凝土性能劣化的表征方法[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2007,4(5):40-44.MA Baoguo,MU Song,ZHANG Fengchen,et al.Test methods of HSC/HPC deteriorated performance at high temperature[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2007,4(5):40-44.
[3]高宇剑.高强混凝土火灾后力学性能退化及高温爆裂机理研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2014,5:14-90.
[4]NOUMOWE,A.Mechanical properties and microstructure of high strength concrete containing polypropylene fibers exposed to temperatures up to 200℃[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2005,35(11):2192-2198.
[5]李丽娟,谢伟峰,刘锋,等.100 MPa高强混凝土高温后性能研究[J].建筑材料学报,2008,11(1):100-104.LI Lijuan,XIE Weifeng,LIU Feng,et al.Performance of100 MPa high strength concrete(HSC)after high temperature treatment[J].Journal of Building Materials,2008,11(1):100-104.
[6]柳献,袁勇,叶光,等.高性能混凝土高温微观结构演化研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(11):1474-1478.LIU Xian,YUAN Yong,YE Guang,et al.Study on pore structure evolution of high performance concrete with elevated temperatures[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2008,36(11):1474-1478.
[7]赵东拂,尤作凯,刘栋栋.高强混凝土过火温度与微观结构变化关系研究[J].建筑科学,2013,29(3):50-53.ZHAO Dongfu,YOU Zuokai,LIU Dongdong.Investigation on the relationship between fire temperature and changeof microstructure in high strength concrete[J].Building Science,2013,29(3):50-53.
[8]KIM G Y,KIM Y S,LEE T G.Mechanical properties of highstrengthconcrete subjected to high temperature by stressed test[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2009,19:128-133.
[9]PHAN L T,CARINO N J.Fire performance of high strength concrete:research needs[C].Advanced technology in structural engineering,structures congress,2000:1-8.
[10]赵东拂,刘梅.高强混凝土高温后剩余强度及无损检测试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2015,36(2):365-372.ZHAO Dongfu,LIU Mei.Experimental study on residual strength and nondestructive testing of high strength concrete after high temperature[J].Journal of Building Structures,2015,36(2):365-372.
[11]HE Z J,CAO W L,ZHANG J X.Multiaxial mechanical properties of plain recycled aggregate concrete[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,2014,67(8):401-413.
[12]吕培印.混凝土单轴、双轴动态强度和变形试验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2002,3.
[13]何振军,宋玉普.高温后高强高性能混凝土双轴强度规律与破坏准则[J].工程力学,2009,27(2),124-130.HE Zhenjun,SONG Yupu.Strength and failure criterion of plain high-strength high-performance concrete under biaxial compression surviving high temperatures[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,27(2):124-130.
[14]ZHAO D F,GAO H J,LIU H X,et al.Fatigue properties of plain concrete under trixial tension-compression-compression cyclic loading[J].Shock and Vibration,2017,9(2):127-133.
[15]鞠峰,吴丽雅.提高高强混凝土高温条件下抗爆裂性能的研究[J].混凝土,2003(3):41-43.JU Feng,WU Liya.The research of improving the spalling resistance of the high strength concrete in the condition of high temperature[J].Concrete,2003(3):41-43.
[16]傅宇方,黄玉龙,潘智生,等.高温条件下混凝土爆裂机理研究进展[J].建筑材料学报,2006,9(3):323-329.FU Yufang,HUANG Yulong,PAN Zhisheng,et al.Literature review of study on mechanism of explosive spalling in concrete at elevated temperatures[J].Journal of Building Materials,2006,9(3):323-329.
[17]BENTZ D.Fibers percolation and spalling of high performance concrete[J].ACI Material Journal,2000,97(3):351-359.
[18]宋玉普,赵东拂,覃丽坤.混凝土强度及疲劳寿命试验样本容量分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2002,42(4):464-466.SONG Yupu,ZHAO Dongfu,QIN Likun.Sample size analyses for tests of concrete strength and fatigue life[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2002,42(4):464-466.
[19]过镇海.混凝土的强度和变形-试验基础和本构关系[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
[20]PENG Gaifei.Evaluation of fire damage to high performance concrete[D].The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,1999.