德里罗《天秤星座》中寻求认同的局外人
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摘要
唐·德里罗小说《天秤星座》通过虚构的故事情节再现肯尼迪遇刺这一影响美国历史的重大事件。小说描写主人公奥斯瓦尔德为寻求认同而被一步步推向"杀手"的境地,折射人类的认同危机。本文以认同理论为分析视角,从他者之镜中的局外人、形象与符号之镜中的局外人、局外人主体身份的获得与失去等三个层面探讨小说主人公从寻求身份认同到建构主体自我、反抗强势他者的努力与挣扎,解读德里罗笔下这一历史人物的象征意义。
Don De Lillo's Libra fictionalizes the assassination of John F. Kennedy, an important event in American history. It portrays how Oswald, the protagonist in search of an identity, was ensnared by conspirators and gradually pushed to play the role of "a killer", reflecting human beings' identity crisis in contemporary times. This article, guided by theories of identity, interprets the symbolic meanings of the protagonist by discussing his struggles to belong, to make himself an active subject and to challenge the mighty Other. The article focuses on the three stages Oswald goes through: the outsider mirrored by the Other, the outsider allured by imaginative identity and symbolic identity, and finally the gain and loss of the outsider's identity.
Don De Lillo's Libra fictionalizes the assassination of John F. Kennedy, an important event in American history. It portrays how Oswald, the protagonist in search of an identity, was ensnared by conspirators and gradually pushed to play the role of "a killer", reflecting human beings' identity crisis in contemporary times. This article, guided by theories of identity, interprets the symbolic meanings of the protagonist by discussing his struggles to belong, to make himself an active subject and to challenge the mighty Other. The article focuses on the three stages Oswald goes through: the outsider mirrored by the Other, the outsider allured by imaginative identity and symbolic identity, and finally the gain and loss of the outsider's identity.
引文
Arensberg,Ann.“Seven Seconds.”Conversations with Don De Lillo.Ed.Thomas De Pietro.Jackson:Mississippi UP,2005.40-46.
Balter,Barrie.“Secret Agency:American Individualism in Oswald’s Tale and Libra.”Mailer Review 3.1(Fall2009):133-72.
Cavallaro,Dani.Critical and Cultural Theory.Trans.Zhang Weidong,et al.Nanjing:Jiangsu People’s Publishing House,2006.[丹尼·卡瓦拉罗:《文化理论关键词》,张卫东等译,南京:江苏人民出版社,2006年。]
Chen,Junsong.“Historical Trauma and Literary Representation:The Assasination of JFK and the Refutation of‘Official Truth’in Libra.”Foreign Literatures 2(2012):138-45.[陈俊松:《历史创伤和文学再现-肯尼迪遇刺与〈天秤星座〉中的反官方叙事》,《国外文学》2012年第2期,第138-45页。]
Cimpean,Raluca Lucia.“Living and Writing on the Edge in Don De Lillo’s Libra.”Philobiblon:Transylvanian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Humanities 21.2(Jul-Dec 2016):157-69.
De Lillo,Don.Libra.Trans.Han Zhonghua.Nanjing:Yilin Press,1997.[唐·德里罗:《天秤星座》,韩忠华译,南京:译林出版社,1997年。]
Green,Jeremy.“Libra.”The Cambridge Companion to Don De Lillo.Ed.John N.Duvall.Cambridge:Cambridge UP,2008.94-107.
Habermas,Jurgen.Legitimation Crisis.1973.Trans.Thomas Mc Carthy.Boston:Beacon Press,1975.
Henderson,David W.“Book Review.”Library Journal 133.12 July 1988:91.
Jiang,Xiaowei.“Reconstruction of Subject in the Imagination of Postmodernist History:Don De Lillo’s Libra.”Journal of South China Normal University(Social Science Edition)3(2010):82-87.[姜小卫:《后现代历史想象的主体:〈天秤星座〉》,《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2010年第3期,第82-87页。]
Kavadlo,Jesse.Don De Lillo:Balance at the Edge of Belief.New York:Peter Lang Publishing Inc.,2004.
Knight,Peter.Conspiracy Culture:From Kennedy to the X-Files.London:Routledge,2000.
Lentricchia,Frank.“Libra as Postmodern Critique.”Introducing Don De Lillo.Ed.Frank Lentricchia.Durham:Duke UP,1999:193-215.
Tailor,Charles.Sources of the Self:The Making of the Modern Identity.Trans.Han Zhen,et al.Nanjing:Yilin Press,2012.[查尔斯·泰勒:《自我的根源:现代认同的形成》,韩震等译,南京:译林出版社,2012年。]
Wang,Chengbing,and Zhang Zhibin.“Crisis of Identity:An Issue of Modernity.”Expanding Horizons 4(2005):54-56,68.[王成兵、张志斌:《认同危机:一个现代性问题》,《新视野》2005年第4期,第54-56、68页。]
Yang,Jincai.“Reflections on the Study of Current Developments in 21st Century Foreign Literature.”Contemporary Foreign Literature 4(2013):162-64.[杨金才:《关于21世纪外国文学发展趋势研究的几点认识》,《当代外国文学》2013年第4期,第162-64页。]
Zhang,Jiasheng.“American National Trauma in Don De Lillo’s 9/11 Novels.”Contemporary Foreign Literature 3(2012):77-85.[张加生:《从德里罗“9·11”小说看美国社会心理创伤》,《当代外国文学》2012年第3期,第77-85页。]
Zhang,Qi.“The Space Image of Limousine in Don De Lillo’s Cosmopolis.”Contemporary Foreign Literature 3(2017):35-42.[张琦:《德里罗〈大都会〉车的空间意向》,《当代外国文学》2017年第3期,第35-42页。]
Zhang,Yibing.Impossible Real of Being:Mirror of Lacan’s Philosophy.Beijing:The Commercial Press,2006.[张一兵:《不可能的存在之真:拉康哲学映像》,北京:商务印书馆,2006年。]
?i?ek,Slavoj.Sublime Object of Ideology.Trans.Ji Guangmao.Beijing:Central Compilation&Translation Press,2007.[斯拉沃热·齐泽克:《意识形态的崇高客体》,季广茂译,北京:中央编译出版局,2007年。]
Balter,Barrie.“Secret Agency:American Individualism in Oswald’s Tale and Libra.”Mailer Review 3.1(Fall2009):133-72.
Cavallaro,Dani.Critical and Cultural Theory.Trans.Zhang Weidong,et al.Nanjing:Jiangsu People’s Publishing House,2006.[丹尼·卡瓦拉罗:《文化理论关键词》,张卫东等译,南京:江苏人民出版社,2006年。]
Chen,Junsong.“Historical Trauma and Literary Representation:The Assasination of JFK and the Refutation of‘Official Truth’in Libra.”Foreign Literatures 2(2012):138-45.[陈俊松:《历史创伤和文学再现-肯尼迪遇刺与〈天秤星座〉中的反官方叙事》,《国外文学》2012年第2期,第138-45页。]
Cimpean,Raluca Lucia.“Living and Writing on the Edge in Don De Lillo’s Libra.”Philobiblon:Transylvanian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Humanities 21.2(Jul-Dec 2016):157-69.
De Lillo,Don.Libra.Trans.Han Zhonghua.Nanjing:Yilin Press,1997.[唐·德里罗:《天秤星座》,韩忠华译,南京:译林出版社,1997年。]
Green,Jeremy.“Libra.”The Cambridge Companion to Don De Lillo.Ed.John N.Duvall.Cambridge:Cambridge UP,2008.94-107.
Habermas,Jurgen.Legitimation Crisis.1973.Trans.Thomas Mc Carthy.Boston:Beacon Press,1975.
Henderson,David W.“Book Review.”Library Journal 133.12 July 1988:91.
Jiang,Xiaowei.“Reconstruction of Subject in the Imagination of Postmodernist History:Don De Lillo’s Libra.”Journal of South China Normal University(Social Science Edition)3(2010):82-87.[姜小卫:《后现代历史想象的主体:〈天秤星座〉》,《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2010年第3期,第82-87页。]
Kavadlo,Jesse.Don De Lillo:Balance at the Edge of Belief.New York:Peter Lang Publishing Inc.,2004.
Knight,Peter.Conspiracy Culture:From Kennedy to the X-Files.London:Routledge,2000.
Lentricchia,Frank.“Libra as Postmodern Critique.”Introducing Don De Lillo.Ed.Frank Lentricchia.Durham:Duke UP,1999:193-215.
Tailor,Charles.Sources of the Self:The Making of the Modern Identity.Trans.Han Zhen,et al.Nanjing:Yilin Press,2012.[查尔斯·泰勒:《自我的根源:现代认同的形成》,韩震等译,南京:译林出版社,2012年。]
Wang,Chengbing,and Zhang Zhibin.“Crisis of Identity:An Issue of Modernity.”Expanding Horizons 4(2005):54-56,68.[王成兵、张志斌:《认同危机:一个现代性问题》,《新视野》2005年第4期,第54-56、68页。]
Yang,Jincai.“Reflections on the Study of Current Developments in 21st Century Foreign Literature.”Contemporary Foreign Literature 4(2013):162-64.[杨金才:《关于21世纪外国文学发展趋势研究的几点认识》,《当代外国文学》2013年第4期,第162-64页。]
Zhang,Jiasheng.“American National Trauma in Don De Lillo’s 9/11 Novels.”Contemporary Foreign Literature 3(2012):77-85.[张加生:《从德里罗“9·11”小说看美国社会心理创伤》,《当代外国文学》2012年第3期,第77-85页。]
Zhang,Qi.“The Space Image of Limousine in Don De Lillo’s Cosmopolis.”Contemporary Foreign Literature 3(2017):35-42.[张琦:《德里罗〈大都会〉车的空间意向》,《当代外国文学》2017年第3期,第35-42页。]
Zhang,Yibing.Impossible Real of Being:Mirror of Lacan’s Philosophy.Beijing:The Commercial Press,2006.[张一兵:《不可能的存在之真:拉康哲学映像》,北京:商务印书馆,2006年。]
?i?ek,Slavoj.Sublime Object of Ideology.Trans.Ji Guangmao.Beijing:Central Compilation&Translation Press,2007.[斯拉沃热·齐泽克:《意识形态的崇高客体》,季广茂译,北京:中央编译出版局,2007年。]