基于热控制的海上风电变流器主动防凝露技术
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摘要
海上风电变流器采用封闭式柜体及水冷散热设计,以适应海上高湿度及盐雾的环境要求。当风速突然减小,风机发电功率骤降时,冷却水和散热器温度随之快速下降;但是柜内空气温度由于散热条件下降缓慢,散热器等成为潜在的冷点。当冷点温度降到柜内空气凝露点温度以下时,将发生冷凝现象,表面形成的露水会损坏变流器电气和机械部件,甚至导致短路故障。针对目前兆瓦级海上风电变流器的并联型拓扑结构,提出一种基于无功环流的主动热控制策略,用以调节冷点的温度始终高于柜内空气凝露温度。对所提出的方法进行了建模和理论分析,并通过3MW风力发电系统的仿真和试验平台测试,验证控制策略的有效性。
Offshore wind power converters are usually installed in a closed cabinet equipped with water cooling to meet the requirements of high humidity and salt spray prevention. When the wind speed suddenly decreases and the output power decreases dramatically, the temperature of the cooling water and heatsinks decreases rapidly. However, the temperature of the air in the cabinet drops slowly due to its heat dissipation condition. Therefore, when the heatsink and water pipes' temperature drops below the air dew point temperature in the cabinet, the condensation will occur; and the dew formed on the surface will damage the electrical and mechanical components of the converter, even lead to short circuit faults.In view of parallel topology of MW level offshore wind power converter at present, an active thermal control strategy was proposed based on reactive power circulating current. Through this thermal control technology, the temperature of the coldest point can be always higher than the air dew point temperature in the cabinet. Therefore, anti-condensation was achieved without other external devices such as a heater or dehumidifier.In this paper, the proposed method was modeled and theoretically analyzed, and the validity of the control strategy was verified by the simulation and test platform of 3 MW wind power generation system.
Offshore wind power converters are usually installed in a closed cabinet equipped with water cooling to meet the requirements of high humidity and salt spray prevention. When the wind speed suddenly decreases and the output power decreases dramatically, the temperature of the cooling water and heatsinks decreases rapidly. However, the temperature of the air in the cabinet drops slowly due to its heat dissipation condition. Therefore, when the heatsink and water pipes' temperature drops below the air dew point temperature in the cabinet, the condensation will occur; and the dew formed on the surface will damage the electrical and mechanical components of the converter, even lead to short circuit faults.In view of parallel topology of MW level offshore wind power converter at present, an active thermal control strategy was proposed based on reactive power circulating current. Through this thermal control technology, the temperature of the coldest point can be always higher than the air dew point temperature in the cabinet. Therefore, anti-condensation was achieved without other external devices such as a heater or dehumidifier.In this paper, the proposed method was modeled and theoretically analyzed, and the validity of the control strategy was verified by the simulation and test platform of 3 MW wind power generation system.
引文
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[22]Luo Z,Ahn H,Nokali M.A thermal model for insulated gate bipolar transistor module[J].IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics,2004,19(4):902-907.
[23]Gerstenmaier Y,Kiffe W,Wachutka G.Combination of thermal subsystems modeled by rapid circuit transformation[C]//13th International Workshop on Thermal Investigation of ICs and Systems,2007:115-120.
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[2]黄玲玲,曹家麟,张开华,等.海上风电机组运行维护现状研究与展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(3):729-738.Huang Lingling,Cao Jialin,Zhang Kaihua,et al.Status and prospects on operation and maintenance of offshore wind turbines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(3):729-738(in Chinese).
[3]周雒维,吴军科,杜雄,等.功率变流器的可靠性研究现状及展望[J].电源学报,2013(1):1-15.Zhou Luowei,Wu Junke,Du Xiong,et al.Status and outlook of power converter’s reliability research[J].Journal of Power Supply,2013(1):1-15(in Chinese).
[4]Fischer K,Stalin T,Ramberg H,et al.Field-experience based root-cause analysis of power-converter failure in wind turbines[J].IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics,2015,30(5):2481-2492.
[5]时晓蕾,陶高周,罗宣国.基于防护技术的海上风电变流器高可靠性优化结构设计[J].可再生能源,2013,31(4):103-106.Shi Xiaolei,Tao Gaozhou,Luo Xuanguo.Optimal reliability structure design of offshore wind power converter using protective technology[J].Renewable energy resource,2013,31(4):103-106(in Chinese).
[6]曹国荣,赵燕峰.变频器的除湿防凝露研究[J].变频器世界,2011(6):129-132.Cao Guorong,Zhao Yanfeng.Research on the dehumidification and anti-condensation in the inverter[J].The World of Inverters,2011(6):129-132(in Chinese).
[7]Davidson J,Stone D,Foster M.Real-time temperature monitoring and control for power electronic systems under variable active cooling by characterisation of device thermal transfer impedance[C]//7th IET International Conference on Power Electronics,Machines and Drives(PEMD 2014),2014:1-6.
[8]Li C,Jiao D,Jia J,et al.Thermoelectric cooling for power electronics circuits:modeling and active temperature control[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2014,50(6):3995-4005.
[9]Ma K,Liserre M,Blaabjerg F.Reactive power influence on the thermal cycling of multi-MW wind power inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,49(2):922-930.
[10]Zhang J,Wang H,Cai X,et al.Thermal control method based on reactive circulating current for anti-condensation of wind power converter under wind speed variations[C]//2014 International Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition(PEAC),2014:152-156.
[11]吴军科,周雒维,孙鹏菊,等.功率变流器中IGBT模块的结温管理策略研究[C]//第七届中国高校电力电子与电力传动学术年会论文集,2013:487-493.Wu Junke,Zhou Luowei,Sun Pengju,et al.A research of IGBT junction temperature control strategy of power converter[C]//The 7th Symposumon Power Electronics&Electrical Drives(SPEED),2013:487-493(in Chinese).
[12]Wei L,McGuire J,Lukaszewski R.Analysis of PWMfrequency control to improve the lifetime of PWMinverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2011,47(2):922-929.
[13]Grbovic P J.An IGBT gate driver for feed-forward control of turn-on losses and reverse recovery current[J].IEEETrans.on Power Electronics,2008,23(2):643-652.
[14]吴军科,周雒维,王博,等.基于开关轨迹动态调整的变流器内部热管理[J].电源学报,2016(6):46-52.Wu Junke,Zhou Luowei,Wang Bo,et al.Internal thermal management of power converter based on switching trace adjustment[J].Journal of Power Supply,2016(6):46-52(in Chinese).
[15]Lemmens J,Driesen J,Vanassche P.Dynamic DC-link voltage adaptation for thermal management of traction drives[C]//2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,2013:180-187.
[16]杜雄,李高显,李腾飞,等.一种用于提高风电变流器中功率器件寿命的混合空间矢量调制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(19):5003-5012.Du Xiong,Li Gaoxian,Li Tengfei,et al.A hybrid modulation method for improving the lifetime of power modules in the wind power converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(19):5003-5012(in Chinese).
[17]李辉,白鹏飞,李洋,等.抑制IGBT器件结温的双馈风电变流器分段DSVPWM策略[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(2):37-43.Li Hui,Bai Pengfei,Li Yang,et al.Segmented DSVPWMstrategy to depress IGBT junction temperature of wind-power converter[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(2):37-43(in Chinese).
[18]李志刚,梅霜,王少杰,等.IGBT模块开关损耗计算方法综述[J].电子技术应用,2016,42(1):10-14.Li Zhigang,Mei Shuang,Wang Shaojie,et al.The review of IGBT module switching loss calculation method[J].Application of Electronic Technique,2016,42(1):10-14(in Chinese).
[19]Wintrich A,Nicolai U,Tursky W,et al.Application manual power semiconductors[M].Nuremberg:ISLEVerlag,2011:288-299.
[20]Perruchoud P J,Pinewski P J.Power losses for space vector modulation techniques[J].IEEE Power Electronics in Transportation,1996:167-173.
[21]杜雄,李高显,吴军科,等.一种用于风电变流器可靠性评估的结温数值计算方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2813-2821.Du Xiong,Li Gaoxiong,Wu Junke,et al.A junction temperature numerical calculation method for reliability evaluation in wind power converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2813-2821(in Chinese).
[22]Luo Z,Ahn H,Nokali M.A thermal model for insulated gate bipolar transistor module[J].IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics,2004,19(4):902-907.
[23]Gerstenmaier Y,Kiffe W,Wachutka G.Combination of thermal subsystems modeled by rapid circuit transformation[C]//13th International Workshop on Thermal Investigation of ICs and Systems,2007:115-120.
[24]Holmboe J,Forsythe G E,Gustin W.Dynamic meteorology[M].New York:Wiley,1945:378.