采用二阶滤波的混合储能系统实时功率分配方法
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摘要
针对由能量型储能和功率型储能组成的混合储能系统,阐述了基于一阶巴特沃思滤波器进行实时功率分配的方法,分析了导致功率型储能元件充电或放电容量积累从而影响其性能的原因。在此基础上,构造了二阶滤波传递函数,改善了交接频率处的截止特性,同时该功率分配方法可使功率型储能在响应高频功率指令时存在一个与输入功率指令及滤波过程无关的衰减功率分量,使其趋向于回到初始荷电状态,克服了一阶巴特沃思滤波响应高频功率指令时的积分作用。进而研究了二阶高频滤波环节响应高频功率指令时的积分作用,将二阶高频滤波环节分解为响应滤波环节和补偿滤波环节,并对其频率特性进行了分析,明确了交接频率的选择原则。利用PSCAD/EMTDC搭建混合储能系统仿真模型,验证了所提功率分配方法的有效性。
For hybrid energy storage system consisting of energy-type storage and power-type storage, the real-time power distribution approach based on first-order Butterworth filter is presented. The reasons leading to accumulation of charge or discharge capacity of power-type storage and thus affecting its performance are also analyzed. On this basis, a second-order filter transfer function is constructed to improve the cut-off characteristics at the handover frequency. Meanwhile, the proposed power distribution method enables the power-type storage to contain an attenuated power component independent of input power instruction and filtering process when responding to high frequency power instruction. The attenuated power component makes the power-type storage return to the initial state of charge, and overcomes the integral effect of the first-order Butterworth filtering in response to high-frequency power components. Then the integral function of the second-order high-frequency filter in response to the high-frequency power components is studied. The second-order high-frequency filter is decomposed into response filter and compensation filter, and its frequency characteristics are analyzed. The selection principle of the handover frequency is given. A hybrid energy storage system simulation model is built using PSCAD/EMTDC and effectiveness of the proposed power distribution method is verified.
For hybrid energy storage system consisting of energy-type storage and power-type storage, the real-time power distribution approach based on first-order Butterworth filter is presented. The reasons leading to accumulation of charge or discharge capacity of power-type storage and thus affecting its performance are also analyzed. On this basis, a second-order filter transfer function is constructed to improve the cut-off characteristics at the handover frequency. Meanwhile, the proposed power distribution method enables the power-type storage to contain an attenuated power component independent of input power instruction and filtering process when responding to high frequency power instruction. The attenuated power component makes the power-type storage return to the initial state of charge, and overcomes the integral effect of the first-order Butterworth filtering in response to high-frequency power components. Then the integral function of the second-order high-frequency filter in response to the high-frequency power components is studied. The second-order high-frequency filter is decomposed into response filter and compensation filter, and its frequency characteristics are analyzed. The selection principle of the handover frequency is given. A hybrid energy storage system simulation model is built using PSCAD/EMTDC and effectiveness of the proposed power distribution method is verified.
引文
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[18]杨珺,张建成,桂勋.并网风光发电中混合储能系统容量优化配置[J].电网技术,2013,27(5):1209-1216.Yang Jun,Zhang Jiancheng,Gui Xun.Capacity optimization of hybrid energy storage system in grid-connected wind and PV power generation system[J].Power System Technology,2013,27(5):1209-1216(in Chinese).
[19]程志江,李永东,谢永流,等.带超级电容的光伏发电微网系统混合储能控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2739-2745.Cheng Zhijiang,Li Yongdong,Xie Yongliu,et al.Control strategy for hybrid energy storage of photo voltaic generation microgrid system with super capacitor[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2739-2745(in Chinese).
[20]李彦林,王明彦,郑载满.微网运行条件下储能并网VSC多目标控制策略[J].电网技术,2013,37(7):1792-1798.Li Yanlin,Wang Mingyan,Zheng Zaiman.A multi-objective control strategy for grid-connecting VSC under grid-connected operation of microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(7):1792-1798(in Chinese).
[21]张野,郭力,贾宏杰,等.基于电池荷电状态和可变滤波时间常数的储能控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(6):34-38.Zhang Ye,Guo Li,Jia Hongjie,et al.An energy storage control method base on state of charge and variable filter time constant[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(6):34-38(in Chinese).
[22]赵艳雷,李海东,张磊,等.基于快速储能的风电潮流优化控制系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(13):21-28.Zhao Yanlei,Li Haidong,Zhang Lei,et al.Wind power flow opimization and control system based on rapid energy storage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(13):21-28(in Chinese).
[23]毕锐,吴建中,丁明,等.孤立微网多元储能与柴油发电机协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(17):73-79.Bi Rui,Wu Jianzhong,Ding Ming,et al.A cooperative control strategy for standalone microgrid considering of multi-storage and diesel generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(17):73-79(in Chinese).
[24]谢石骁,杨莉,李丽娜.基于机会约束规划的混合储能优化配置方法[J].电网技术,2012,36(5):79-84.Xie Shixiao,Yang Li,Li Lina.A chance constrained programming based optimal configuration method of hybrid energy storage system[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(5):79-84(in Chinese).
[25]Olivier Tremblay,Louis-A Dessaint,Abdel-Illah Dekkiche.A generic battery model for the dynamic simulation of hybrid electric vehicles[C]//Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.VPPC 2007,IEEE,2007:284-289.
[26]Spyker R L,Nelms R M.Classical equivalent circuit parameters for a double-layer capacitor[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2000,36(3):829-836.
[27]国家能源局.风电场功率预测预报管理暂行办法[J].太阳能,2011(14):6-7.
[28]何川,刘天琪,胡晓通,等.基于超短期风电预测和混合储能的风电爬坡优化控制[J].电网技术,2017,41(3):782-790.He Chuan,Liu Tianqi,Hu Xiaotong,et al.Optimal control of wind ramp based on very short-term wind forecast and hybrid ESS[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(3):782-790(in Chinese).
[29]杨水丽,李建林,惠东,等.用于跟踪风电场计划出力的电池储能系统容量优化配置[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1485-1491.Yang Shuili,Li Jianlin,Hui Dong,et al.Optimal capacity configuration of battery energy storage system to track planned output of wind farm[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(6):1485-1491(in Chinese).
[2]韩晓娟,程成,籍天明,等.计及电池使用寿命的混合储能系统容量优化模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(34):91-97.Han Xiaojuan,Cheng Cheng,Ji Tianming,et al.Capacity optimal modeling of hybrid energy storage systems considering battery life[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(34):91-97(in Chinese).
[3]刘霞,江全元.风光储混合系统的协调优化控制[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(14):95-100.Liu Xia,Jiang Quanyuan.An optimal coordination control of hybrid wind/photovoltaic/energy storage system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(14):95-100(in Chinese).
[4]孙承晨,袁越,San Shing Choi,等.基于经验模态分解和神经网络的微网混合储能容量优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(8):19-26.Sun Chengchen,Yuan Yue,San Shing Choi,et al.Capacity optimization of hybrid energy storage systems in microgrid using empirical mode decomposition and neural network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(8):19-26(in Chinese).
[5]管晟超,程浩忠,杨堤,等.基于风速预测的风储电压质量调节系统[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1341-1347.Guan Shengchao,Cheng Haozhong,Yang Di,et al.Voltage quality regulation with hybrid energy storage based on wind speed forecast in wind power system[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1341-1347(in Chinese).
[6]于芃,赵瑜,周玮,等.基于混合储能系统的平抑风电波动功率方法的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(24):35-40.Yu Peng,Zhao Yu,Zhou Wei,et al.Research on the method based on hybrid energy storage system for balancing fluctuant wind power[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(24):35-40(in Chinese).
[7]严干贵,朱星旭,李军徽,等.内蕴运行寿命测算的混合储能系统控制策略设计[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(1):110-114.Yan Gangui,Zhu Xingxu,Li Junhui,et al.Control strategy design for hybrid energy storage system with intrinsic operation life measurement and calculation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(1):110-114(in Chinese).
[8]马速良,马会萌,蒋小平,等.基于Bloch球面的量子遗传算法的混合储能系统容量配置[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(3):592-599.Ma Suliang,Ma Huimeng,Jiang Xiaoping,et al.Capacity configuration of the hybrid energy storage system based on Bloch spherical quantum genetic algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(3):592-599(in Chinese).
[9]唐西胜,齐智平.超级电容器蓄电池混合电源[J].电源技术,2006,30(11):933-936.Tang Xisheng,Qi Zhiping.Study on the ultracapacitor/battery hybrid system[J].Journal of Power Sources,2006,30(11):933-936(in Chinese).
[10]王海波,杨秀,张美霞.平抑光伏系统波动的混合储能控制策略[J].电网技术,2013,37(9):2452-2458.Wang Haibo,Yang Xiu,Zhang Meixia.A control strategy of hybrid energy storage system capable of suppressing output fluctuation of photovoltaic generation system[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(9):2452-2458(in Chinese).
[11]刘志文,夏文波,刘明波.基于复合储能的微电网运行模式平滑切换控制[J].电网技术,2013,37(4):906-913.Liu Zhiwen,Xia Wenbo,Liu Mingbo.Control method and strategy for smooth switching of microgrid operation modes based on complex energy storage[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(4):906-913(in Chinese).
[12]吕超贤,李欣然,户龙辉,等.基于小波分频与双层模糊控制的多类型储能系统平滑策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(2):21-29.LüChaoxian,Li Xinran,Hu Longhui,et al.A smoothing strategy for hybrid energy storage system based on wavelet frequency allocation and two-level fuzzy control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(2):21-29(in Chinese).
[13]李逢兵.含锂电池和超级电容混合储能系统的控制与优化研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[14]Dougal R A,Liu Shengyi,Ralph E W.Power and life extension of battery-ultracapacitor hybrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies,2002,25(1):120-131.
[15]于芃,周玮,孙辉,等.用于风电功率平抑的混合储能系统及其控制系统设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(17):127-133.Yu Peng,Zhou Wei,Sun Hui,et al.Hybrid energy storage system and control system design for wind power balancing[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(17):127-133(in Chinese).
[16]韩晓娟,陈跃燕,张浩,等.基于小波包分解的混合储能技术在平抑风电场功率波动中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):8-13.Han Xiaojuan,Chen Yueyan,Zhang Hao,et al.Application of hybrid energy storage technology based on wavelet packet decomposition in smoothing the fluctuations of wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(19):8-13(in Chinese).
[17]张坤,毛承雄,谢俊文,等.风电场复合储能系统容量配置的优化设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(25):79-87.Zhang Kun,Mao Chengxiong,Xie Junwen,et al.Optimal design of hybrid energy storage system capacity for wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(25):79-87(in Chinese).
[18]杨珺,张建成,桂勋.并网风光发电中混合储能系统容量优化配置[J].电网技术,2013,27(5):1209-1216.Yang Jun,Zhang Jiancheng,Gui Xun.Capacity optimization of hybrid energy storage system in grid-connected wind and PV power generation system[J].Power System Technology,2013,27(5):1209-1216(in Chinese).
[19]程志江,李永东,谢永流,等.带超级电容的光伏发电微网系统混合储能控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2739-2745.Cheng Zhijiang,Li Yongdong,Xie Yongliu,et al.Control strategy for hybrid energy storage of photo voltaic generation microgrid system with super capacitor[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2739-2745(in Chinese).
[20]李彦林,王明彦,郑载满.微网运行条件下储能并网VSC多目标控制策略[J].电网技术,2013,37(7):1792-1798.Li Yanlin,Wang Mingyan,Zheng Zaiman.A multi-objective control strategy for grid-connecting VSC under grid-connected operation of microgrid[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(7):1792-1798(in Chinese).
[21]张野,郭力,贾宏杰,等.基于电池荷电状态和可变滤波时间常数的储能控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(6):34-38.Zhang Ye,Guo Li,Jia Hongjie,et al.An energy storage control method base on state of charge and variable filter time constant[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(6):34-38(in Chinese).
[22]赵艳雷,李海东,张磊,等.基于快速储能的风电潮流优化控制系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(13):21-28.Zhao Yanlei,Li Haidong,Zhang Lei,et al.Wind power flow opimization and control system based on rapid energy storage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(13):21-28(in Chinese).
[23]毕锐,吴建中,丁明,等.孤立微网多元储能与柴油发电机协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(17):73-79.Bi Rui,Wu Jianzhong,Ding Ming,et al.A cooperative control strategy for standalone microgrid considering of multi-storage and diesel generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(17):73-79(in Chinese).
[24]谢石骁,杨莉,李丽娜.基于机会约束规划的混合储能优化配置方法[J].电网技术,2012,36(5):79-84.Xie Shixiao,Yang Li,Li Lina.A chance constrained programming based optimal configuration method of hybrid energy storage system[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(5):79-84(in Chinese).
[25]Olivier Tremblay,Louis-A Dessaint,Abdel-Illah Dekkiche.A generic battery model for the dynamic simulation of hybrid electric vehicles[C]//Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.VPPC 2007,IEEE,2007:284-289.
[26]Spyker R L,Nelms R M.Classical equivalent circuit parameters for a double-layer capacitor[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2000,36(3):829-836.
[27]国家能源局.风电场功率预测预报管理暂行办法[J].太阳能,2011(14):6-7.
[28]何川,刘天琪,胡晓通,等.基于超短期风电预测和混合储能的风电爬坡优化控制[J].电网技术,2017,41(3):782-790.He Chuan,Liu Tianqi,Hu Xiaotong,et al.Optimal control of wind ramp based on very short-term wind forecast and hybrid ESS[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(3):782-790(in Chinese).
[29]杨水丽,李建林,惠东,等.用于跟踪风电场计划出力的电池储能系统容量优化配置[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1485-1491.Yang Shuili,Li Jianlin,Hui Dong,et al.Optimal capacity configuration of battery energy storage system to track planned output of wind farm[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(6):1485-1491(in Chinese).