高血压患者血压早期达标的研究进展
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摘要
高血压是危及全球患者健康的常见慢性病。患病率高、知晓率和控制率低是高血压目前面临的普遍问题,高血压可导致心、脑、肾和视网膜等靶器官损害,严重影响患者的身心健康,并带来严重的经济负担。血压达标能够有效降低患者的心脑血管事件风险和全因病死率,血压早期达标能够有效降低高血压介导的靶器官损害,从而提高患者的生活质量和生存周期。因此,提高临床医师及高血压患者对血压"早达标、早保护"的认识,早期使高血压患者的血压控制达标非常关键。
Hypertension is a common chronic disease endangering the health of patients worldwide. High prevalence,low awareness rate and control rate of hypertension is a common problem. Hypertension can lead to damage of target organs such as heart,brain,kidney and retina,seriously affecting the physical and mental health of the patients,and bringing serious economic burden to the society. Blood pressure control can effectively reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and all-cause mortality. Some studies have shown that early blood pressure attainment can effectively reduce target organ damage mediated by hypertension,thereby improving the quality of life and life span of the patients. So,improving the awareness of clinicians and hypertension patients about " early reaching and early protection" of blood pressure to realize early blood pressure control is very critical.
Hypertension is a common chronic disease endangering the health of patients worldwide. High prevalence,low awareness rate and control rate of hypertension is a common problem. Hypertension can lead to damage of target organs such as heart,brain,kidney and retina,seriously affecting the physical and mental health of the patients,and bringing serious economic burden to the society. Blood pressure control can effectively reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and all-cause mortality. Some studies have shown that early blood pressure attainment can effectively reduce target organ damage mediated by hypertension,thereby improving the quality of life and life span of the patients. So,improving the awareness of clinicians and hypertension patients about " early reaching and early protection" of blood pressure to realize early blood pressure control is very critical.
引文
[1]《中国高血压基层管理指南》修订委员会.中国高血压基层管理指南(2014年修订版)[J].中华高血压杂志,2015,23(1):24-43.
[2]刘明波,李镒冲,刘世炜,等.2010年中国人群高血压疾病负担[J].中华流行病学杂志,2014,35(6):680-683.
[3]Wang Z,Chen Z,Zhang L,et al.Status of Hypertension in China:Results From the China Hypertension Survey,2012-2015[J].Circulation,2018,137(22):2344-2356.
[4]Lewington S,Clarke R,Qizilbash N,et al.Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality:A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies[J].Lancet,2002,360(9349):1903-1913.
[5]Lip GYH,Coca A,Kahan T,et al.Hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias:Executive summary of a consensus document from the European Heart Rhythm Association(EHRA)and ESC Council on Hypertension,endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society(HRS),Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society(APHRS),and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulación Cardíaca y Electrofisiología(SOLEACE)[J].Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother,2017,3(4):235-250.
[6]Gottesman RF,Albert MS,Alonso A,et al.Associations between midlife vascular risk factors and 25-year incident dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities(ARIC)cohort[J].JAMANeurol,2017,74(10):1246-1254.
[7]Rovio SP,Pahkala K,Nevalainen J,et al.Cardiovascular Risk Factors From Childhood and Midlife Cognitive Performance:The Young Finns Study[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2017,69(18):2279-2289.
[8]Williams B,Mancia G,Spiering W,et al.2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension:The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension:The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension[J].J Hypertens,2018,36(10):1953-2041.
[9]中国高血压防治指南修订委员会.中国高血压防治指南2010[J].中华高血压杂志,2011,19(8):701-743.
[10]NCD Risk Factor Collaboration(NCD-Ris C).Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015:A pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants[J].Lancet,2017,389(10064):37-55.
[11]Chow CK,Teo KK,Rangarajan S,et al.Prevalence,awareness,treatment,and control of hypertension in rural and urban communities in high-,middle-,and low-income countries[J].JAMA,2013,310(9):959-968.
[12]Kearney PM,Whelton M,Reynolds K,et al.Global burden of hypertension:Analysis of worldwide data[J].Lancet,2005,365(9455):217-223.
[13]Patel P,Ordunez P,Dipette D,et al.Improved Blood Pressure Control to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality:The Standardized Hypertension Treatment and Prevention Project[J].J Clin Hypertens(Greenwich),2016,18(12):1284-1294.
[14]Asgedom SW,Gudina EK,Desse TA,et al.Assessment of Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients in Southwest Ethiopia[J].PLo S One,2016,11(11):e0166432.
[15]Gao Y,Chen G,Tian H,et al.Prevalence of hypertension in China:A cross-sectional study[J].PLo S One,2013,8(6):e65938.
[16]Forouzanfar MH,Liu P,Roth GA,et al.Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg,1990-2015[J].JAMA,2017,317(2):165-182.
[17]Whelton PK,Carey RM,Aronow WS,et al.2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention,Detection,Evaluation,and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults:Executive Summary:A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines[J].Criculation,2018,138(17):e426-483.
[18]戴伦.血压达标重要还是血压管理重要[J].中华高血压杂志,2015,23(9):811-816.
[19]Kodani E,Atarashi H,Inoue H,et al.Impact of Blood Pressure Control on Thromboembolism and Major Hemorrhage in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation:A Subanalysis of the J-RHYTHMRegistry[J].J Am Heart Assoc,2016,5(9).pii:e004075.
[20]杜兰芳,李昭屏,李丹,等.血压控制水平对高血压患者冠状动脉血流储备的影响[J].中华心血管病杂志,2016,44(5):421-425.
[21]Cheong AT,Mohd Said S,Muksan N,et al.Time to achieve first blood pressure control after diagnosis among hypertensive patients at primary health care clinics:A preliminary study[J].Asia Pac JPublic Health,2015,27(2):NP485-494.
[22]Mancia G,Messerli F,Bakris G,et al.Blood pressure control and improved cardiovascular outcomes in the International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study[J].Hypertension,2007,50(2):299-305.
[23]李勇.降压药物治疗:及早并长期维持血压达标与长期心血管病预后改善[J].中华高血压杂志,2017,25(8):719-721.
[24]Mariampillai JE,Esks PA,Heimark S,et al.A Case for Less Intensive Blood Pressure Control:It Matters to Achieve Target Blood Pressure Early and Sustained Below 140/90 mm Hg[J].Prog Cardiovasc Dis,2016,59(3):209-218.
[25]ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group,The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial.Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic:The antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial(ALLHAT)[J].JAMA,2002,288(23):2981-2997.
[26]Weber MA,Julius S,Kjeldsen SE,et al.Blood pressure dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive treatment on clinical event in the VALUE trial[J].Lancet,2004,363(9426):2049-2051.
[27]Dahl9f B,Sever PS,Poulter NR,et al.Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required,in the Anglo-Sacndinavian cardiac outcomes trial-blood pressure lowering arm(ASCOT-BPLA):A multicenter randomized controlled trial[J].Lancet,2005,366(9489):895-906.
[28]Lithell H,Hansson L,Skoog I,et al.The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly(SCOPE):Principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial[J].J Hypertens,2003,21(5):875-886.
[29]Zhang Y,Zhang X,Liu L,et al.Benefits of early blood pressure control on cardiovascular outcomes:A subgroup analysis of the felodipine event reduction(FEVER)study[J].J hyperten,2016,34 Suppl 2:e36.
[30]Zoungas S,Chalmers J,Neal B,et al.Follow-up of blood-pressure lowering and glucose control in type 2 diabetes[J].N Engl JMed,2014,371(15):1392-1406.
[31]Martínfernández M,Vinyoles E,Real J,et al.The prognostic value of blood pressure control delay in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients[J].J Hypertens,2019,37(2):426-431.
[32]国家卫生计生委合理用药专家委员会,中国医师协会高血.高血压合理用药指南[J/CD].中国医学前沿杂志(电子版),2015,7(6):22-24.
[33]Feldman RD,Zou GY,Vandervoort MK,et al.A Simplified Approach to the Treatment of Uncomplicated Hypertension.ACluster Randomized,Controlled Trial[J].Hypertension,2009,53(4):646-653.
[34]Weir MR,Levy D,Crikelair N,et al.Time to achieve blood-pressure goal:Influence of dose of valsartan monotherapy and valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy[J].Am J Hypertens,2007,20(7):807-815.
[35]Hatalova K,Pella D,Sidlo R,et al.Switching from a Free Association of Perindopril/Amlodipine to a Fixed-Dose Combination:Increased Antihypertensive Efficacy and Tolerability[J].Clin Drug Investig,2016,36(7):591-598.
[2]刘明波,李镒冲,刘世炜,等.2010年中国人群高血压疾病负担[J].中华流行病学杂志,2014,35(6):680-683.
[3]Wang Z,Chen Z,Zhang L,et al.Status of Hypertension in China:Results From the China Hypertension Survey,2012-2015[J].Circulation,2018,137(22):2344-2356.
[4]Lewington S,Clarke R,Qizilbash N,et al.Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality:A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies[J].Lancet,2002,360(9349):1903-1913.
[5]Lip GYH,Coca A,Kahan T,et al.Hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias:Executive summary of a consensus document from the European Heart Rhythm Association(EHRA)and ESC Council on Hypertension,endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society(HRS),Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society(APHRS),and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulación Cardíaca y Electrofisiología(SOLEACE)[J].Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother,2017,3(4):235-250.
[6]Gottesman RF,Albert MS,Alonso A,et al.Associations between midlife vascular risk factors and 25-year incident dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities(ARIC)cohort[J].JAMANeurol,2017,74(10):1246-1254.
[7]Rovio SP,Pahkala K,Nevalainen J,et al.Cardiovascular Risk Factors From Childhood and Midlife Cognitive Performance:The Young Finns Study[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2017,69(18):2279-2289.
[8]Williams B,Mancia G,Spiering W,et al.2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension:The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension:The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension[J].J Hypertens,2018,36(10):1953-2041.
[9]中国高血压防治指南修订委员会.中国高血压防治指南2010[J].中华高血压杂志,2011,19(8):701-743.
[10]NCD Risk Factor Collaboration(NCD-Ris C).Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015:A pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants[J].Lancet,2017,389(10064):37-55.
[11]Chow CK,Teo KK,Rangarajan S,et al.Prevalence,awareness,treatment,and control of hypertension in rural and urban communities in high-,middle-,and low-income countries[J].JAMA,2013,310(9):959-968.
[12]Kearney PM,Whelton M,Reynolds K,et al.Global burden of hypertension:Analysis of worldwide data[J].Lancet,2005,365(9455):217-223.
[13]Patel P,Ordunez P,Dipette D,et al.Improved Blood Pressure Control to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality:The Standardized Hypertension Treatment and Prevention Project[J].J Clin Hypertens(Greenwich),2016,18(12):1284-1294.
[14]Asgedom SW,Gudina EK,Desse TA,et al.Assessment of Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients in Southwest Ethiopia[J].PLo S One,2016,11(11):e0166432.
[15]Gao Y,Chen G,Tian H,et al.Prevalence of hypertension in China:A cross-sectional study[J].PLo S One,2013,8(6):e65938.
[16]Forouzanfar MH,Liu P,Roth GA,et al.Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg,1990-2015[J].JAMA,2017,317(2):165-182.
[17]Whelton PK,Carey RM,Aronow WS,et al.2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention,Detection,Evaluation,and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults:Executive Summary:A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines[J].Criculation,2018,138(17):e426-483.
[18]戴伦.血压达标重要还是血压管理重要[J].中华高血压杂志,2015,23(9):811-816.
[19]Kodani E,Atarashi H,Inoue H,et al.Impact of Blood Pressure Control on Thromboembolism and Major Hemorrhage in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation:A Subanalysis of the J-RHYTHMRegistry[J].J Am Heart Assoc,2016,5(9).pii:e004075.
[20]杜兰芳,李昭屏,李丹,等.血压控制水平对高血压患者冠状动脉血流储备的影响[J].中华心血管病杂志,2016,44(5):421-425.
[21]Cheong AT,Mohd Said S,Muksan N,et al.Time to achieve first blood pressure control after diagnosis among hypertensive patients at primary health care clinics:A preliminary study[J].Asia Pac JPublic Health,2015,27(2):NP485-494.
[22]Mancia G,Messerli F,Bakris G,et al.Blood pressure control and improved cardiovascular outcomes in the International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study[J].Hypertension,2007,50(2):299-305.
[23]李勇.降压药物治疗:及早并长期维持血压达标与长期心血管病预后改善[J].中华高血压杂志,2017,25(8):719-721.
[24]Mariampillai JE,Esks PA,Heimark S,et al.A Case for Less Intensive Blood Pressure Control:It Matters to Achieve Target Blood Pressure Early and Sustained Below 140/90 mm Hg[J].Prog Cardiovasc Dis,2016,59(3):209-218.
[25]ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group,The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial.Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic:The antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial(ALLHAT)[J].JAMA,2002,288(23):2981-2997.
[26]Weber MA,Julius S,Kjeldsen SE,et al.Blood pressure dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive treatment on clinical event in the VALUE trial[J].Lancet,2004,363(9426):2049-2051.
[27]Dahl9f B,Sever PS,Poulter NR,et al.Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required,in the Anglo-Sacndinavian cardiac outcomes trial-blood pressure lowering arm(ASCOT-BPLA):A multicenter randomized controlled trial[J].Lancet,2005,366(9489):895-906.
[28]Lithell H,Hansson L,Skoog I,et al.The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly(SCOPE):Principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial[J].J Hypertens,2003,21(5):875-886.
[29]Zhang Y,Zhang X,Liu L,et al.Benefits of early blood pressure control on cardiovascular outcomes:A subgroup analysis of the felodipine event reduction(FEVER)study[J].J hyperten,2016,34 Suppl 2:e36.
[30]Zoungas S,Chalmers J,Neal B,et al.Follow-up of blood-pressure lowering and glucose control in type 2 diabetes[J].N Engl JMed,2014,371(15):1392-1406.
[31]Martínfernández M,Vinyoles E,Real J,et al.The prognostic value of blood pressure control delay in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients[J].J Hypertens,2019,37(2):426-431.
[32]国家卫生计生委合理用药专家委员会,中国医师协会高血.高血压合理用药指南[J/CD].中国医学前沿杂志(电子版),2015,7(6):22-24.
[33]Feldman RD,Zou GY,Vandervoort MK,et al.A Simplified Approach to the Treatment of Uncomplicated Hypertension.ACluster Randomized,Controlled Trial[J].Hypertension,2009,53(4):646-653.
[34]Weir MR,Levy D,Crikelair N,et al.Time to achieve blood-pressure goal:Influence of dose of valsartan monotherapy and valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy[J].Am J Hypertens,2007,20(7):807-815.
[35]Hatalova K,Pella D,Sidlo R,et al.Switching from a Free Association of Perindopril/Amlodipine to a Fixed-Dose Combination:Increased Antihypertensive Efficacy and Tolerability[J].Clin Drug Investig,2016,36(7):591-598.