方孝孺“志于道”思想探析
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摘要
方孝孺自幼研读儒学经典,明初政治严峻,其父亲遭遇牢狱之灾,由此激发了方孝孺强烈的"立法"意愿。他藉建文帝给予的为帝师机会积极地为"君臣"关系立法,弘扬"立法"精神。方孝孺认为君主要有度量容得下才华横溢的士大夫,并具体化了朱熹的"格物"思想以便士人更好地提升自我。朱棣取代建文帝而登基,方孝孺用自己的生命去坚守儒家的仁道精神,去捍卫应有的君臣法度。
Fang Xiaoru had learned many classic books of Confucianism since he was a child. Politics in early Ming Dynasty was grim, and his father was treated unfairly. These things prompted him to "make law". Jianwen emperor gave him the chance. He took advantage of the opportunity to develop the spirit of "lawmaker", and concern the relationship between emperor and minister. He pointed out what is the perfect relationship between emperor and minister. The emperor can tolerate brilliant scholars, and scholar should improve themselves. Zhu Di took the place of Zhu Jianwen becoming the new emperor. Fang Xiaoru stuck to Confucianism spirit and took a stand for rules between emperor and minister.
Fang Xiaoru had learned many classic books of Confucianism since he was a child. Politics in early Ming Dynasty was grim, and his father was treated unfairly. These things prompted him to "make law". Jianwen emperor gave him the chance. He took advantage of the opportunity to develop the spirit of "lawmaker", and concern the relationship between emperor and minister. He pointed out what is the perfect relationship between emperor and minister. The emperor can tolerate brilliant scholars, and scholar should improve themselves. Zhu Di took the place of Zhu Jianwen becoming the new emperor. Fang Xiaoru stuck to Confucianism spirit and took a stand for rules between emperor and minister.
引文
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[2]吴晗.吴晗论明史[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2016:121.
[3]王春南,赵映林.宋濂方孝孺评传[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1998:324.
[4]方孝孺.方孝孺集:下册[M].杭州:浙江古籍出版社,2015:769.
[5]方孝孺.方孝孺集:上册[M].杭州:浙江古籍出版社,2015.
[6]徐兆安.宋濂门人时期的方孝孺[J].汉学研究,1998(4):147-178.
[7]李春青.乌托邦与诗——中国古代士人文化与文学价值观[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1995:25.
[8]李春青.宋代与宋代文学观念[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001:6.
[9]朱元璋.稀见明史研究资料五种:第一册[M].北京:中华书局,2015:171.
[10]徐铉.全宋文:卷二十一[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,2006:637.
[11]张廷玉.明史[M].北京:中华书局,2011.
[12]李春青.文学理论与言说者的身份认同[J].文学评论,2006(2):35-39.
[13]朱熹.四书章句集注[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2008:10.
[14]黄士毅.朱子语类:第一册[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2014.
[15]德勒兹.德勒兹与情动[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2016:6-12.
[16]王士性.广志绎:卷四[M].北京:中华书局,1997:73.
[17]齐周华.名山藏副本[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987:126.
[18]刘宗周.刘宗周全集:卷九[M].杭州,浙江古籍出版社,2007.