废热锅炉在余热回收领域的应用研究
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摘要
为实现当今国际对于提高能源利用率、节能减排的目标,本文通过调研国内外文献、专利及工程应用情况,介绍了余热及余热回收设备的特点,归纳、比较了废热锅炉的各种类型、各自特点及使用范围,重点介绍了火管和烟道式废锅的应用、发展现状,并总结了提高废热锅炉炉内换热效率的方法。结果表明:烟道式废锅近年来在国内逐渐用于煤化工的气化产合成气以及垃圾焚烧烟气等领域;废热锅炉内部强化传热的方法主要有两类,一是合理布置管屏、保持炉内气流合理的湍动流场;二是改进受热面管/板自身的详细结构。因此,在越来越注重能源高效利用的现代社会,废热锅炉的使用将愈加广泛、提高其换热效率的方法也会被大力研究。
In order to realize the global goals of enhancing the energy efficiency, saving energy and reducing emission, by the ways of investigating and researching on papers, patents and engineering applications, the characteristics of waste heat and its recovery methods are introduced. Each type of waste heat boiler and its corresponding scope of use are summarized. The application and development status of fire-tube-type and flue-type waste heat boiler are also focused on. Methods to enhance the heat transfer rate inside the waste heat boiler are summarized. Results show that flue-type waste heat boilers are gradually used in fields of coal chemical industry and waste incineration. There are two main methods to enhance the heat transfer rate inside the boiler: reasonable arrangement of tube panels to ensure the turbulent flow field, and improvement of the heating tubes'/plates' inner structure. Therefore, in a society which lays much emphasis on high efficiency energy application, the waste heat boiler is definitely to be widely used, and its innovation will always be on its way.
In order to realize the global goals of enhancing the energy efficiency, saving energy and reducing emission, by the ways of investigating and researching on papers, patents and engineering applications, the characteristics of waste heat and its recovery methods are introduced. Each type of waste heat boiler and its corresponding scope of use are summarized. The application and development status of fire-tube-type and flue-type waste heat boiler are also focused on. Methods to enhance the heat transfer rate inside the waste heat boiler are summarized. Results show that flue-type waste heat boilers are gradually used in fields of coal chemical industry and waste incineration. There are two main methods to enhance the heat transfer rate inside the boiler: reasonable arrangement of tube panels to ensure the turbulent flow field, and improvement of the heating tubes'/plates' inner structure. Therefore, in a society which lays much emphasis on high efficiency energy application, the waste heat boiler is definitely to be widely used, and its innovation will always be on its way.
引文
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[3]于文博.催化裂化余热锅炉的技术特点[J].石化技术,2018(8):43.
[4]张敏,庄丽莉.某铜熔炼余热锅炉辐射区泄露失效分析[J].工业锅炉,2018(3):45-49.
[5]张丽丽,张光学,杨启岳,等.钢铁厂烧结废气双通道余热锅炉流场数值模拟[J].节能技术,2014,32(6):512-515.
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[7]覃川,王林平,魏立军,等.长庆气田净化厂脱硫装置余热资源的分析与计算[J].节能技术,2016,34(1):61-62.
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[21]肖廷文,孙双红.晋华炉气化技术装置的应用[J].氮肥与合成气,2018,46(1):1-3.
[22]王春,刘向荣.德士古气化炉废锅结渣的原因分析[J].山东化工,2016,45(20):121-122,124.
[23]GE整体煤气化解决方案及成果[J].化学工业,2013,31(7):29.
[24]J.M.斯托里,A.J.阿瓦利亚诺,A.N.格尔波德,等.辐射冷却器及其装配方法:中国,200880101727.1[P].2013-10-30.
[25]R.斯里帕达,A.A.法鲁奎,P.卡马卡,等.辐射合成气冷却器:中国,201610253387.0[P].2016-11-02.
[26]王锦生,孙登科,李维成,等.废锅流程的水煤浆水冷壁气化炉:中国,201310093011.4[P].2013-03-22.
[27]葛学利,乌晓江,张建文,等.一种非激冷防结渣辐射废热锅炉及其应用:中国,201310054951.2[P].2013-02-20.
[28]朱国庆,姚敏,张世程,等.可防堵渣的带热回收装置的气化设备:中国,201621187603[P].2016-11-04
[29]岳军,裴世钊,宋文军,等.一种应用于气化炉的独立屏式辐射热回收组件:中国,201621363819.5[P].2016-12-13.
[30]钱世平,王东风,朱才林,等.垃圾焚烧余热锅炉蒸发管屏:中国,201310094807.1[P].2013-03-23.
[31]葛铭,赵利杰,戴维葆,等.叉排三维外肋管的传热特性[J].化工学报,2017,68(10):3733-3738.
[32]Hussam Jouhara,Sulaiman Almahmoud,Amisha Chauhan,et al.Experimental and theoretical investigation of a flat heat pipe heat exchanger for waste heat recovery in the steel industry[J].Energy,2017(141):1928-1939.
[33]刘爽,周杰.三维内肋管紊流换热和阻力特性的试验研究[J].建筑节能,2017,45(318):88-90.
[34]王盟,范广铭,孙中宁.微肋管强化传热及优化设计[J].石油化工设备,2011,40(4):4-7.
[35]李洪亮,关延军,刘嘉渝,等.新型外螺纹横纹管管外强化传热分析[J].化工科技,2016,24(6):50-55.
[36]胡芳.印刷电路板式换热器流动与传热特性研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2012.
[37]Baek S,Kim JH,Jeong S,et al.Development of highly effective cryogenic printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE)with low axial conduction[J].Cryogenics,2012,52(7):366-374.
[38]林文珠,曹嘉豪,方晓明,等.管壳式换热器强化传热研究进展[J].化工进展,2018,37(4):1276-1286.
[39]Kumar A,Prasad B N.Investigation of twisted tape inserted solar water heaters-heat transfer,friction factor and thermal performance results[J].Renewable Energy,2000,19(3):379-398.
[40]Eiamsaard S,Somkleang P,Nuntadusit C,et al.Heat transfer enhancement in tube by inserting uniform/non-uniform twisted-tapes with alternate axes:effect of rotated-axis length[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2013,54(1):289-309.
[41]Kapse A A,Dongarwar P R,Gawande R R,et al.Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a circular tube fitted with combined twisted tape and helical screw tape insert[J].International Journal of Computer Applications,2015(3):22-25.
[42]Thianpong C,Eiamsaard P,Eiamsa-ard S.Heat transfer and thermal performance characteristics of heat exchanger tube fitted with perforated twisted-tapes[J].Heat & Mass Transfer,2012,48(6):881-892.
[43]Eiamsaard S,Promvonge P.Enhancement of heat transfer in a tube with regularly-spaced helical tape swirl generators[J].Solar Energy,2005,78(4):483-494.
[44]Gunes S,Ozceyhanv,Buyukala Cao.Heat transfer enhancement in a tube with equilateral triangle cross sectioned coiled wire inserts[J].Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science,2010,34(6):684-691.
[45]Promvonge P.Thermal augmentation in circular tube with twisted tape and wire coil turbulators[J].Energy Conversion & Management,2008,49(11):2949-2955.
[46]Eiamsaard S,Yongsiri K,Nanan K,et al.Heat transfer augmentation by helically twisted tapes as swirl and turbulence promoters[J].Chemical Engineering & Processing Process Intensification,2012,60(60):42-48.
[2]孟嘉.工业烟气余热回收利用方案优化研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.
[3]于文博.催化裂化余热锅炉的技术特点[J].石化技术,2018(8):43.
[4]张敏,庄丽莉.某铜熔炼余热锅炉辐射区泄露失效分析[J].工业锅炉,2018(3):45-49.
[5]张丽丽,张光学,杨启岳,等.钢铁厂烧结废气双通道余热锅炉流场数值模拟[J].节能技术,2014,32(6):512-515.
[6]万涛.合成塔废热锅炉封头法兰泄露原因分析及处理[J].石油化工设备技术,2018,39(4):51-55.
[7]覃川,王林平,魏立军,等.长庆气田净化厂脱硫装置余热资源的分析与计算[J].节能技术,2016,34(1):61-62.
[8]杨倩玉,姜阳,王雷.影响燃气-蒸汽联合循环余热锅炉效率因素分析[J].沈阳工程学院学报,2018,14(3):209-215.
[9]Maolin Wei,Xiling Zhao,Lin Fu,et al.Performance study and application of new coal-fired boiler flue gas heat recovery system[J].Applied Energy,2017(188):121-129.
[10]高淑宁,鲍鹤鸣,刘超,等.荒煤气余热利用研究进展及试验[J].节能技术,2018,36(1):30-33.
[11]王煜东,师文龙,沈培玉,等.中小型化肥厂余热资源分析与利用[J].节能技术,2013,31(5):474-480.
[12]Hamed Abbasfard,Mehdi Ghanbari,Amin Ghasemi,et al.Failure analysis and modeling of super heater tubes of a waste heat boiler thermally coupled in ammonia oxidation reactor [J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2012(26):285-292.
[13]Hussam Jouhara,Navid Khordehgah,Sulaiman Almahmoud,et al.Waste heat recovery technologies and applications[J].Thermal science and Engineering Progress,2018(6):268-289.
[14]Clemens Forman,Ibrahim Kolawole Muritala,Robert Pardemann.Estimating the global waste heat potential[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016(57):1568-1579.
[15]刘纪福,山本格(日本).实用余热回收和利用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993.
[16]Bebar L,Martinak P,Hajek J.Waste to energy in the field of thermal processing of waste[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2002(22):897-906.
[17]郑津洋,董其伍,桑芝富.过程设备设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
[18]连红奎,李艳,束光阳子,等.我国工业余热回收利用技术综述[J].节能技术,2011,29(166):123-128.
[19]古大田,方子风,等.废热锅炉[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[20]许世森,张东亮,任永强.大规模煤气化技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[21]肖廷文,孙双红.晋华炉气化技术装置的应用[J].氮肥与合成气,2018,46(1):1-3.
[22]王春,刘向荣.德士古气化炉废锅结渣的原因分析[J].山东化工,2016,45(20):121-122,124.
[23]GE整体煤气化解决方案及成果[J].化学工业,2013,31(7):29.
[24]J.M.斯托里,A.J.阿瓦利亚诺,A.N.格尔波德,等.辐射冷却器及其装配方法:中国,200880101727.1[P].2013-10-30.
[25]R.斯里帕达,A.A.法鲁奎,P.卡马卡,等.辐射合成气冷却器:中国,201610253387.0[P].2016-11-02.
[26]王锦生,孙登科,李维成,等.废锅流程的水煤浆水冷壁气化炉:中国,201310093011.4[P].2013-03-22.
[27]葛学利,乌晓江,张建文,等.一种非激冷防结渣辐射废热锅炉及其应用:中国,201310054951.2[P].2013-02-20.
[28]朱国庆,姚敏,张世程,等.可防堵渣的带热回收装置的气化设备:中国,201621187603[P].2016-11-04
[29]岳军,裴世钊,宋文军,等.一种应用于气化炉的独立屏式辐射热回收组件:中国,201621363819.5[P].2016-12-13.
[30]钱世平,王东风,朱才林,等.垃圾焚烧余热锅炉蒸发管屏:中国,201310094807.1[P].2013-03-23.
[31]葛铭,赵利杰,戴维葆,等.叉排三维外肋管的传热特性[J].化工学报,2017,68(10):3733-3738.
[32]Hussam Jouhara,Sulaiman Almahmoud,Amisha Chauhan,et al.Experimental and theoretical investigation of a flat heat pipe heat exchanger for waste heat recovery in the steel industry[J].Energy,2017(141):1928-1939.
[33]刘爽,周杰.三维内肋管紊流换热和阻力特性的试验研究[J].建筑节能,2017,45(318):88-90.
[34]王盟,范广铭,孙中宁.微肋管强化传热及优化设计[J].石油化工设备,2011,40(4):4-7.
[35]李洪亮,关延军,刘嘉渝,等.新型外螺纹横纹管管外强化传热分析[J].化工科技,2016,24(6):50-55.
[36]胡芳.印刷电路板式换热器流动与传热特性研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2012.
[37]Baek S,Kim JH,Jeong S,et al.Development of highly effective cryogenic printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE)with low axial conduction[J].Cryogenics,2012,52(7):366-374.
[38]林文珠,曹嘉豪,方晓明,等.管壳式换热器强化传热研究进展[J].化工进展,2018,37(4):1276-1286.
[39]Kumar A,Prasad B N.Investigation of twisted tape inserted solar water heaters-heat transfer,friction factor and thermal performance results[J].Renewable Energy,2000,19(3):379-398.
[40]Eiamsaard S,Somkleang P,Nuntadusit C,et al.Heat transfer enhancement in tube by inserting uniform/non-uniform twisted-tapes with alternate axes:effect of rotated-axis length[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2013,54(1):289-309.
[41]Kapse A A,Dongarwar P R,Gawande R R,et al.Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a circular tube fitted with combined twisted tape and helical screw tape insert[J].International Journal of Computer Applications,2015(3):22-25.
[42]Thianpong C,Eiamsaard P,Eiamsa-ard S.Heat transfer and thermal performance characteristics of heat exchanger tube fitted with perforated twisted-tapes[J].Heat & Mass Transfer,2012,48(6):881-892.
[43]Eiamsaard S,Promvonge P.Enhancement of heat transfer in a tube with regularly-spaced helical tape swirl generators[J].Solar Energy,2005,78(4):483-494.
[44]Gunes S,Ozceyhanv,Buyukala Cao.Heat transfer enhancement in a tube with equilateral triangle cross sectioned coiled wire inserts[J].Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science,2010,34(6):684-691.
[45]Promvonge P.Thermal augmentation in circular tube with twisted tape and wire coil turbulators[J].Energy Conversion & Management,2008,49(11):2949-2955.
[46]Eiamsaard S,Yongsiri K,Nanan K,et al.Heat transfer augmentation by helically twisted tapes as swirl and turbulence promoters[J].Chemical Engineering & Processing Process Intensification,2012,60(60):42-48.