基于饥饿源于菌群的新发现将引发慢病防控突破性进展
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摘要
当前持续高发的慢病严重影响社会发展,迫切需要找到有效的解决方案。虽然近年来生命科学和传统医学及当代医学取得了长足进步,但是当前的慢病高发现状反过来提示人们,必须采用全新的、甚至是颠覆性思维模式重新思考慢病的病因学问题,方有可能从根本上解决慢病防控难题。在长期从事生命科学和生物医学研究的基础上,结合自身的测试与体验,陆续形成了饥饿源于菌群及慢病源于菌群的系列新发现,并在此基础上形成了菌心说学说(简称菌心学说)及其相应技术。本文系统阐述菌心学说的观点,以及基于该观点形成的慢病起源的新认识,同时提出有效的慢病防控方案。以往中医主张"天人合一",西医主张"人类基因异常导致慢病",在菌心学说框架下所形成的肠道菌群异常(通过导致人类基因异常)而导致慢病的新医学体系,恰好对应了医学发展过程中的不同阶段和不同版本(中医对应于"医学1.0"版本,西医对应于"医学2.0"版本,新医学对应于"医学3.0"版本)。
Even in nowadays chronic diseases are still an obstacle to the healthy development of human society.It is an urgent need to find a scientific yet effective way to control chronic diseases.Despite the great progress made by life science and modern medicine,the current situation of high incidence of chronic diseases suggests that we should adopt and develop a new,even subversive thinking mode,to rethink the etiology of chronic diseases in order to assist humans to across the gully and health problem of chronic disease.Based on a long-term scientific research,we have obtained some new discoveries,such as "hunger sensation comes from gut flora" and "chronic disease comes from gut flora" on the basis of the formation of "gut flora-centric theory" together with its corresponding technology,which will bring a breakthrough to the chronic disease prevention and health management.In this paper,we will explore this new theory,provide new understanding of the origin of the chronic disease,and propose corresponding strategies and solutions for chronic diseases.Compared with the traditional Chinese medicine based on "harmony between man and nature" and the western medicine that advocates "chronic diseases come from abnormal human genes",our studies emphasize on "abnormal gut flora(caused by human genetic abnormalities) new medical system leading to chronic diseases" under the framework of gut flora-centric theory.
Even in nowadays chronic diseases are still an obstacle to the healthy development of human society.It is an urgent need to find a scientific yet effective way to control chronic diseases.Despite the great progress made by life science and modern medicine,the current situation of high incidence of chronic diseases suggests that we should adopt and develop a new,even subversive thinking mode,to rethink the etiology of chronic diseases in order to assist humans to across the gully and health problem of chronic disease.Based on a long-term scientific research,we have obtained some new discoveries,such as "hunger sensation comes from gut flora" and "chronic disease comes from gut flora" on the basis of the formation of "gut flora-centric theory" together with its corresponding technology,which will bring a breakthrough to the chronic disease prevention and health management.In this paper,we will explore this new theory,provide new understanding of the origin of the chronic disease,and propose corresponding strategies and solutions for chronic diseases.Compared with the traditional Chinese medicine based on "harmony between man and nature" and the western medicine that advocates "chronic diseases come from abnormal human genes",our studies emphasize on "abnormal gut flora(caused by human genetic abnormalities) new medical system leading to chronic diseases" under the framework of gut flora-centric theory.
引文
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[13]Rafiq S,Anand S,Roberts R.Genome-wide association studies of hy-pertension:Have they been fruitful[J].Journal of Cardiovascular Trans-lational Research,2010,3(3):189-196.
[14]Xu Y,Chen M,Liu C,et al.Association study confirmed three breastcancer-specific molecular subtype-associated susceptibility loci inChinese Han women[J].The Oncologist,2017,22(8):890-894.
[15]张成岗.人体微生态尤其是肠道微生态为新药研发提供前所未有的机遇和挑战[J].中国药理学与毒理学杂志,2016,30(7):703-713.Zhang Chenggang.Human microecology,especially gut microfloraprovides unprecedented opportunities and challenges for new drugresearch and development[J].Chinese Journal of Pharmacology andToxicology,2016,30(7):703-713.
[16]Qin J,Li R,Raes J,et al.A human gut microbial gene catalogue es-tablished by metagenomic sequencing[J].Nature,2010,464(7285):59-65.
[17]B?ckhed F,Ding H,Wang T,et al.The gut microbiota as an environ-mental factor that regulates fat storage[J].PNAS,2004,101(44):15718-15723.
[18]Turnbaugh P J,Ley R E,Mahowald M A,et al.An obesity-associatedgut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest[J].Nature,2006,444(7122):1027-1031.
[19]Ridaura V K,Faith J J,Rey F E,et al.Gut microbiota from twins dis-cordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice[J].Science,2013,341(6150):1241214.
[20]Fei N,Zhao L.An opportunistic pathogen isolated from the gut of anobese human causes obesity in germfree mice[J].The ISME Journal,2013,7(4):880-884.
[21]Alang N,Kelly C R.Weight gain after fecal microbiota transplantation[C].Open Forum Infectious Diseases.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2015,2(1):ofv004.
[22]Ley R E,Backhed F,Turnbaugh P,et al.Obesity alters gut microbialecology[J].PNAS,2005,102(31):11070-11075.
[23]Ley R E,Turnbaugh P J,Klein S,et al.Microbial ecology-Human gutmicrobes associated with obesity[J].Nature,2006,444(7122):1022-1023.
[24]Ley R E.Obesity and the human microbiome[J].Current Opinion inGastroenterology,2010,26(1):5-11.
[25]Human Microbiome Project C.Structure,function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome[J].Nature,2012,486(7402):207-214.
[26]Sanz Y,Rastmanesh R,Agostoni C.Understanding the role of gut mi-crobes and probiotics in obesity:How far are we?[J].PharmacologicalResearch,2013,69(1):144-155.
[27]Le Chatelier E,Nielsen T,Qin J,et al.Richness of human gut micro-biome correlates with metabolic markers[J].Nature,2013,500(7464):541-546.
[28]Goodrich J K,Waters J L,Poole A C,et al.Human genetics shapethe gut microbiome[J].Cell,2014,159(4):789-799.
[29]Saad M J,Santos A,Prada P O.Linking gut microbiota and inflamma-tion to obesity and insulin resistance[J].Physiology,2016,31(4):283-93.
[30]Nova E,de Heredia F P,Gomez-Martinez S,et al.The role of probiot-ics on the microbiota:Effect on obesity[J].Nutrition in Clinical Prac-tice,2016,31(3):387-400.
[31]Nehra V,Allen J M,Mailing L J,et al.Gut microbiota:Modulation ofhost physiology in obesity[J].Physiology,2016,31(5):327-335.
[32]John G K,Mullin G E.The gut microbiome and obesity[J].Current On-cology Reports,2016,18(7):45.
[33]Isolauri E,Salminen S,Rautava S.Early microbe contact and obesityrisk:Evidence of causality[J].Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterologyand Nutrition.2016,63(Suppl1):S3-5.
[34]Compare D,Rocco A,Sanduzzi Zamparelli M,et al.The gut bacteria-driven obesity development[J].Digestive Diseases,2016,34(3):221-229.
[35]Martel J,Ojcius D M,Chang C J,et al.Anti-obesogenic and antidia-betic effects of plants and mushrooms[J].Nature Reviews Endocrinolo-gy,2017,13(3):149-160.
[36]Stock J.Gut microbiota:An environmental risk factor for cardiovascu-lar disease[J].Atherosclerosis,2013,229(2):440-442.
[37]Mima K,Nakagawa S,Sawayama H,et al.The microbiome and hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancers[J].Cancer Letters,2017,402:9-15.
[38]Weber G J,Pushpakumar S,Tyagi S C,et al.Homocysteine and hydro-gen sulfide in epigenetic,metabolic and microbiota related renovascu-lar hypertension[J].Pharmacological Research,2016,113:300-312.
[39]Khan M T,Nieuwdorp M,B?ckhed F.Microbial modulation of insulinsensitivity[J].Cell Metabolism,2014,20(5):753-760.
[40]Devlin A S,Marcobal A,Dodd D,et al.Modulation of a circulatinguremic solute via rational genetic manipulation of the gut microbiota[J].Cell Host&Microbe,2016,20(6):709-715.
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